1. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ieUsing Linked Data and the Internet of Things for Energy Management Invited Talk to Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology 13th March 2013Edward Curry, Green and Sustainable IT Copyright 2011 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rightsreserved. Enabling Networked Knowledge

2. The Environment is on Everyones Agenda 2 3. ICTs Mass Produc:on Carbon Cost ICT Accounts for Approximately... 2% of Global CO2 Emissions. 3 Source Gartner 4. McKinsey 2020 Report ICTs could deliver approximately 7.8 GtCO2 of emissions savings in 2020, represenFng a 15% of emissions cut in 2020 and 600 billion ($946.5 billion) of cost savings. ICT can provide business soluFons that can alleviate at least ve Fmes the GHG footprint of ICT itself 5. Sustainable IT Align all IT processes and pracFces with the core Reduce IT principles of sustainability, 2% which are to reduce, reuse, and recycle; and Find innovaFve ways to use IT in business processes to 98% deliver sustainability benets across the enterprise and beyond. 5 Improve Efficiency 6. Analytics OpportunityDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n 2010 MIT Sloan / IBM report on Analytics Embedding business insight into day-to-day operations iscritical to success Single greatest opportunity and challenge for the data-driven enterprise Enabling networked knowledge 7. Energy InformaFcs Energy + InformaFon < Energy Analyzing, designing, and implemenFng informaFon systems to increase energy eciency Adding informaFon to the energy equaFon to reduce energy consumpFon R. T. Watson, M.-C. Boudreau, and A. J. Chen, InformaFon Systems and Environmentally Sustainable Development: Energy InformaFcs and New DirecFons for the IS Community, MIS Quarterly, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 23-38, 2010. 7 8. ChallengeDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ien 2010 survey of 600+ CIOs & IT Managers Paucity of sustainability information (i.e energy) Lost opportunity to leverage information to improve sustainability Significant challenges aheadEnabling Networked Knowledge 9. The Smart CityDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling Networked Knowledge 10. Digital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ie A Smart City driver of change will be Data. Enabling Networked Knowledge 11. Digital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ieEnabling Networked Knowledge 12. Digital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.iebstr actsaA Smart City removes silos movingtowards a connected digital layer.Enabling Networked Knowledge 13. Silos ValueUntapped ValueDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ieEnabling Networked Knowledgehttp://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/publications/ig_data/pdfs/MGI_big_data_full_report.pdf 14. New Engineering Building at NUI GalwayDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ieCost - 40,000,000 Enabling Networked Knowledge14 15. Research Motivation A Real-World ExampleDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ieCost - 40,000,000 AirCon 8:30-11:00 & 15:00-16:00 Mon to Fri CO2 levels Occupancy Pagern TimeMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday ASHRAE 08:00-09:00 62.1-2010 09:00-10:00 237 23720023710:00-11:0023723723720011:00-12:00 23718018014523712:00-13:00 23720023720014913:00-14:00 14514:00-15:00 221237145 14015:00-16:00 221 12016014016:00-17:00 149 25016017:00-18:00 200160Enabling Networked Knowledge 15 16. Enterprise Energy ManagementDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ieEnergy Management Systems within an Enterprise will need to support four key requirementsEnabling Networked Knowledge 17. Holistic Energy ConsumptionDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ie FaciliFes Data Centre Business Travel Oce IT Daily Commute Holis:c Energy Management Enabling Networked Knowledge 18. Business Context of Energy ConsumptionDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Energy FinanceResourceAllocation HumanAsset MgmtResources Enabling Networked Knowledge 19. Multi-Level Energy AnalysisDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ieCIO Strategic Analysis CEOExample KPI: CIO needs high-levelEnergy used bybusiness function power global IT departmentusage CSO real-time carbon Helpdeskemissions CSOExample KPI: PUE of the Tactical AnalysisData Center in Dublin Manager needs energyusage of businessMaintenance Personnelprocesses, business line or Example KPI:groupkWhs used by server 172.16.0.8 Operational Analysis Technician needsequipment power usage Building Low-level monitoringSensors, events