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Hydrochloric Acid Sodium Hydroxide
When we think of acids and bases we tend to think of science labs and chemicals…but did you know
Acids cause:
•Lemons to be sour
•Acid rain to eat away at sculptures
•Framed paintings to be damaged
•Cavities in your teeth
•Food to digest in your stomach
•Ants and bees use it to sting
Acids and Bases
Acids and Bases
Acids and Bases
Properties of Acids and Bases
Acids turn blue litmus red taste sour Acids corrode metals positively charged hydrogen ions (H+)
Bases turn red litmus blue taste bitter Negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH–) Feel slippery Most hand soaps and drain cleaners are bases Strong bases are caustic
Understanding the pH Scaleo pH stands for (presence of Hydrogen)o Numbered from 0 to 14.
o The lower the pH number – the higher Acido That means more Hydrogen Ions (H+)
o The higher the pH - the higher the Baseo That means less Hydrogen Ions (H+)
Acids and Bases
Animated explanation
Electrolytes
Mixture of chemicals that use H+ ions to conduct an electrical current.
Fluid that regulates the flow of nutrients into and waste products out of cells.
Where to find Electrolytes Car battery
Lemon Pickle
Several Types of Acids Hydrochloric Acid.
Stomach acid - has the sour taste of acid.
Acetic Acid An ingredient in vinegar.
Citric Acid Citrus fruits such as lemons, grapefruit, oranges, and
limes have citric acid in the juice.
Lactic Acid Sour milk, sour cream, yogurt, and cottage cheese
have lactic acid.
Strong Acids Nitric acid (HNO3)
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Strong Acids are acids that has many hydrogen ions
(many H+).
Weak Acids
Weak acids Are acids that have fewer hydrogen ions (fewer
H+).
Examples acetic acid boric acid
sea-water, in plants and especially in fruits carbonic acid
Found in our blood citric acid
Properties of Bases
Turn red litmus
taste bitter
Negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH–)
Feel slippery
Bases neutralize acids
Poisonous and can cause severe burns
Strong Bases are Caustic.
Some Common Bases
Ammonia The most widely used base Used in household cleaning materials Used as fertilizer
Calcium hydroxide Used to make mortar and plaster Used to help neutralize acid soil
Sodium hydroxide One of the strongest bases Used in oven cleaners and drain cleaners
Strong Bases Strong bases
Are bases that produce many hydroxide ions (OH-) when it is dissolved in water.
Are Caustic
Examples Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Weak Bases
Weak bases Are bases that produce few hydroxide ions
(OH-) when it is dissolved in water..
Examples Aluminum hydroxide
Quiz - Acids and Bases
1. Please list two properties of Acids.2. Please list two properties of Bases.3. True or False A strong Acid has many
OH- 4. Please name one type of Acid5. Why should you wear gloves when using
strong Bases?
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