Concrete historical timeline

Beton Technical

Historical Timeline

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Concrete – Historical TimelineHolcim Vietnam

Concrete – Historical timeline

6500 BC

A form of concrete dating to 6500 B.C. was discovered by archaeologists in Syria. The Image is "One of the dead towns in northern Syria."

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6500 B.C.

The earliest concrete yet discovered in Europe was developed along the Danube River in Yugoslavia. Stone age hunters /fishermen mixed red lime, sand, gravel and water to construct floors for their huts.

3000 B.C.

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3000 BC

Chinese used cementitious materials to hold bamboo together in their boats and in the Great Wall. The Chinese used concrete in Gansu Province in northwest china. "It was greenish-black in color, it was used for floors and contained a cement mixed with sand, broken pottery, bones and water."

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2500 BC

Egyptians used mud mixed with straw to bind dried bricks. Also furthered the discovery of lime and gypsum mortar as a binding agent for building the Pyramids.

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800 B.C.+ In 800 B.C. The Babylonians and Assyrians used a bitumen to bind stone and bricks. This allowed them to combine both large and small stone objects together.

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600 B.C.

+ In 600 B.C., "The Greeks discovered a natural pozzolan on Santorini Island that developed hydraulic properties when mixed with lime. This made it possible to produce concrete that would harden under water, as well as in the air."

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400 B.C.

Petra (Greek, "city of rock"), ancient city of Arabia, southwestern Jordan.

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300 B.C.

+ Romans used slaked lime a volcanic ash called pozzuolana, found near Pozzouli by the bay of Naples.

+ They used lime as a cementitious material.

+ Pliny reported a mortar mixture of 1 part lime to 4 parts sand.

+ Vitruvius reported a 2 parts pozzuolana to 1 part lime. Animal fat, milk, and blood were used as admixtures.

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193 B.C. Porticus Aemelia is made of bound stones to form concrete.

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75 B.C.

Romans use a pozzolanic, hydraulic cement to build the theater at Pompeii and the Roman baths. The cement was a ground mix of lime and a volcanic ash containing silica and alumina. This volcanic material was discovered near Pozzouli, Italy, hence the name pozzolanic cement.

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44 B.C.

The Palatine Hill is one of the most ancient parts of the city of Rome Italy It is some 70 meters high

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25 B.C.

An ancient harbor at Caesarea, Israel was commissioned and built by Herod the Great. Built using hydraulic concrete to construct breakwaters. Caesarea is located half way between Tel Aviv and Haifa along the Mediterranean in Israel.

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79 AD.

Pompeii is a ruined Roman city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the commune of Pompeii. It was destroyed and completely buried during a catastrophic eruption of the volcano Mount Vesuvius on 24 Aug 79 AD

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82 AD.

The Colosseum is completed using large amounts of Roman concrete.

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80 AD.

Roman Army engineers built Aqueducts to serve many of the major cities of the empire. Shown here is a part of the original 56 mile aqueduct between Eiffel and Cologne built by the Romans in 80 AD. The inside measurements of this section are 44 inches high and 30 inches wide, with approximately 15-inch walls.

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700

Saxons built concrete mixers in the form of shallow bowls cast into bedrock. A beam fixed with paddles rotated about a central post hole that was human or animal powered.

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128 AD.The Pantheon is completed.

This 142 ft. diameter un-reinforced concrete dome remained the largest spanning dome until it was surpassed in 1913.

It is made of aggregates that vary in density from basalt in the foundations, through brick and volcanic tuff in the upper walls, to the lightest of pumice at the top.

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1173Pisa Tower - Italy

The height of the tower 56.70 m (186.02 ft) on the high side.

The width of the walls the base is 4.09 m (13.42 ft) the top 2.48 m (8.14 ft).

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1824

Joseph Aspdin of England is credited with the invention of modern portland cement. He named his cement portland, after a rock quary that produced very strong stone.

Portland Cement Invented

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1836

The first test of tensile and compressive strength took place in Germany

Cement strength testing

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1854

William B. Wilkinson, an English plasterer, erected a small reinforced concrete two-story servant's cottage.

He reinforced the concrete floor and roof with iron bars and wire rope. This is credited as the first reinforced concrete building.

First reinforced concrete

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1850

1850 - The first concrete roads appeared in Austria.

1865 in England

1891 in Bellefontaine, Ohio US

concrete road

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1871

David O. Saylor established the first portland-cement plant in the United States in Coplay, Pennsylvania.

vertical kilns produce Portland cement

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1889

The first concrete reinforced bridge was built in San Francisco. Alvord Lake Bridge still exists today, over two hundred years after it was built!

Alvord Lake Bridge

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1901

Arthur Henry Symons designed a column clamp to be used with job-built concrete forms

Column clamp - Concrete form

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1902

Thomas Edison was a pioneer in the further development of the rotary kiln, which allows for continuous production cement

Rotary Kiln

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1904Making first concrete block

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1904

Floor : 16

High: 64m

The Ingalls building

Cincinnati , Ohio

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1905

As the concrete industry begins its boom a group at the concrete convention in Indianapolis sees a need for a group to oversee the industry.

