Spain Builds an AmericanBy. Cameron, Rachel, Tyson, and Taylor

Essential Questions

Why do you think the Spaniards used the natives to work under the encomienda systems?

What pursued the Spanish to explore new lands?

Christopher Columbus

Genaese sea captain Planned to travel around Africa to

eastern Asia (East Indies) Miscalculated and ended up in the

Caribbean Islands On April 3, 1492 he found present day

South America

First Encounters in the New World

Named the native people Indians (called them that because he miss calculated and thought he was in the east indies)

Exchanged many gifts with the native people

He claimed the land for Spain He went to other islands to find riches

and gold-also claimed these lands for Spain

First Encounters in the New World

Returned to Spain in early 1493 Returned to their newly found lands for

two more voyages Goal: turn the Caribbean islands into

colonies

Other Explorers Take to Sea

Pedro Alvares Cabral, a Portuguese explorer claimed modern day brazil

Amerigo Vespucci, Italian worker for Portugal, traveled to the coast of South America-Claimed that this new land was not apart of Asia but rather was a new world

In 1507 a German mapmaker named the new continent America

Ferdinand Magellan

Led a expedition with 250 men, and five ships

Sailed around the southern end of South America into the Pacific ocean

Explored Guam and reached the Philippines

Only 18 men and one ship returned back to their homeland

First people to circumnavigate the world

Spanish Conquest in Mexico

Hernando Cortes- a Spaniard who landed on the shores of Mexico

Conquistadors- Cortes followers traveled to new Mexico to look for gold and silver

The Spanish were the first European settlers to claim land in the new world

Cortés conquers the Aztecs

In late spring Cortés and his men killed Aztec warriors and chiefs

June 1520 Aztecs rebelled against Spanish and drove out Cortés's forces

1521 Cortes men conquered the Aztecs again-Had better weapons

Spaniards brought disease that killed hundreds of thousands of native Americans and Aztecs

Spanish conquest in Peru

Francisco Pizarro- a conquistador who marched a small force into south America; conquered the Incan empire

Atahualpa- Incan ruler -Spaniards ambushed and crushed Incan forces, kidnapped ruler -Atahualpa gave Pizarro one room of gold, two rooms of silver, in return for his release -They strangled him and then the Spaniards conquered the Incans in 1533

Spain’s patterns of conquest

Peninsulares- the Spanish settlers in the Americas

Mestizo- mixed Spanish and native American population

Encomienda- Spanish forced the Native Americans to work within a system -under system natives farmed and minded for Spanish landlords

The Portuguese in Brazil

They found little gold and silver there So they began growing sugar

Spainish influence expands

Spanish colonies in America helped make Spain one of the richest nations in the world of the 16th century

Spain's wealth lead to a golden age of art and culture.

To protect its riches Spain developed a strong navy

Conquistadors push north

In 1540-1541 after building an empire from Mexico to Peru Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led an expedition throughout present day NM, TX, OK and KS to search for a wealthy empire to conquer.

In the winter of 1609-1610 Pedro de Peralta governor of Spanish holdings in New Mexico led settlers to build a capital called Santa Fe or Holy Faith. Scattered forts around these parts became the headquarters of the catholic church

Opposition to Spanish Rule

Spanish priests spread Christianity in the Americas but also for better treatment of the natives

In particular they criticized the encomidenda system

It was a system of labor that treated the natives poorly; priest did not support this. It was later abolished in1542.

Native resistance

In 1493 the Native Americans fought Columbus for the island of St Croix the natives eventually surrender but put up a good fight with poisonous arrows.

Eventually in 1680 pope led a rebellion against the Spanish. In involved 8000 warriors. Pope and his army drove the Spanish back to new Spain but in next 12 years Spain regained control and the land they regained became the future united States. (New Mexico)