Thm 201 2 Tourism In Perspectives Chapter 1

Tourism In PerspectivesTourism In Perspectives

Chapter 1 : 2 HoursTHM-201 Tourism and Hospitality Management

Learning Objectives1. Understand what tourism is and its many

definitions.2. Learn the components of tourism and tourism

management.3. Examine the various approaches to studying

tourism.4. Appreciate how important this industry is to the

economy of the world and of many countries.5. Know the benefits and costs of tourism.

Contents1. What is Tourism and Hospitality2. Components of Tourism and Tourism

Management3. Benefits and Costs of Tourism4. Types of Tourism5. Tourism Life Cycle

1. What is Tourism

Tourism may be defined as the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among

• tourists, • tourism suppliers, • host governments, • host communities, and • surrounding environments

that are involved in the attracting and hosting of visitors.

1. What is Tourism• นกทองเทยวหรอผมาเยอน

คอผทเดนทางหาประสบการณทงทสมผสไดทางกายและจตใจ ซงวตถประสงคจะเปนตวกำาหนดกจกรรมและแหลงทองเทยวทนกทองเทยวเลอก

• ธรกจในอตสาหกรรมทองเทยว คอธรกจทผลตสนคาและการบรการเพอตอบสนองความตองในการเดนทางของนกทองเทยว ซงจะไดผลกำาไรจากการขายสนคาและบรการใหแกนกทองเทยว

• ภาครฐบาลทดแลการทองเทยว คอองคกรของรฐทจดตงขนเพอควบคมดแลการทองเทยวใหเปนไปตามนโยบายทวางไว ซงโดยสวนใหญจะใหความสำาคญกบการทองเทยวเพราะเปนแหลงรายไดทสำาคญ

• ชมชนในพนททองเทยว คอประชาชนทอาศยอยในพนทสำาหรบการทองเทยว อาจจะมสวนรวมในการเปนเจาของบานทดเพอตอนรบนกทองเทยว หรอใหบรการนกทองเทยวโดยตรง

1. What is Tourism

Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.

UNWTO

1. What is Tourism

TourismTourism is the study of man (the tourist) away from his usual habitat, of the touristic apparatus and networks responding to his various needs, and of the ordinary (where the tourist is coming from) and nonordinary (where the tourist goes to) worlds and their dialectic relationships.

(Jafari, J. 2000. Encyclopedia in Tourism. London: Routledge.)

1. What is Tourism

อตสาหกรรมการทองเทยวอตสาหกรรมการทองเทยว หมายถง อตสาหกรรมทจดใหมหรอบรการเกยวกบการทองเทยวทงภายในและภายนอกราชอาณาจกร โดยมคาตอบแทน และหมายรวมถง

1 . ธรกจนำาเทยว 2. ธรกจโรงแรมนกทองเทยว 3. ธรกจภตตาคาร สถานบรการและสถานทตากอากาศสำาหรบนกทอง

เทยว 4. ธรกจการขายของทระลกหรอสนคาสำาหรบนกทองเทยว 5. ธรกจกฬาสำาหรบนกทองเทยว 6. การดำาเนนงานนทรรศการ งานแสดง งานออกราน การโฆษณาเผย

แพร หรอการดำาเนนงานอนใด โดยมความมงหมาย เพอชกจงหรอสงเสรมใหมการเดนทางทองเทยว

(พรบ.การทองเทยวแหงประเทศไทย 2522, )

1. What is Tourism

A “visitor” is defined as those persons who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence but outside their usual environment for a period not exceeding twelve months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.

1. What is Tourism

Traveler Terminology1. Same-day visitors : Visitors who do

not spend the night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited

2. Tourists : Visitors who stay in the country visited for at least one night

1. What is Tourism

1. What is Tourism

..Hospitality..Hospitality is made up of two distinct services: the provision of overnight accommodation for people staying away from home (lodging), and the provision of sustenance for people eating away from home (food service)… (Jafari,2000)

“Lodging and Food service” / USA“Hotel and Catering” / UKA typical dictionary defines it as……….“kindness in welcoming strangers

or guests”.

