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Andrew Pace, Executive Director of Networked Library Services, OCLCCreators of library management and inventory control systems are playing catch-up with the 21st century nature of cloud-based library collections and cloud-resident library users. Part history, part accident, and part vision for the future, moving management services to the network is an inevitable evolution of library automation with revolutionary implications. Pace will give his views about the history, present, and hopeful future for more collaborative, efficient, and effective library management services.
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EVERY
CONNECTIONhas a
starting point.
Andrew K. Pace
Executive Director, Networked Library Services
Web-scale Management:The Promise and Peril of Creating a Next-
generation Library Management System
5th NOVEMBER 2010
Disclaimers (―about me, before OCLC‖)
I am a Librarian with a Humanities background
• BA (Rhetoric), The University of Virginia
• M.S.L.S., The Catholic University of America
I have a long and jaded history with library automation
• Innovative Interfaces, Inc. (1996-1999)
• product manager WebPac, Z39.50 client/server, Electronic Course Reserves, Web Management Reports
• North Carolina State University, Head of IT (1999-2008)
• DRA-to-Sirsi-to-SirsiDynix
• Home grown ERM (―E-Matrix‖)
• Project Director, NCSU Endeca discovery engine
• Library Systems author, speaker, consultant, and provocateur (1994 – present)
• Blogger, ―Hectic Pace,‖ (2006-present)
• Columnist, ―Technically Speaking,‖ American Libraries (2004-2008)
• Contributing Editor, Smart Libraries Newsletter (2003-2004)
• Columnist, ―Coming Full Circle,‖ Computers in Libraries (2000-2005)
Agenda
Web scale, cloud computing, and OCLC
• Libraries before web scale
Web-scale Management Services
• Why?
• What?
“Web-scale management services”
• An opportunity for truly next-generation library management
services
Breaking new ground in Library Automation
Taking things apart and putting things together
Web Scale and Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing
Infrastructure Platform Applications Services
KP
MG
A style of computing in which
scalable and elastic IT-enabled
capabilities are delivered as a
service to external customers
using Internet technologies.-Gartner Group
Simple: Web-based applications with shared data and services.
Why cloud computing is different
“Unlike most innovations that started in the enterprise
and went to the consumer, this innovation started with
consumers and is now coming to the enterprise.”-Geoffrey Moore
“Core Content and the Cloud”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0swJCYLH2C
The Web is all about
scale, finding ways to
attract the most users
for centralized resources,
spreading those costs
over larger and larger
audiences as the
technology gets more
and more capable.
— Chris Anderson,
Editor-in-Chief, WIRED
and author of The Long Tail
The cloud provides scalability
Libraries Before Web Scale
The Timeline
1936
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Inte
gra
tion &
sophis
ticati
on
1936
First library automation – punchcard
circulation at University of Texas
1960
Stand-alone modules, separated by
department or function
1970
Mainframe and dumb terminals – the birth
of integration
1980
Coming of age era – the best of the text-
based library systems
1990
GUI, WWW, RDBMS – the great distraction,
or “the beginning of legacy status”
2000
The “dance with the one that brung ya”
era. Making the best of a bad situation.2010
Peril or Promise?: XML, Java, Open Source,
SaaS, cloud computing, web scale. The
“new” ILS.
In the 1970s…
ILS
OPAC
Circulation
CatalogingUsersPrint
Vendors
Library
In the 1980s…
ILS
OPAC
Circulation
CatalogingUsersPrint
Vendors
Library
Self
Service
National/
Global
System
Consortial
System
Cataloging
Utility
Acquisitions
In the 1990s…
ILS
OPAC
Circulation
CatalogingUsersPrint
Vendors
Library
Self
Service
National/
Global
System
Consortial
System
Cataloging
Utility
Acquisitions
A to Z
List
Electronic
Vendor
Resolver
ERM
In the 2000s…
ILS
OPAC
Circulation
CatalogingUsersPrint
Vendors
Library
Self
Service
National/
Global
System
Consortial
System
Cataloging
Utility
Acquisitions
A to Z
List
Electronic
Vendor
Resolver
ERM
Institutional
Repository
Meta-
search
―[We signed on to be a pilot
partner] because this is
pretty much what our library
systems look like.‖
Michael Dula
Pepperdine University Libraries
Why web-scale management
services?
Changing demand
Changing collections
Web scale value proposition
70% 30%INFRASTRUCTURE INITIATIVE
Amazon.com: http://www.slideshare.net/goodfriday/amazon-web-services-building-a-webscale-computing-architecture
Before cloud computing…
Web scale value proposition
70%30%INITIATIVE
Amazon.com: http://www.slideshare.net/goodfriday/amazon-web-services-building-a-webscale-computing-architecture
After cloud computing
INFRASTRUCTURE
Why?
