View
269
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
醫學術語內分泌系統
(Endocrine System)
Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )Growth hormone
Too much:Before puberty: gigantismAfter puberty: acromegaly
Too less:Drawfism
Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )Prolactin
Too much:HyperprolactinemiaProlactinomaGalactorrheaAmenorrheaGynecomastia
Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )ACTH
Too much:Cushing diseaseCushing syndrome Moon faceAcneBuffalo humpAmenorrheaPurple abdominal striae
Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 ) ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
Too much: SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic h
ormone secrection) Hyponatremia
Too less DI (Diabetes insipidus) Urine osmolarity Hypernatremia
Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )PanhypopituitarismPituitary apoplexySheehan’s syndromeHypogonadism
Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 ) Eating disorder
Anorexia nervosa Bulimia Nausea Vomiting Acid regurgitation Abdominal pain Abdominal fullness Early satiety
Thyroid gland T3 T4 TSH Free T4
Thyroid gland Hyperthyroidism
Exophthalmos Palpitation Tachycardia Hand tremor Graves’ disease Thyroid storm Antithyroid drug Thyroidectomy
Thyroid gland Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Autoimmune thyroiditis Autoantibody Myxedema coma Cretinism Thyroxine
Thyroid gland Goiter
Diffuse goiter Nodular goiter Multinodular goiter Thyroid cyst
Thyroid gland Thyroid sonography
=Thyroid echo Thyroid puncture Fine needle aspiration Thyroid scan
Thyroid gland Thyroid cancer (carcinoma)
Papillary cancer Follicular neoplasm
Follicular adenoma Follicular cancer
Medullary cancer Anaplastic cancer
Radioactive iodide I-131 (Iodide one-thirty-one)
Parathyroid gland Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia Hypophosphatemia
Hypoparathyroidism Hypocalcemia Hyperphosphatemia Chvostek’s sign Trausseau’s sign Tetany
Adrenal gland Cortex
Cushing syndrome Conn’s disease Addison’s disease
=Primary adrenal insufficiency Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome
Medulla Pheochromocytoma
醫學術語新陳代謝
(Metabolism)
Pancreas Exocrine function Endocrine function
Pancreas B(eta) cell Islet cell Islet transplantation Pancreas transplantation Insulin Insulin resistence
Diabetes Mellitus Definition
Fasting sugar Postprandial sugar OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) IFG (impaired fasting glucose) IGT (impaired glucose tolerance)
Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms
3PPolyuriaPolyphagiaPolydipsia
Body weight loss
Diabetes Mellitus Classification
T1DM T2DM Secondary DM GDM (Gestational DM)
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 DM (T1DM, T1D)
=Insulin dependent diabetes =Juvenile onset diabetes
Type 2 DM (T2DM, T2D) =Non-insulin dependent diabetes =Adult onset diabetes
Diabetes MellitusAcute complication
HypoglycemiaCold sweatingPlpitationDizzinessComa
Diabetes MellitusAcute complication
HyperglycemiaDKA (Diabetic ketoacidosis)HHNK (Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non
ketotic coma)HHS (Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndr
ome)
Diabetes MellitusChronic complication
MicroangiopathyDiabetic retinopathyDiabetic nephropathyDiabetic neuropathy
Diabetes MellitusChronic complication
MicroangiopathyDiabetic retinopathy
Background diabetic retinopathy Proliferative diabetic retinopathy Vitreous hemorrhage Blindness
Diabetes MellitusChronic complication
MicroangiopathyDiabetic nephropathy
Microproteinuria Macroproteinuria Nephrotic syndrome Uremia End stage renal disease Hemodialysis
Diabetes MellitusChronic complication
MicroangiopathyDiabetic neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy Autonomic neuropathy Neurogenic bladder
Diabetes Mellitus Chronic complication
Macroangiopathy Cerebrovascular disease
Stroke Cerebral infarction Cerebral hemorrhage
Coronary artery disease Angina pectoris Unstable angina Acute myocardial infarction
Peripheral vascular disease Diabetic foot
Diabetes MellitusTreatment
Life style modificationDiet controlExercise
MedicationOHA (oral hypoglycemic agent)=OAD (oral antidiabetic agent)Insulin injection
Obesity Ideal body weight Overweight Obesity Morbid obesity
Obesity Body mass index (BMI) Body fat Waist circumference Hip circumference W/H ratio
Obesity Treatment
Life style modification Diet control Exercise
Medication Orlistat (Xenicol) Sibutramine (Reductil)
Surgery Bariatric surgery
Gout Gout Gouty arthritis Uric acid Hyperuricemia Tophi Podagra Purine
Recommended