Data Center Enabling Networked Knowledge 19 of XYZ 20. Energy SituationalAwarenessDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n Help users to: Understandenergy data Makeappropriate energy saving decisions Support energy performance objectives andother business performance objectives human resources (i.e. occupancy comfort) enterprise resource planning (i.e. room utilization).Enabling Networked Knowledge 21. Key ChallengesDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ien Technology and Data Interoperability Data scattered among different information systems Multiple incompatible technologies make it difficult to usen Interpreting Dynamic and Static Data Sensors, ERP, BMS, assets databases, Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunitiesn Empowering Actions Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of activities Embedding impacts within business processesEnabling Networked Knowledge21 22. InteroperabilityDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie! D. Chen, et al. Architectures for enterprise integration and interoperability: Past, present and future, Computers in Industry 59(7)Enabling Networked Knowledge 23. BarriersDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ien Conceptual barriers Syntactic differences (format) Semantic (interpretation of meaning)n Technological barriers Incompatibility of protocols, encoding, platforms, infrastructures, etc.n Organizational barriers Incompatibilityof definitions of responsibility, authority, and organizational structuresEnabling Networked Knowledge 24. Integration ApproachesDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ien Integrated approaches Common format for all models existsn Unified approaches Uppermodel exists to facilitate mapping between modelsn Federated approaches Nocommon format exists but rather is done on the flyEnabling Networked Knowledge 25. Emerging TrendsDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Everything is Connectedand..Data is Shared on theWeb with Linked DataEnabling networked knowledge 26. Proposed ApproachDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ie n Leverage key trends in information management Dataspace approach toinformation management Linked data approach to sharinginformation on the web Internet of Things tointerconnect devices n Information Interoperability Overcome technical andconceptual barriers Supports overcomingorganizational barriers!Enabling Networked Knowledge 27. What is a Dataspace?Digital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ien Emerging data management architecturen Recognizes expense obtaining upfrontunifying schema across all sources Co-existenceof data without unifying schema Looselyintegrated set of data sourcesn Data integrated on as needed basis Tighter integration achieved in an incremental "pay-as-you-go" fashion Franklin, A. Halevy, and D. Maier From databases to dataspaces: a new abstraction for information management, Sigmod Record, 34(4) 2005. Enabling Networked Knowledge 28. DBMS vs DataspaceDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ieDBMSDataspaceModel RelationalAllFormats HomogenousHeterogeneousControl CompletePartialQuery Precise ApproximateIntegration ExplicitImplicit/Incremental Enabling Networked Knowledge 29. The Web of DataDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ieEnabling Networked Knowledge 30. The Linked Open Data cloudDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ie2008 20072008 20102009 20082009 2008Enabling Networked Knowledge3030 31. Linked Open Data cloud - domainsDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ieBestBuyhttp://lod-cloud.net/ Overstock.comFacebookUS governmentUK governmentMedia User-generatedGovernmentPublicationsBBCNew York TimesCross-domain Geo Life sciences LinkedGeoData Over 300 open data sets with more than 35 billion facts, interlinked by 500 million typed links. Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch.Enabling Networked Knowledge31 32. What is Linked Data?Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie 32 Enabling Networked Knowledge 33. Two Key IngredientsDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ie 1.RDF Resource Description FrameworkGraph based Data nodes and arcs Identifies objects (URIs) Interlink information (Relationships) 2.Vocabularies (Ontologies) provide shared understanding of a domain organise knowledge in a machine-comprehensible way give an exploitable meaning to the dataEnabling Networked Knowledge33 of 46 34. Why Graphs and Ontologies?Digital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ie Cities:DublinGeo:hasLargestCity 84421km2Wikipedia.org Geo:IslandOfIrelandGeo:hasCapital Geo:area Geo:locatedOnEU:RepublicOfIrelandEU:RepublicOfIreland Gov:hasDepartmentGov:hasTaoiseachGov.ie Person:EndaKennyIE:DepartmentOfFinanceEnabling Networked Knowledge 35. Linked Data PrinciplesDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ie 1. Use URIs to identify the things in your data 2. Use HTTP URIs so people (and machines) can look them up on the Web 3. When a URI is looked up, return a description of the thing in a structured format (RDF) 4. Include links to related things to provide context http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.htmlEnabling Networked Knowledge 36. Linked Data ExampleDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ieResource Description Framework (RDF)subject - predicate objectEdward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202eEdward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202ehttp://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry/http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#occupanthttp://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#r202eEnabling Networked Knowledge 36 37. Linked DataspaceDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ieDataspace + Linked Data = Linked Dataspace Enabling Networked Knowledge37 38. Linked DataspacesDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n Complimentary technology for data sharing Minimal disruption to existing infrastructure Maintains loose coupling between systems n Pay-as-you-go data integration Incremental enrichment of entity profiles (i.e. SameAs) Links relevant knowledge and contextual information fromacross all systems Enabling Networked Knowledge 39. Merging Entity Graphsthe CloudDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ieLinked Dataspace Corporate System Edward Curry DGSIT Corporatefoaf:name en:memberOf Building hJp://www.deri.ie/about/team/ member/edward_curry#me Office IT owl:sameAs owl:sameAs hJp://www.deri.ie/about/team/hJp://www.deri.ie/about/team/ member/edward_curry#me member/edward_curry#me rm:occupant en:has_a hJp://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/hJp://energy.deri.ie#macbook15698 2010/deri-rooms#r202e foaf:name en:consumption foaf:name en:consumption MacBook Pro 10kWh 202e 50kWh Office IT SystemBuilding Management System Enabling Networked Knowledge 40. Dereferenceable URIDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix owl: . @prefix rooms: . @prefix foaf: . @prefix deri-energy-ont: . @prefix deri-energy: . @prefix ssn: . @prefix deri-rooms: . deri-rooms:building rdf:type rooms:Building; rooms:contains deri-rooms:1st-floor. deri-rooms:1st-floorrdf:type rooms:Floor; rooms:contains deri-rooms:1st-floor-south-wing. deri-rooms:1st-floor-south-wing rdf:type rooms:Wing; rooms:contains deri-rooms:r202e. deri-rooms:r202e rdf:type rooms:Desk; rooms:occupant. rdf:type foaf:Person; deri-energy-ont:has_a deri-energy:macbook15698; deri-energy:macbook15698rdf:type deri-energy-ont:Laptop; ssn:observedByderi-energy:sensor123. deri-energy:sensor123 rdf:type ssn:Sensor; ssn:observes deri-energy-ont:PowerConsumption. deri-energy:observation1236 rdf:type ssn:Observation; ssn:observationResult deri-energy:observationResult1236; ssn:featureOfInterest deri-energy:macbook15698; ssn:observedByderi-energy:sensor123. deri-energy:observationResult1236 rdf:type ssn:SensorOutput; ssn:hasValue deri-energy:vale1236. deri-energy:vale1236deri-energy-ont:hasQuantityValue 31.5; deri-energy-ont:hasQuantityUnitOfMeasurement deri-energy-ont:kWh.Enabling Networked Knowledge 40 41. CoAP = HTTP for sensorsDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling Networked Knowledge 42. CoAP ApplicationsDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie42 Enabling Networked Knowledge 43. CoAP ExampleDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ien Accessing sensors from we browser using HTTP-CoAPproxying SPITFIRE Smart Service Proxy (SSP) Enabling Networked Knowledge 44. Energy IntelligenceDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n Linked Dataspace for Energy Intelligence UsesLinked Data and CoAP to manage energy Transforms raw data into meaningful energy information Enables effective strategic, tactical, and operational decision-making for energy mgmt Provides energy consumption of business activities so they can be understood and optimized Enabling Networked Knowledge 45. Linked dataspace forEnergy IntelligenceDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ieOrganisation-level Business Process Personal-levelLinked dataspace for Energy Intelligence Office ITCorporateBuildingLogisticsData Center Enabling Networked Knowledge45 46. Linked dataspace forDigital