The English in North AmericaCharla Lopez

New England• Most Chesapeake settlers were poor and

short lived indentured servants, new England attracted primarily “middling sorts” who preserved their freedom because they could pay their own way across the Atlantic.

• Most New England lived in a more demanding faith than the Anglicanism practiced by the Chesapeake.

• Puritans meant to purify the protestant faith in England if possible, in new England of necessary.

• New England farmers utilized their own family to labor and build their especially demanding farms. Family kept New England more egalitarian in the distribution of property and power rather than the richer Chesapeake elite planters exploited labor of servants and slaves.

Puritans• Without any authority to enforce orthodoxy many radical

puritans became separatists and formed independent congregations.

• The numerous autonomous separatist congregations split in their beliefs and practices forming many distinct sects.

• Puritans were incorrigible doers, seeking out the preached word, reading scriptures, perfecting their morality,

and proposing radical schemes for improving society and disciplining the unruly and indolent.

Power in the people• Local majorities influenced the

disgruntled minority factions to search out new locations where they hoped to enforce their own rules and obtain better lands.

• Despite new England not being the wealthiest English colonial region, it was the healthiest, most populous, and most egalitarian in distributing of property.

• New England's diversified farms were safer from disruption by the boom and bust price cycle than southern plantations specializing in a staple crop for external market.

• New England magistrates and church congregations routinely protected women(sometimes men) from insult and abuse. This was much different than in England and the Chesapeake.

New EnglandBest Colony

• The development of the fishing trade rescued puritans region economy, but they had to deal with the defiant folk they meant to leave behind in England.

• Orthodox New England culture and society evolved the 17th into the 18th century, carrying its core principles till the end, especially the commitment to a moral, educated, commercial, and homogeneous population.

• New England was a land of relative equality, broad yet moderate opportunity, and thrifty, industrious and entrepreneurial habits that sustained an especially variable and intricate economy. The region sustained large healthy families, well balanced gender ratio and long life, promoted social stability and the steady accumulation of family property and its transfer from one generation to the next. Nowhere else in colonial America did colonists enjoy readier access to public worship and quite universal education.

• The puritans refused to take comfort in their accomplishments thus reflecting how thoroughly puritan they remained.

Carolina• Carolina mostly attracted farmers and

artisans of modest means, drawn from both the Chesapeake and west indies. At least a third of the early Carolinians began as indentured servants, from either Barbados or England.

• A study of long lived early settlers reveals that the average Carolina freedman (servants who eventually gained independence of their own land)accumulated more than 350 acres of land before death

• In 1724 a clergyman explained that Carolinas sought “to make Indians & Negros a checque upon each other, lest by their vastly superior numbers we could be crushed by one or the other.”

Destroying Indians• To pay for weapons, that they could neither

make nor repair, native clients raided other Indians for captives to sell as slaves-or they tracked and returned runaway Africans. The natives could not know that being drawn into the slave trade would destroy them all.

• Carolinians justified enslavement as beneficial for Indians, instead of execution of the captives they were exposed to Christian civilization among English purchasers.

• The gun and slave trade had been more successful than Spanish missions as instruments of colonial power.

Native Catastrophe • Coming to regret dangerous alliance

with Carolina, native Americans united with great success. Killing more than four hundred colonists and driving hundreds of refugees into Charles town during the spring and summer.

• The European intrusion into north America effected the Carolina Indians quite negatively, their numbers dwindled from the catastrophic combination of disease epidemics, rum consumption and slave raiding. Once guns and gunpowder natives owned began to grow scarce, rebels lost momentum.

Rice and Indigo

• While producing the appearance of white equality in a shared hegemony over black slaves, the plantation system increased the real inequalities of wealth and power between white men.

• After great planters helped themselves to large tracts in the lowlands for rice and indigo plantations, Their success dependent on forced labor of others, there was still much land in the piedmont for most common whites with substantial farms.