• Libraries are doing more than ever
• Silos, costs, time requirements, inefficiency are hindering
libraries
• Cloud computing has helped other industries
• OCLC members have been building ―cloud‖ services for 40
years (cataloging, resource sharing, online reference…)
• OCLC Web-scale Management brings the power of the
cooperative to core services
• Member libraries will be freed to focus on innovation
A Sea Change
―For 25 years of library automation,
we‘ve had a choice of brand, and now
we have a choice of kind.‖
-Marshall Breeding
Libraries and Web Scale
―Library Web scale‖
Libraries worldwide 1,212,383
Books: physical processing 15,517,196,010
Back-office transactions 61,879,349
OPAC searches 105,607,800,600
Database searches 36,555,852,000
Circulation / ILL 4,983,393,968 + Adds/deletes; patron record maintenance, etc.
____________________________________________________________________
Annual transactions 166,041,975,140
18,954,563 transactions / day 5,265 transactions / second
Worldwide libraries and worldwide library transactions (PER YEAR)
Possible with a handful of commodity servers
Side note (mixing metaphors):
The Cloud is Greener
If all the world‘s library transactions could be
managed with a handful of commodity
servers, what is the current carbon footprint
of the world‘s libraries?
What if…
UsersPrint
Vendors
LibraryOPAC
ILS
Circulation
Cataloging
Self
Service
Acquisitions
Cataloging
Utility
National/
Global
System
Consortial
System
Electronic
Vendor
A to Z
List
Resolver
ERM
Institutional
Repository
Meta-
search
What if…
Data
Library
Users Suppliers
Partners
Library
Users Suppliers
Partners
Efficient storage of data in the cloud:
Common use data
Bib
Holdings
User
Contributed
Common Use Data
Users
Partners
Suppliers
Library
Users Suppliers
Partners
Data by Agreement
Patron
Auth
Circ
Counts
Ordering
LicensesCommon Use Data
Library
Efficient storage of data in the cloud:
Data by agreement
Library
Users Suppliers
Partners
Users
Partners
Suppliers
Efficient storage of data in the cloud:
Private data
Private Data
Data by Agreement
Common Use Data
Patron
C‘Out
Order
Details
Licensing
Library
Data
Library
Users Suppliers
Partners
Roles
Aggregators
Book
Sellers
Jobbers
Local
Users
Local
Visitors
Worldwide
Users
Partners
Libraries
Search
Engines
Utilities
Consortia
Social
Sites
Scaling privacy and security
Web-scale Management Services
for Libraries
Data
Workflow
Accession &
Description
Access,
Circulation, &
Delivery
Discovery
Identification
& Selection
Acquisition
Deaccession &
Preservation
Library
Users Suppliers
Partners
Data
Web-scale Management Components
Cooperative
Intelligence
Unified
Selection &
AcquisitionsCirculation
WorldCat Local
Cataloging
Library
Users Suppliers
Partners
Subscriptions
& License
Management
Workflow
Engine
The Software
1: Discover items in WorldCat and add titles to an order
2: Place your order: email, print, batch
3: Patron discovers titles in WorldCat Local
4: Staff checks out the title to the patron
5: Patron self-service account
Advisory Council, Pilots,
& Early Adopters
Next steps: Strategy
Helene Blowers
Digital Strategy Director,
Columbus Metropolitan Library
John HelmerExecutive Director,
Orbis Cascade Alliance
Jan Ison
Executive Director,
Lincoln Trail Libraries System
David Lankes
Associate Professor,
Syracuse University
Web scale Management Services Library Advisory CouncilStrategic direction, reality checks and moral support
Sarah McHughStatewide Projects
Librarian, Montana State
Library
Mary PiorunAssociate Director,
University of Mass.
Medical Center Library
Tim RogersExecutive Director,
NCLIVE
John TeskeyDirector of Libraries,
University of New
Brunswick
Andrew PaceOCLC, ex officio
Tested by pilot libraries
Orbis Cascade Alliance
• Linfield College
• Washington State University
Pepperdine University Libraries
Idaho Commission for Libraries
• Boundary County District Library
• Payette Public Library
• Cooperative Information Network (CIN)
CPC (Craven, Pamlico, Carteret) Regional Libraries (NC)
Early adopters: Starting the user community
• Simpson University
• St. Thomas University Law Library
• Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
• University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
• Vanguard University
• Texas A&M San Antonio
Early adopters: Norway
The BIBSYS organization is a government agency under the
Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research and is organized as
a part of The Norwegian University of Science and Technology
(NTNU. In addition to the HE-institutions BIBSYS also provides ILS
services to The National Library of Norway and other
governmental and private institutions.
The BIBSYS Consortium has been active for 37 years. The main
service is a highly Integrated Library System (ILS) built around a
single joint catalogue: More than 100 institutions share the same
bibliographic records with addition of their own holdings and
classification.
