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In the Shadows of Giants:
Japan, Korea, and the Indochinese Peninsula
Japan:
• Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu, Hokkaido
• Temperate climate• Mountains and
valleys• Ethnic
Homogeneity: Japanese and Ainu
Foundations of Japanese Society
• Our source material:– Archaeology– Chinese observers– Mythological accounts
• Wei chronicles of Japan
• Jimmu-tenno: First Human Emperor
Shintoism• Cosmogonical deities• Ameratsu and the
Land of the Rising Sun
• Kami and the uncanny in nature
• Shrines and ritual observance
• Tsumi and ritual improproety
The Asuka Period• Uji and Yamato
leadership• Buddhism and Soga
patronage• Shotoku Taishi and
Tang models• The Rise of the
Fujiwaras• The Taika Reforms
– Imperial land ownership– Tax assessments– State Shintoism
Imperial Culture
• The Nara Period:– Diffusion of Buddhism– Codification of Shinto– The Fujiwaras and
indirect rule• The Heian Period
– Pure Land Buddhism– The Tale of Genji– The Northern Tribes
and the Shogun
The Crisis of Late Heian Society
• Aristocratic landlords and tax-exemption
• Voluntary land concentration
• Cloister government• The Gempei War
(1180-1185): the Taira and the Minamoto
The Kamakura Period• From courtier to
samurai• Bushido• Zen and the Art of
War• The Shogunate:
indirect rule at its zenith
• Bakufu in action• Repulsion of the
Mongols (1268-81)
Towards Modernity: The Ashikaga Shogunate
• Northern and Southern divisions
• Ikkis• The Onin War (1467-77)• The Economic
Transformation of Japan:– Transportation– Economies of scale– Noble demands and
merchant organization– Chinese trade
• The Golden Age of Japanese Art (1378-1490)
Korea
• The Land in-between• Arable land and
demographic distribution
• Neolithic and Bronze Age Korea
• Enter the Han• Cultural Conduit
The Three Kingdoms
• Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla
• Wood-block and the Tripitaka Koreana
• Shamanism and Chinese religion
• Unified Silla and tributary status
Later Korean History• Collapse of Silla• Foundation of the
Koryo• Culture: celadon, for
example• Social patterns:
– Codification– Buddhism as center of
life– Manorialism
The Indochinese Peninsula
• Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar
• Climatic patterns• The Giants: India and
China
Vietnam
• Red River delta culture• Chinese domination (111 BC – 938 AD)• The Trung Sisters’ Rebellion• Dai-Viet independence• The Golden Age of the Ly Dynasty
Cambodia and Thailand
• The Khmer and Indian borrowings
• The Khmer Empire• Angkor Wat• The fall of the
Khmers• The Thai migration
Summary
Societies in East and Southeast Asia grew up in the shadows of the larger nations of China and India. China especially cast a long shadow over the history of its neighbors, whose rulers were conceived of as “little brothers” of the great Chinese emperor, regardless of dynasty. Nevertheless, reflection on the history of these lands reveals a considerable degree of autonomous cultural identity, perhaps none so fierce as that of Japan.