The National Association of Cement Users is formed, which will later be renamed the American Concrete Institute. The groups’ objective is to promote knowledge of the art of cement, while promoting efficiency through teaching and research.

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1908

Thomas Edison designed and built the first concrete homes in Union, New Jersey

Concrete Homes

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1913

The first load of ready mix was delivered in Baltimore, Maryland.

The first patent for a concrete pump was filed. This made concrete transportation easy and allowed on site mixing.

Ready mix concrete & concrete pump

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1914

3 pairs of concrete locks with floors as thick as 6.1m (20 feet) and walls as thick as 18.3 m (60 feet) at the bottom

Panama Canal

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1915

In Italy, Matte Trucco built the Fiat automobile factory Lingotti, Turin five-story reinforced concrete used.

Especially , Fiat ‘s roof top test track

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1915 Lynn Mason Scofield the first company to produce color for concrete.

Colored concrete

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1916

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1928Pre-stressed concrete

Năm 1921, Eugène Freyssinet, French civil engineer built two air hangars with barabolic curved shape at Orly Airport - Paris1928 - Eugene Freyssinet successfully develops pre-stressed concrete.

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1936

The Hoover Dam was built along the Colorado River, bordering Arizona and Nevada. It was the largest scale concrete project ever completed.

Hoover Dam

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1950’s

Brad Bowman developed the Bomanite process, the original cast-in-place, colored, textured and imprinted architectural concrete paving, in the middle 1950's in Monterey, California.

Decorative Concrete Developed

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1967

The first concrete domed sports arena, known as the Assembly Hall, was built at the University of Illinois.

Concrete Sports Dome

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1967

Stage I (1959–1963) consisted of building the upper podium.

Stage II (1963–1967) saw the construction of the outer shells.

Stage III (1967–1973) consisted of the interior design and construction.

Sydney Opera House

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1970’s

Fiber reinforcement was introduced as a way to strengthen concrete

Fiber Reinforcement

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1980’s

Buddy Rhodes, the father of the concrete countertop, cast his first countertop in the mid '80s. Around the same time, Fu-Tung Cheng also cast his first concrete countertop

Concrete countertop

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1980’s

The mid 1980’s - Japan: the development of self-compacting

1993 – Sweden : Research into self-compacting concrete, vibrating-free concrete, Europe’s first bridge built of self-com pacting concrete was Swedish.

Self-compacting concrete

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311 South Wacker Drive - Chicago,

High: 293 m

Floors: 65

1990

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Concrete – Historical timelinePetronas Twin Towers,

Kuala Lampur, Malasia

High: 452 m

Floors: 88

1996

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Portland Cement Association said at least 104 million tons of concrete was recycled in 1997 in the United States.

Late twentieth century sees the development of mobile concrete recycling machines.

1997Recycled concrete

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As part of the seismic retrofit design of the Richmond - San Rafael Bridge, Ben C. Gerwick, Inc. developed a concept of using precast concrete jackets to strengthen the existing concrete piers. Unlike steel jackets, concrete jackets can be designed to resist corrosion in the aggressive tidal-splash zone for the remaining 100-year life expectancy of the bridge.

1998

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Concrete – Historical timelineSunniberg Bridge, Switzerland

An extradosed bridge employs a structure that is frequently described as a cross between a girder bridge and a cable stayed bridge

1998

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HTC, originally a Swedish company, introduced concrete polishing to the United States.

The first installation in the US was a 40,000-square-foot warehouse floor for the Bellagio in Las Vegas.

The popularity of polished concrete has soared in just the few short years it has been around, it is now being used in retail locations and even residential homes

1999

Polished concrete

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BIG DIG - Boston 10-lane asymmetrical bridge that spans the Boston skyline. At 185 feet it is the largest cable-stayed bridge and the first of its kind in the US. It also has a pre-cast tunnel system that will serve as Boston's artery connecting downtown to the airport.

2000

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Jubilee Church, Rome, Italy 2003

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Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge, Boston.

2003

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Concrete – Historical timelineAuditorium De Tenerife,

Santiago Calatrava, Canary Islands, Spain 2003

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Concrete – Historical timelineMilau Viaduct.

2005

Tallest concrete bridge piers in the world at 200m.

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China's Three Gorges Dam

High: 185 m

Long: 1983 m

Reservoir : 660 km

2009

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Buji Khalifa - Dubai

High: 828 m

Floors: 162

2010

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Concrete has been made up of

Mud

Red lime BitumenLime

Gypsum

BinderVolcanic ash

Pozzolana

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Concrete has been made up of

Straw

Gravel

Broken pottery

Frame

bones

bamboo

Sand

stone

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Concrete Advance timeline

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Concrete – structure Timeline

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TOP 5 World’s TALLEST TOWER

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TOP 5 World’s TALLEST TOWER

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Concrete historical timeline