IUCN TAPAS group introduction to concessions workshop

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Introduction to the meeting: Concessioning tourism opportunities in conservation

areas and maximising rural development

Jim Barborak, Anna Spenceley & Rita Casimiro

19 March 2012, Girassol Indy, Maputo

USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo

Values of Partnerships are Recognized!

� Partnerships in PA management was a key theme as long ago as the 1992 World Parks Congress (Venezuela)

� The Tourism Sessions at the last World Parks Congressagreed that more work on the subject is warranted

� Major donors (IFC in Mozambique, Indonesia), IDB in Brazil, World Bank, GEF, USAID, interested in topic

� CBD specific has more equitable distribution of costs and benefits of biodiversity conservation as a goal and poverty alleviation is a global development priority

� Tourism to PAs is growing in many parts of the world

� Demand for PAs to generate revenue for their own budgets and to produce more tangible economic benefits locally and nationally is growing


PA Governance and

Institutional Aspects

Traditional view

� PAs are government owned, government managed, and government designated

Current View

� PAs can be owned or managed by all levels of government, NGOs, private land owners, communities and tribes

� Good management of any PA requires a range of actors from the public and private sectors

� Planning and management should be participatory and adaptive

� Privatization, devolution of control, local empowerment, and decentralization becoming more common

�USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo

Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve,

Costa Rica� Owned/managed by NGO

� Nearly 100K visitors/yr

� Endowment and robust business plan, science/monitoring program

� Now 1 of over 100 private reserves in CR network, cover over 1% of country

� Building corridors to coast

� Spawned other private, public reserves that nearly ring it

� Benefits from environmental service payments system

� Generates surplus used to create and manage other reserves

� Gift shop generates much revenue


The California Concessions Workshop

� Organized in 2011 by US National Park

Service and Colorado State University with

support from World Commission on Protected

Areas and UNESCO World Heritage Centre

� Brought together 40 concessionaires,

government and NGO reps and academics to

discuss best practices in public private

partnerships for tourism management in parks


Recommendations from Workshop

� Recommended publication of best practices

manual, replication of similar workshops

regionally to promote public private

partnerships

� Representatives from Asia, Africa, Latin

America, Europe and North America

� Consensus that the field of public private

partnerships for managing tourism in PAs

merits increased attention and funding

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USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo

Background to the meeting - regional

� African Safari Lodges workshop on nature-

tourism and poverty reduction - Ford

Foundation – 2008

� IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas

(WCPA) Tourism and Protected Areas

Specialist group - initiative on Tourism

Concessions

� USAID-SPEED initiative on concessions

manual for Mozambique


Objectives of the meeting

� Review best practices and challenges from

southern Africa

� Build capacity regionally on tourism

concessions

� Strengthen networks and communication

between interested stakeholders


Presentations and working sessions

� Concessions models – how these can contribute to achieving national conservation objectives

� Concessions processes (i.e. tenders, applications, concession contrat management)

� Legal and institutional frameworks

� Sustainable tourism and rural development

� Guidance for planning and implementing concessions

� Field trip to Maputo Special Reserve (cancelled)

� Review of draft concessions manual for Mozambique


Agenda

Thursday 22 March- Day 4 : Working group review of Mozambique Manual - 8.30-12.30


Outputs

� Finalisation of Mozambican concessions

manual

� Report reviewing status of concessions

� Contributions to:

� IUCN Best Practice guidelines on sustainable

tourism (2nd edition)

� PARKS special edition

� World Conservation Congress (WCC) (2012)

� World Parks Congress (WPC) (2014)

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Concessions 101

“Concessioning tourism opportunities”

� Tourism Concessions - granting of

(delegation) rights to develop tourism

activities and infrastructures in PA and

subject to (conservation) public interest:

� Unilaterally, in the form of a (Special) License

� In a mutually agreed manner, in the form of a

Concession Contract


Concessions 101

“in conservation areas”

� Protected Areas – (IUCN) area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biodiversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means.

� Totally Protected Zones, part of the State public domain

� Part of a National management System


Concessions 101

� Concessions regime – ownership of tourism development rights in PA

� State (own right)

� Communities (devolved by State or co-ownership)

� Community (Lessor)

� Private Sector (service provider, investor or shareholder)


Concessions 101

� Concessions models:

� Licensing of activities in PA

� Contractual assignment of rights:

� Over the whole PA, a Co-management contract with the private sector, involving or not a SPV

� Over specific areas/sites, a Concession contract:

� Directly with the Private Sector

� Directly with Local Communities (or other appointed entity) requiring private sector subsequent involvement


Concessions 101

� Concession contracts:

� Public-Private-Partnerships� Concession - BOT, DBOT, BOOT, DBOOT, ROT and

ROOT

� Lease or Affermage

� Management

� Community-Public-Private-Partnerships� Sub-concession

� Lease or Affermage

� Management

� Services provisions


Concessions 101

� Tourism Users Fees - market-based funding mechanisms:

� Entrance Fees

� Concession or Franchise Fees

� Licenses and Permits (activities) Fees

� Tourism-based taxes

� In Mozambique:

� Entrance Fees

� Recreational and Other activities Fees

� Area Occupation Fees

(together, the Legal Fees)

� Tourism-based taxes (licensing and permits)

� Contractual contributions:

� Community / social responsibility

� Conservation / environmental responsibility

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Concessions 101

� Tourism concessions development

processes:

� Legal Framework

� Planning

� Procurement

� Contracting

� Management

� Monitoring

� Enforcement

Travel

IUCN TAPAS group introduction to concessions workshop