Observations so far…
From Early Adopters‘ Perspective—
Foremost concern is not disrupting patrons
Discovery cannot be separated from Management System
A NextGen Catalog as the sole OPAC is a new and sometimes
uncomfortable concept
WorldCat as local catalog is a new and sometimes uncomfortable
concept
• Accustomed to ‗hiding places‘ for some records.
• WorldCat still perceived as union catalog.
• Local display and searching of local metadata in WorldCat
Observations so far…
From WMS Team‘s Perspective—
Already seeing early epiphanies of the power of cloud-based
management.
• Allowing for cataloging further upstream, benefiting patrons.
• Allowing for sharing of traditionally siloed data (e.g. course reserve
lists; vendor data).
• ‗Hidden‘ local collections are shared globally.
Changing library workflows & resourcing.
• Cataloging staff are now Acquisitions staff and vice versa.
• Reference staff role as OPAC searching experts is eroding.
WMS—Scaling Globally
Circulation
Workflow
IDM/UDS
User Interface Cookbook
Acquisitions
Vendor Information Centre
License
Management
KnowledgeBase
WorldCat
Infrastructure
Being Global: WMS Product & Development team
3 continents, 5 countries, 12 cities
Management Platform
WMS—Scaling Savings
More than an application—
Web-scale Management Services
represent a platform
Today‘s problem
• The difficulties of establishing an effective infrastructure for
community collaboration and innovation
• Very little economy of scale
• A real need to move from library solutions and software
development as an individual ―hobby‖ to a core industry
business activity
The Black Box System
And
Library innovation is a
―Cottage Industry‖
Library collections are largely inaccessible and unaddressable.
Why cloud computing is different
“If you think that you know better
than ‘the cloud’, you don’t.”-Geoffrey Moore
“Core Content and the Cloud”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0swJCYLH2C
Towards a developers‘ platform for library
management services
• The cloud should not stifle library innovation—it should
better enable it
• Discovery layer APIs are only the tip of the iceberg
• Next-generation solutions must enable levels of access for
local development and participation unparalleled in the
history of library automation
Cloud Computing
Infrastructure Platform Applications Services
Required OCLC Cloud Infrastructure Web-scale Management Services for libraries
Value-add Definition:
The exclusive difference is the
“network effect” that bringing all
our members together provides.
Our cooperative efforts will
create scale savings and
efficiencies, bring wider
recognition for libraries, provide
cooperative intelligence for
better decision-making, and
provide the platform on which
libraries can innovate.
How the platform works
Your application here
Example: Putting a Bestseller Widget
into AcquisitionsLive Demo anyone?
Installing the Bestseller Widget from the
Application Gallery
Example: Putting a Bestseller Widget
into Acquisitions
Example: Working with external services:
The Amazon Budget Widget
Price: $8.86
Current Budget: 4,573.21 Remaining Budget: 4,357.29Current Budget: 4,573.21 Remaining Budget: 4,348.43
―The application platform will allow us to
develop power tools that could really, really
streamline operations for staff.‖
Kyle Banerjee, Digital Services Program Manager
Orbis Cascade Alliance (pilot participant)
Putting things together:
The value of a library cooperative
Top reasons that OCLC Web-scale Management
Services define a different future
• Concentration of sharable data
• Built by the community: WorldCat, holdings, vendors, etc.
• Added for the community: knowledge base, evaluative content, etc.
• Innovative and enabling technology
• At best, other services are “hosted” in the cloud
• System is Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) by design
• Provides a Platform on which to build extended services
• Built on a real workflow engine
• Global collaborative community
• OCLC is uniquely positioned to add the OCLC network to the data,
services, and infrastructure that is being offered
• Allows cooperative intelligence among libraries
• Allows cooperative workflows between libraries
Top reasons that OCLC Web-scale Management
Services define a different future
• Concentration of sharable data
• Built by the community: WorldCat, holdings, vendors, etc.
• Added for the community: knowledge base, evaluative content, etc.
• Innovative and enabling technology
• At best, other services are “hosted” in the cloud
• System is Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) by design
• Provides a Platform on which to build extended services
• Built on a real workflow engine
• Global collaborative community
• OCLC is uniquely positioned to add the OCLC network to the data,
services, and infrastructure that is being offered
• Allows cooperative intelligence among libraries
• Allows cooperative workflows between libraries
―OCLC is the organization we should be
working with. If we had to start from scratch,
we‘d want to create a nonprofit, member-
driven international organization to oversee
this activity. The concept is right and the
organization is right.‖
John F. Helmer
Executive Director
Orbis Cascade Alliance
(Web-scale Library Advisory Council Member)
OCLC Web-scale as a ―revolutionary approach‖
“...companies distinguish
themselves through
defining different
futures for their library
customers.”
— Marshall Breeding
SCELC Colloquium
11 May 2010