Catering &Banquets

Food Service Industry

Lodging Industry

Hospitality Industry

MerchandiseComponent

Travel & Tourism

Transportation Industry

Restaurant separate from other business

clubs

BeverageEstablishments Ground

Transportation Industry

Maritime Industry

Airline Industry

F&B with other businesses

Clubs

ConventionHotels

Resorts

Hotels/Motels

InstitutionsTravel Agency

Industry

Tour OperatorIndustry

Recreation, Sportsand Entertainment

Hospitality and Tourism Network



2. Components of Tourism andTourism Management

1. Tourist 2. Natural Resources and Environment3. The Built Environment4. Operating Sectors of the Tourism

Industry5. Planning, Development, Promotion, and

Catalyst Organization

Travel Trade

Sector

AccommodationSector

Even

ts Se

ctor

TransportationSector

Adventure & Outdoor

Recreation SectorFood Services

Sector

National TravelIndustry

Associations

NationalGovernment

Tourism Offices

State and ProvincialGovernment

Tourism Offices

Local andCity Government

TourismDepartments

Local & RegionalTourism Associations/Convention & Visitor

Bureaus

State and ProvincialTravel IndustryAssociationsAttractions Sector

Enter

tainm

ent

Secto

r

Tourism

ServicesTourist



3. Benefits and Costs of Tourism

Provides employment opportunities Generates foreign exchange Increases Incomes Increases GNP Can be built on existing infrastructure Develops an infrastructure that will also

help stimulate local commerce and industry

Benefits of Tourism - Economic


Can be developed with local products and resources

Diversifies the economy Tends to be compatible with other

economic activities Spreads development High multiplier impact Increases governmental revenues

Benefits of Tourism - Economic


Broadens educational and cultural horizons Improves quality of life - higher incomes and

improved standards of living Justifies environmental protection and

improvement Provides tourist and recreational facilities

that may be used by a local population

Benefits of Tourism - Social

3. Benefits and Costs of Tourism Reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition Visitor interest in local culture provides employment for

artists, musicians and other performing artists enhancing cultural heritage

Breaks down language barriers, sociocultural barriers, class barriers, racial barriers, political barriers, and religious barriers

Creates a favorable worldwide image for a destination Promotes a global community Promotes international understanding and peace

Benefits of Tourism - Cultural


x Develops excess demand

x Results in high leakage

x Creates difficulties of seasonality

x Causes inflation

x Can result in unbalanced economic development

x Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes

Disadvantages of Tourism - Economic


• Creates social problems

• Degrades the natural physical environment and creates pollution

• Degrades the cultural environment

• Threatens family structure

• Commercializes culture, religion, and the arts

• Creates misunderstanding

• Creates conflicts in the host society

• Contributes to disease, economic fluctuation, and transportation problems

Disadvantages of Tourism - Social



4. Types of Tourism

1. International Tourism– Inbound Tourism : Visits to a country by

nonresidents– Outbound Tourism : Visits by residents of a

country to another country

2. Internal Tourism : Visits by residents and nonresidents of the country of reference

4. Types of Tourism

3. Domestic tourism : Visits by residents of a country to their own country

4. National tourism : Internal tourism plus outbound tourism (the resident tourism market for travel agents, airlines, and other suppliers)



5. Tourism Life Cycle

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5. Tourism Life Cycle

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Development

5. Tourism Life Cycle1. Exploration: A secret spot is discovered, no amenities, must

"go feral".2. Involvement: A few locally-run camps and a few

concessions are established.3. Development: A well defined tourism industry is developed

with advertising the destination4. Consolidation: Tourism become a dominant feature of the

local economy5. Stagnation: Tourism growth slows and carrying capacity is

reached, the area is no longer a new hotspot, maybe its overbuilt

6. Decline or rejuvination: Decline results as tourists choose other destinations, rejuvenation typically requires attracting a different kind of tourist.

Conclusion1. What is Tourism and Hospitality2. Components of Tourism and Tourism