Enterprise Research InstituteEnergy Intelligencewww.deri.ieEnergy Saving ApplicationsApplicationsn Decision Support Energy Analysis SystemsModel Energy andSustainability Dashboards Situation Awareness Appsn Energy AwarenessSemantic Event ProcessingComplex Events nNatural Language InterfaceServicesSupportEntityComplex Event ManagementData CatalogProvenance Search &QueryProcessing n ServiceEngine nCollaborative Data Mgmt.n Interlinked Cloud of Energy Linked DataData nResource Description AdapterAdapter Adapter Adapter AdapterFramework (RDF)Sources nSemantic Sensor NetworkOntology (SSN) nCoAP = Constrained ApplicationProtocolEnabling Networked Knowledge 47. Data SourcesDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Information System Type Information Building Information Model ArchiCAD BIM Physical Dimensions of Building Building Resource Allocation SpreadsheetAssignment of building resources to people and groups within DERI Office IT Assets DatabaseSharePoint Office IT equipment assignment Human Resource EmployeeSharePoint Person detail, group affiliations and current Databasework assignments DC Resource Allocation SpreadsheetAssignment of DC resources to services DC Resource Monitoring GangliaReal-time monitoring of hardware resourcesMonitoring within the data center such as CPU loadSystem averages or network utilization) DC Assets Database SharePoint Repository of equipment within Data Centre Service Management Software ZabbixReal-time monitoring of network services and hardware Energy Sensor NetworkEnistic Sensor Real-time sensor reading from power metersPlatform within buildingEnabling Networked Knowledge 48. CoAP SensorsDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling Networked Knowledge48 of 26 49. Energy Saving ApplicationsDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ieEnterprise Energy Smart Buildings Green Cloud Observatory ComputingEnabling Networked Knowledge Office IT Energy Mgmt.Personal Energy Mgmt. 50. Building EnergyDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie 1. Data from Enterprise Linked Data Cloud 2. Sensor Data 3. Building Energy Situation Awareness Enabling Networked Knowledge50 of 26 51. Linking Building DataDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ieW3C SSN XG Ontology + DERI Rooms + CoAP Enabling Networked Knowledge 52. iEnergy PersonalDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ieEnabling Networked Knowledge 53. Example of SavingsAchievedDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling Networked Knowledge 54. CreditsDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ieTeam MembersThe PartnersEnabling Networked Knowledge 55. Selected ReferencesDigital Enterprise Research Institutewww.deri.ieSustainability Use Casesn Curry, E., et al . (2011). An Entity-Centric Approach To Green InformationSystems. 19th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2011).n Curry, E., & Donnellan, B. (2012). Green and Sustainable Informatics. In,Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sonsn Curry, E. et al. An Environmental Chargeback for Data Center and CloudComputing Consumers, in First International Workshop on Energy-EfficientData Centers, 2012.n Curry, E. et al, Building Optimisation using Scenario Modeling and LinkedData, in 1st Workshop Linked Data in Architecture and Construction 2012n Curry E. et al, Enterprise Energy Management using a Linked dataspace forEnergy Intelligence. In: The Second IFIP Conference on Sustainable Internetand ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT) 2012. Enabling Networked Knowledge 56. Selected ReferencesDigital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Information Management n Hasan, S. et al. (2011). Toward Situation Awareness for the Semantic Sensor Web: Complex Event Processing with Dynamic Linked Data Enrichment. 4th International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks n Hasan, S. et al, Approximate Semantic Matching of Heterogeneous Events, in 6th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems n Curry E. (2012) System of Systems Information Interoperability using a Linked Dataspace In: IEEE 7th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE 2012). IT Management n Curry, E. et al. Developing an Sustainable IT Capability: Lessons From Intels Journey, MIS Quarterly Executive, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 61-74, 2012. n Donnellan B. et al, (2011) A Capability Maturity Framework for Sustainable Information and Communication Technology. IEEE IT Professional 13(1). n Curry E, et al, (2012) Sustainable IT: Challenges, Postures, and Outcomes, IEEE Computer 15(11) Enabling Networked Knowledge