02 - Into to Computer-based Information System

Introduction to the Computer-BasedIntroduction to the Computer-Based

Information SystemInformation System

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Components of a Computer-Based Information System

(CBIS)

PROCEDURES

Components of a CIBS

A computer-based information system (CBIS) is an information system in which the computer plays

a major role.

What is computer?

• Computer is an Electronic Data Processing Machine. It operates under the instruction store in it own memory unit that accept INPUT or Data process it Arithmetically and Logically, produce OUTPUT after processing and STORE the information for future use.

Function of Computer

• Input

• Processing

• Output

• Storage

Devices• Input

– 1. Key Board 2. Mouse

• Processing– 1 CPU

a) ALU b) CU– 2 Primary Memory

a) RAM b) ROM

• Output– 1. Monitor 2. Printer

• Storage - 1. Secondary Storage

a) Hard Disk b) Floppy Disk

Components of a Computer-Based Information System

• Hardware Physical parts of a computer

• Software Instructions and data necessary to run a computer program

• Data Raw facts

• Procedures The policies that govern the operations of a computer system. “Procedures are to people what software is to hardware”

• People The most overlooked element of the CBIS. People are probably the components that most influence the success or failure of information system. Users, programmers, system analysts, and database administrators are some of the people associated with the CBIS.

Technical Operation

of a CIBS

CPU

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Control Unit

Memory

Storage

Input Output

Processing

The programs available on a CBIS consists of two types:

1. System Software

2. Application Software

• System software exists primarily for the computer itself, to help the computer perform specific functions.

• One major type of system software is the operating system (OS). All computers require an operating system.

• The OS tells the computer how to interact with the user and its own devices.

• Common operating systems include Windows,

the Macintosh OS, OS/2, and UNIX .

System Software

• Application software tells the computer how to accomplish tasks the user requires, such as creating a document or editing a graphic image.

• Some important kinds of application software are:

Word processing programs Spreadsheet softwareDatabase management Presentation programsGraphics programs Networking software Web design tools and browsers Internet applicationsCommunications programs UtilitiesEntertainment and education Multimedia authoring

Application Software

Hardware & SoftwareFUNDAMENTALS

HERTZHertz is commonly used to rate the clock speed of micro processor

MIPS (Million instruction per second )

MIPS is often used as the measure of how much work (through put) a computer can do in one second

FLOPS (floating point operation per second)

FLOPS are the Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, and other numeric operations performed on decimal numbers

Multi-Programming It is often used in multi in multiuser operating system it is a process in which the computer works on two or more program concurrently or side by side

MultiTasking It refers to the operating systems ability to execute two or more of a single user task concurrently

It is a very popular technique that allows the CPU to simultaneously support the activities of several terminal user

Time Sharing

Fore-ground and Back-Ground Processing

With fore-ground back ground processing fore ground jobs are usually handled first when no fore ground task await processing the computer goes to back ground partition and start processing task there

Some time called virtual storage extend primary memory by treating disk storage as a logical extension of RAM

Virtual Memory

It refer to the use of two or more CPU (Central Processing Unit) linked together to perform coordinated work simultaneously. The difference between multi processing and multi programming is that multi processing involves handling several parts of same program simultaneously on several central processing units whereas multi programming means processing several programs on a single Central Processing Unit

Multi Processing

Achieving the CBIS

Five Main Resources

1. Personnel

2. Material

3. Machines (including facilities and energy)

4. Money

5. