Two types of water subject to pollutionTwo types of water subject to pollution

Surface water Surface water – – rivers, lakes and rivers, lakes and oceans.\oceans.\ Uses: drinking, Uses: drinking,

recreational recreational [fishing, boating, [fishing, boating, swimming].swimming].

Groundwater Groundwater - - occurs beneath a occurs beneath a water table in soils water table in soils or rocks; subject to or rocks; subject to pollution from toxic pollution from toxic chemicals.chemicals.

Uses: drinking, Uses: drinking, irrigation, etcirrigation, etc

Sources of Water PollutionSources of Water Pollution

Nature of sources of contamination:Nature of sources of contamination:

[ [ PointPoint and and Non-pointNon-point ] ]

Sources of Water PollutionSources of Water Pollution

Point sourcePoint source: : discharge into surface discharge into surface waters at a specific waters at a specific location. [through a location. [through a pipe, outfall or ditch.]pipe, outfall or ditch.]

Sources of Water PollutionSources of Water Pollution

Non-pointNon-point: Indirect or : Indirect or diffuse effect on waterdiffuse effect on water

[ N/B. more difficult to [ N/B. more difficult to control ]control ]

e.g. agricultural e.g. agricultural activities, urban run-offactivities, urban run-off

Specific sources of Water Specific sources of Water Pollution:Pollution:

Harmful ChemicalsHarmful Chemicals Oil washing, kitchen wastes and other Oil washing, kitchen wastes and other

waste from homes. waste from homes. Agricultural PracticesAgricultural Practices Sugar millsSugar mills

Water PollutantsWater Pollutants

Domestic WastesDomestic Wastes Biological PollutantsBiological Pollutants Plastics and StyrofoamPlastics and Styrofoam DetergentsDetergents Mine TailingsMine Tailings Sugar MillsSugar Mills Alcohol DistilleryAlcohol Distillery Agricultural pollutantsAgricultural pollutants OilOil Thermal PollutionThermal Pollution

Effects of Human Activities on Bodies Of WaterEffects of Human Activities on Bodies Of Water

Humans impact the earth both directly and indirectly.  Our mere presence Humans impact the earth both directly and indirectly.  Our mere presence on this planet, or the state of being “alive” and breathing produces carbon on this planet, or the state of being “alive” and breathing produces carbon dioxide, a known depletory of the ozone.  Industrialization, production, dioxide, a known depletory of the ozone.  Industrialization, production, agriculture, land-use practices, hydropower generation, fossil fuel and agriculture, land-use practices, hydropower generation, fossil fuel and nuclear power generation, disposal of wastes, and our ever-lasting desire nuclear power generation, disposal of wastes, and our ever-lasting desire for consumption to obtain more, whether it be material objects, or material for consumption to obtain more, whether it be material objects, or material items is causing devastating impacts to our ecosystems, and water items is causing devastating impacts to our ecosystems, and water sources.  We use water for such tasks as bathing to watering our garden, sources.  We use water for such tasks as bathing to watering our garden, not to mention that it composes nearly 70% of our body.  It is for these not to mention that it composes nearly 70% of our body.  It is for these reasons that we need to take careful steps to have the least impact on reasons that we need to take careful steps to have the least impact on water quality.water quality.     

Effects of Water PollutionEffects of Water Pollution

It increases the cost of our drinking water.It increases the cost of our drinking water. It threatens our health and our neighbors may It threatens our health and our neighbors may

jeopardize our firm, factory or business.jeopardize our firm, factory or business. It decreases the value of our propertyIt decreases the value of our property It destroys commercial and game fishIt destroys commercial and game fish It contaminates jellyfish and pushes up seafood prices.It contaminates jellyfish and pushes up seafood prices. It poisons water flow and other domestic structures; and It poisons water flow and other domestic structures; and

finallyfinally Water pollution degrades the very quality of our total Water pollution degrades the very quality of our total

environment.environment.

Red Tide MenaceRed Tide Menace

"Red Tide" is a common name for a "Red Tide" is a common name for a phenomenon known as an algal bloom, an phenomenon known as an algal bloom, an event in which estuarine, marine, or fresh event in which estuarine, marine, or fresh water algae accumulate rapidly in the water water algae accumulate rapidly in the water column, or "bloom".column, or "bloom".

Gastrointestinal Illnesses we can get when Gastrointestinal Illnesses we can get when red tide occurs:red tide occurs: Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP)Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP)Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP)Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Ciguatera Fish Poisoning

Effects of Red TideEffects of Red Tide

Health ImpactHealth Impact

Economic ImpactEconomic Impact

Enviromental ImpactEnviromental Impact

Government Actions Against Red tide MenaceGovernment Actions Against Red tide Menace

The National Red Tide Task Force The National Red Tide Task Force (NRTTF) is mandated to monitor toxic red (NRTTF) is mandated to monitor toxic red tides in our country.  This is to protect the tides in our country.  This is to protect the public from the illness and death caused public from the illness and death caused by the red tide toxin and also to mitigate its by the red tide toxin and also to mitigate its negative impact to the shellfish industry.  A negative impact to the shellfish industry.  A regular issuance of the red tide update is regular issuance of the red tide update is also being undertaken.also being undertaken.

Oil SpillOil Spill

An An oil spilloil spill is the release is the release of a liquid petroleum of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the hydrocarbon into the environment, especially environment, especially marine areas, due to marine areas, due to human activity, and is a human activity, and is a form of pollution. The form of pollution. The term is usually applied to term is usually applied to marine oil spills, where marine oil spills, where oil is released into the oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur but spills may also occur on land.on land.

Effects of Oil SpillEffects of Oil Spill

Spilled oil can harm Spilled oil can harm living things because its living things because its chemical constituents chemical constituents are poisonous. This can are poisonous. This can affect organisms both affect organisms both from internal exposure to from internal exposure to oil through ingestion or oil through ingestion or inhalation and from inhalation and from external exposure external exposure through skin and eye through skin and eye irritation.irritation.

Pollution of Philippine Rivers and LakesPollution of Philippine Rivers and LakesRiver Region

Marikina RiverSan Juan RiverParañaque RiverPasig River

National Capital Region (NCR)

Balili River Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)

Meycauayan RiverMarilao RiverBocaue River

Region III

Imus RiverYlang-Ylang River

Region IVA

Mogpog RiverCalapan River

Region IVB

Malaguit RiverPanique River

Region V

Iloilo River

Luyang RiverSapang Daku RiverCagayan De Oro River

Region

Region VII

Region X

Pollution of Philippine Rivers Pollution of Philippine Rivers and Lakesand Lakes

Lake Location Area ( ha )

Laguna de Bay Laguna and Rizal 89,076

Lake Lanao Lanao Del Sur 34,000

Taal Lake Batangas 24,356

Lake Mainit Surigao del Norte – Agusan

17,430

Naujan Lake Oriental Mindoro 7,899

Lake Buluan South Cotabato 6,134

Lake Bato Camarines Sur 3,792

Lake Pagusi Agusan 2,534

Lake Labas South Cotabato 2,141

Lake Lumao Agusan 168

Philippine Efforts to Clean the Philippine Efforts to Clean the WatersWaters

DENR ProgramsDENR ProgramsIndustrial Eco-watchIndustrial Eco-watchTap Watch programTap Watch programThe Beach Ecowatch programThe Beach Ecowatch program

Civic SocietyCivic SocietySagip Pasig MovementSagip Pasig Movement

FIRST QUIZFIRST QUIZ

1. Which of the following is NOT considered an aquatic ecosystem?

a. Oceans b. Lakes c. Rivers d. Wetlands e. None of the above; all are aquatic ecosystems

2. The area of land from which a body of water receives its water is called at…

a. Drainage basin b. Water drain c. Watershed d. Precipitation reservoir

3. Which of the following is the base of the food chain in an 3. Which of the following is the base of the food chain in an aquatic ecosystem?aquatic ecosystem?

a. Phytoplankton a. Phytoplankton b. Zooplankton b. Zooplankton

c. Macroinvertebrates d. Small fishc. Macroinvertebrates d. Small fish

4. Which of the following would be an example of Non-point 4. Which of the following would be an example of Non-point Source pollution?Source pollution?

a. Photosynthesis due to sunlight a. Photosynthesis due to sunlight

b. The presence of zooplankton in a body of waterb. The presence of zooplankton in a body of water

c. Discharge from an overwhelmed sewage treatment plant c. Discharge from an overwhelmed sewage treatment plant

d. Topsoil erosion from farm fields into a riverd. Topsoil erosion from farm fields into a river

5. Which of the following would be an example of Point-source pollution?

a. Photosynthesis due to sunlight

b. The presence of zooplankton in a body of water

c. Discharge from an overwhelmed sewage treatment plant

d. Topsoil erosion from farm fields into a river

6. Which of the following best describes eutrophication?

a. When PCBs collect in the sediment of a river

b. When lead concentrations in living tissue increase at each level of the food chain

c. When high nutrient levels cause algae blooms that lower dissolved oxygen

d. When photosynthetic organisms at the base of the food chain fail to produce food.

7. If a toxin is mutagenic, it may affect an organism’s…

a. DNA b. Ability to reproduce c. Immune System d. All of the above

8. Nitrates and phosphates are a problem because…

a. They can biomagnify

b. They are mutagens

c. They increase oxygen levels in the water

d. They lead to eutrophication

9. What is eutrophication?

a. The process in which water levels heat up, lowering dissolved oxygen

b. The process in which dissolved oxygen levels are lowered due to the overgrowth of algae

c. The process in which mutagenic compounds lower the levels of dissolved oxygen in the water

d. The process in which the population of fish increases too quickly, lowering dissolved oxygen

10. Why would increased algae populations lower dissolved oxygen levels?

a. Algae prevents plants under the water from getting sunlight, stopping photosynthesis and oxygen production.b. b. Algae consumes oxygen when it photosynthesizesc. c. Algae consumes oxygen when it consumes dead organismsd. None of the above

SECOND QUIZSECOND QUIZTRUE OR FALSE.

Questions:

1.Most surface water interacts with underground water source. Thus, if groundwater is contaminated, connecting springs, streams, and lakes may suffer the consequences as well.

2. Although the soil does filter out many contaminants, it does not protect the groundwater entirely.

3. Groundwater moves very slowly through the aquifers at a rate of only inches per day. Some contaminants that reach the groundwater break down slowly or not at all, and move slowly with the water. Therefore, groundwater may contain these contaminants for many years.

4. Although business and industry contribute to the problems in the water, municipal, agricultural, and household sources of contamination must be recognized.

5. Individuals can alter their lifestyles in some ways to 5. Individuals can alter their lifestyles in some ways to reduce their impact on water use and quality (recycling reduce their impact on water use and quality (recycling solid waste, water conservation). The government at all solid waste, water conservation). The government at all levels has a major responsibility to protect our water levels has a major responsibility to protect our water supply but it is up to individuals to help solve the supply but it is up to individuals to help solve the problems.problems.

6.Many pollutants are odorless, tasteless, and colorless. 6.Many pollutants are odorless, tasteless, and colorless. If any are present, even boiling might not remove them. If any are present, even boiling might not remove them. Testing by a laboratory is the best assurance of quality. Testing by a laboratory is the best assurance of quality. State and federal laws require the testing of public water State and federal laws require the testing of public water supplies, but testing of private well is up to the supplies, but testing of private well is up to the homeowner. If your family uses a private well as a homeowner. If your family uses a private well as a source of household water, find out when the most source of household water, find out when the most recent test was performed and what the results recent test was performed and what the results indicated.indicated.

5.

7. When many animals are concentrated in 7. When many animals are concentrated in an area, such as a livestock yard, animal an area, such as a livestock yard, animal wastes can be a problem if not properly wastes can be a problem if not properly managed.managed.

8. In theory, we can always treat our water 8. In theory, we can always treat our water to make it drinkable. However, in reality to make it drinkable. However, in reality there is a point reached where it can no there is a point reached where it can no longer be feasible or affordable to purify our longer be feasible or affordable to purify our water. Prevention of contamination though water. Prevention of contamination though careful land use and education the public careful land use and education the public can protect us from costly treatmentcan protect us from costly treatment

9. Lawn fertilizer may increase the nitrate level in groundwater and rain washes nitrates into the soil.

10. Rural areas can have problems of pesticide, fertilizer, and petroleum contamination, as well as problems of water shortages

FIRST QUIZFIRST QUIZAnswers:Answers:

1.1.EE

2.2.A/CA/C

3.3.AA

4.4.DD

5.5.CC

6.6.CC

7.7.AA

8.8.DD

9.9.BB

10.10.AA

SECOND QUIZSECOND QUIZ

Answers:Answers:

1.True.

2.2.FalseFalse

3.3.TrueTrue

4.4.FalseFalse

5.5.FalseFalse

6. False6. False

7. True. 7. True.

8. True8. True

9. False.9. False.

10. False. 10. False.