01-Alternative Fuels Part 1

Transportation: Sweden as an Exampled bl d b lStatus, Needs, Impacts, Problems, Future Scenarios and Possibilities

Dr. Primal Fernandoi l@ f d

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primal@eng.fsu.eduPh: (081) 2393608

Outlines

Fossil fuels Fossilfuels Themajorchallengersintransportsector Sustainabletransportationp Alternativefuels

EthanolN l (NG)Naturalgas(NG) Biogas

Hydrogenandfuelcells Hydrogenandfuelcells Hybridsystems Newvisionsyourideas

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What a e the ajo halle e i the t a o tatio e to ? Whatarethemajorchallengersinthetransportationsector?

Whythisissoimportant?

Isthisimportanttopictotalk?

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MajorChallengersj g Modernsocietyishighlydependentonsmoothperformingtransport

systemandthedemandstillgrowingy g g Uselargeamountofenergy,mainlyoil.. ApproximatelytotalenergyconsumptioninSwedenisbytransport

sectorsector MorethanofenergyconsumesbycartravelsinSweden ApproximatelytotalenergyconsumptioninSriLankaisbytransport

sectorsector Causerangeofenvironmentalproblems..NOxemissions,acidrains,

impactonhumanhealthduetoimpairedurbanairquality,Globalwarmingwarming

ApproximatelytotalCO2 emissionsinSwedenisbytransportsector ApproximatelytotalCO2 emissionsintheworldisbytransportsector

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InSriLanka,autodieselhasbeenthedominanttransportfuel, pmainlyasaresultoftheextensivepublictransportnetworkandtheartificialpetroleumproductpricingpolicy,whereautodiesel is always priced at a fraction of the price of gasoline.

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dieselisalwayspricedatafractionofthepriceofgasoline.

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7Worlds energy consumptionWorldsenergyconsumption

200

250History Projections

39%

100

150

adril

li on

Btu Oil

Natural Gas

25%23%

50

100

Qua

Renewables

Nuclear

Coal

8%

5%

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 20250

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Source: EIA, International Energy Outlook 2004

PopulationinChina 1337million(%19.6) PopulationinIndia 1181million(%17.1)

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PopulationinUSA 309million(%4.5)

Oiladdictionbytransportsectory p

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Sweden.

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Globaltemperaturechangep g

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Icecoverchangeg

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Globaltemperaturechangep g Atleast25%isresponsiblebytransportsector Articseaicecoverdecreasedsince1950 Seawaterlevelincreases

Possiblesealevelrise13to15feetincreaseduetoclimatechange Next100years,itwouldbeabout1my

Completecollapseoficecover Quarter of Louisiana 15%Washington D C QuarterofLouisiana,15%WashingtonD.C. CompletelysubmergedSouthFlorida InFlorida,Louisiana,SouthCarolina,Virginia,NewYork,andNew

J h b t t t f th tJersey,areaswhereabouttenpercentormoreofthecurrentpopulationlivewouldbepermanentlylost,accordingtoapreviousreportoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

I lo lyi ou t ie a y I la d

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InlowlyingcountriesmanyIslands

Dosomethingimmediatelyg y Reductionofenergyconsumptionefficiencyimprovementsandhybrid

systems Vehiclemanufactures Imposefuelefficiencystandardsy p y Imposeregulationstopollutants CO2 tax Giveconcessionstocleanvehicleowners freeparkinginSweden Sustainable transportation systems Sustainabletransportationsystems Reductionoffossilfuelconsumption Newlegislations (6.30to18.30hrs,20SEKforleavingorenteringto

h i )thecity) Increasetheavailabilityofcleanermoreefficientfuels Newvisions

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Howaboutoil? Endofoilin40years?Isittrue?

Shouldwestopusingoil?

Whatwouldbethefutureoilprice?

Isthesituationiscritical?

Are we too late to find solutions? Arewetoolatetofindsolutions?

Whatwouldbeourfuturetransportations?

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1 Barrel of Petroleum = 158.98729476 Liters

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In USA approximately 11 liters per person per day28

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Whenwewillrunoutofoil?

N t i lif tiNotinourlifetimeButprice.$1000perbarrel

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Endstoneage,notlackofstones,butendofoilage?

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