Absolutism II

What is What is absolutismabsolutism??

AbsolutismAbsolutism is a form of monarchy that is not restricted by is a form of monarchy that is not restricted by anything (churches, constitutions, or law-making bodies).anything (churches, constitutions, or law-making bodies).

AN ABSOLUTE RULER RULES ABSOLUTELY!AN ABSOLUTE RULER RULES ABSOLUTELY!

B.B. The monarch The monarch would claim would claim divine rightdivine right – –

the power to the power to rule came rule came from God.from God.

French AbsolutismFrench Absolutism

Absolutism in France Multi Flow Map

Intendants who collected _______

were ____________

Built strongest_______ in

Europe

__________ lifestyle

Persecution of __________

LOUIS XIV’s IN

FRANCE

Strengthened _____________from support of ________

___________

_______ were costly & disrupted _______ ___ _________in Europe

______________ decline

______________ fled which _________

economy

taxes

army

Middle class

Huguenots

Extravagant

Middle class

monarchy

Economic

Of powerbalance

Wars

Huguenots hurt

Absolutism in FranceAbsolutism in FranceA.A. There were There were

between the between the Huguenots Huguenots

and and the the

majority (1560’s to 1590’s)majority (1560’s to 1590’s)

religious warsreligious wars

(French Protestants)(French Protestants)CatholicCatholic

- St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre - St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572) – 3,000 Huguenots slaughtered(1572) – 3,000 Huguenots slaughtered

Catholic FranceCatholic FranceFrench Catholics = 16 millionFrench Catholics = 16 millionFrench Huguenots = 2 millionFrench Huguenots = 2 million

Between 1562 and 1598, Huguenots and Between 1562 and 1598, Huguenots and Catholics fought 8 religious wars!Catholics fought 8 religious wars!

B. Henry IVB. Henry IV inherits French inherits French throne (1589)throne (1589)

- He is a - He is a but converts to but converts to

(the majority in France) (the majority in France) to make life easier to make life easier BUT…BUT…

ProtestantProtestant

CatholicismCatholicism

-Edict of Nantes Edict of Nantes (1589) – (1589) –

and protects Huguenotsand protects Huguenots- His goal: heal France- His goal: heal France

grants religious tolerationgrants religious toleration

Some hated Some hated Henry for Henry for having been a having been a Huguenot.Huguenot.

In 1610, a fanatic In 1610, a fanatic leaped into leaped into the royal the royal carriage and carriage and stabbed Henry stabbed Henry to death.to death.

Henry IV’s TombHenry IV’s Tomb

- He was assassinated in 1610

Cardinal RichelieuCardinal Richelieu

- became - became king but was weak. king but was weak. Appointed Richelieu asAppointed Richelieu as

Louis XIIILouis XIII

minister.minister.

Richelieu was a cunning, capable leader Richelieu was a cunning, capable leader who spent next 18 years strengthening the who spent next 18 years strengthening the monarch’s power. He ran France.monarch’s power. He ran France.

Louis XIVLouis XIV – The Sun King – The Sun King

- Believed inBelieved in

- -

didn’t meet from didn’t meet from 1614-1789.1614-1789.

- Lived extravagantly. - Lived extravagantly.

divine rightdivine right

Estates GeneralEstates General

- French culture, manners, and customs French culture, manners, and customs replaced those of Renaissance Italy as replaced those of Renaissance Italy as the standard in Europe.the standard in Europe.

- His five year old great grandson, His five year old great grandson,

, takes the throne after him. , takes the throne after him. Louis XVLouis XV

Louis XV

[r. 1715 – 1774]

Louis XV

[r. 1715 – 1774]

English AbsolutismEnglish Absolutism

From 1485 -1603 From 1485 -1603 England was England was ruled by the ruled by the TudorTudor dynastydynasty

1603- Elizabeth I 1603- Elizabeth I dies without dies without an heir.an heir.

Stuart dynasty of Stuart dynasty of Scotland Scotland takes the takes the crown.crown.

James I believes James I believes in divine right in divine right and clashes and clashes with with Parliament.Parliament.

1625- Charles I 1625- Charles I inherits throne inherits throne and behaves and behaves like an absolute like an absolute monarchmonarch

In 1653- Parliament In 1653- Parliament declared it could declared it could not be dissolved not be dissolved without its without its consent.consent.

Charles led troops to Charles led troops to arrest leaders, arrest leaders, but they escaped but they escaped and mounted and mounted their own armytheir own army

The English Civil War The English Civil War lasts 7 years.lasts 7 years.

Cavaliers supported Cavaliers supported king. Roundheads king. Roundheads supported supported Parliament. Parliament.

1647- Parliament 1647- Parliament wins. Charles is wins. Charles is executed. Oliver executed. Oliver Cromwell leads Cromwell leads the republic or the republic or CommonwealthCommonwealth

Strict Puritan ways Strict Puritan ways were enforced. were enforced. The English The English people grew people grew tired of this. tired of this.

1648- Cromwell 1648- Cromwell dies. Parliament dies. Parliament invited Charles II invited Charles II to be king. to be king.

4. A Limited Monarchy?!4. A Limited Monarchy?!A.A. William and Mary William and Mary

were forced to were forced to accept the accept the English Bill of English Bill of Rights.Rights.

B.B. England then England then became a became a limited limited monarchymonarchy; ; Parliament had Parliament had limited the limited the monarchs’ power.monarchs’ power.

5. 5. The English Bill of RightsThe English Bill of Rights

A.A. Can’t dissolve ParliamentCan’t dissolve Parliament

B.B. No taxes without approval of ParliamentNo taxes without approval of Parliament

C.C. Freedom of speechFreedom of speech

D.D. Right to trialRight to trial

E.E. Right to petition the KingRight to petition the King