Zadok sustainable tourism 21 june 2012

©Author: Zadok Severin LEMPERT, PhD

SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM

Sustainable/Responsible/Eco-Tourism

Sustainability and Tourism

Sasin Centre for Sustainability Management 21 June 2012

SUSTAINABILITY and TOURISM

Zadok S. Lempert, PhD Professor for Sustainability Management & Tourism Development


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT: Knowing / Understanding the problem =

Enables Providing Most of the Solution* / ** (*= Ideas, Concept, Proposal, Legislation, Definitions, Rules & Guidelines, Implementation, Audits) (**= And this is when the “troubles” begin… )


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



ENVIRONMENT as it should be:


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM





SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM





SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM





SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: Sustainable Development

People depend on nature's capital, i.e. on nature's steady

supply of basic requirements for life, for example energy for

heat and mobility, quality food and water for healthy living,

ecological sinks for waste absorption. Therefore, diminishing

our planet's natural capital will lead to the destruction of

humanity's own home.

Environmentally / Economically Sustainable Development

is envisaged as leading to the management of all resources in

a way, and at a rate which enables people to meet their needs

now without compromising the ability of future generations to

meet their own needs. (Brundland Report, 1987)


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: Sustainable Development

Agenda 21 is the action plan for sustainable development for

the 21st century adopted by world leaders at the United

Nations Conference on Environment and Development

(UNCED) - the Earth Summit - held in Rio de Janeiro in June

1992.

Each local authority should enter into a dialogue with its citizens,

local organisations, and private enterprises, and adopt a "local

agenda 21". Through consultation and consensus building, local

authorities would learn from citizens and from local, civic,

community, business and industrial organisations and acquire the

information needed for formulating the best strategies.

„Development that delivers basic environmental, social and

economic services to all, without threatning the viability of

the ecological and community systems upon which these

systems depend“ (ICLEI definition – International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives)


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



ENVIRONMENT as we make it (problems):


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



ENVIRONMENT as we make it (problems):


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



Everyone* wants Tourism - (*= Government & Public Sector, Private Sector, Industries, Individuals)

It is a strong Economic Development** Factor ! (**= Investments, Forex, Infra-Structure, Real-Estates, Hospitality and Gastronomy, Agriculture and Food, Transportation, Trade, SMEs, Handicraft, Education, Entertainment, Communication = Work and Income)


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



(Sample of Contents of a course:)

Impacts of Tourism – general

Impacts of Tourism on the global environment

Environmental damages of other industries

Impacts of Tourism on socio-cultures

Impacts of Tourism on the economy

Economic potential of Eco-Tourism – facts and statements

Impacts of EcoTourism

About Sustainable Tourism - definitions and statements

About Eco-Tourism - definitions and statements


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



During the past four decades Tourism has become a major international industry, with many countries all over the world relying on the income it produces.

Its economic advantages as a major source of foreign exchange and employment lead to its active promotion by governments and other institutions.

The consequences on the environment, however, were long neglected as economic development was more important.

The fact that “Environment” is a major “natural” integrated factor in the “tourism menu” has now also been recognized.


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



Infrastructure (roads, habitat, electricity, water, public transportation, civil services, jobs = Urbanisation


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



The demands of tourism can, however, also contribute to the destruction of the natural and cultural environment upon which it depends. It is essential to find ways to protect those environments and cultures for the present and future generations.

The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential to tourism.

However, tourism's relationship with the environment is complex. It involves many activities that can have adverse environmental effects. Many of these impacts are linked with the construction of general infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels, restaurants, shops, golf courses and marinas.

The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy the natural environmental resources on which it depends.


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



Uncontrolled conventional tourism poses potential threats to many natural areas around the world.

It can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as soil erosion, increased pollution, discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss, increased pressure on endangered species and heightened vulnerability to forest fires. It often puts a strain on water resources, and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources.


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



Tourism‘s main impact areas, excluding cultural and financial influence, can be defined as: - Natural resources: Depletion of natural resources: Forests, Water, Local Resources, Land

Degradation; - Pollution: Air, Water, Noise, Waste (solid, liquid, littering), Sewage; Aesthetic; - Physical impacts: Destruction of Ecosystems and Landscapes through Construction,

Deforestation, unsustainable Agro-Landuse, Marinas, Anchoring, Golf-Courses

- Environmental impacts at global level: Migration of Foreign Species, No Boundaries for Sicknesses,

Contribution to Climate Change;


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



See the beautiful beach….?


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: Triple-Bottom-Line Principle

The integrated management approach within sustainable development:

ECONOMIC - ECOLOGIC - SOCIAL


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: Sustainable / Ecotourism

While the details vary, most definitions of Sustainable and

Eco-Tourism boil down to a special form of tourism that

meets three win-win-win criteria:

1) it provides for environmental conservation

2) it includes meaningful community participation

3) it is profitable and can sustain itself.

UNEP Criteria:

- Contributes to conservation of biodiversity.

- Sustains the well being of local people.

- Includes an interpretation / learning experience.

- Involves responsible action on the part of tourists and the

tourism industry.

- Is delivered primarily to small groups by small-scale businesses.

- Requires the lowest possible consumption of non-renewable

resources.

- Stresses local participation, ownership and business

opportunities, particularly for rural people.


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: Sustainable / Ecotourism

EcoTourism participants obtain certificates. The following

principles should be followed by everyone who implements

and participates in ecotourism activities:

Minimize impact

Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect

Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts

Provide direct financial benefits for conservation

Provide financial benefits and empowerment for local

people

Raise sensitivity to host countries' political,

environmental, and social climate

Support international human rights and labour

agreements


SU

ST

AIN

AB

LE

/ R

ESP

ON

SIB

LE

/

EC

O-T

OU

RISM



THANK YOU

Technology

Zadok sustainable tourism 21 june 2012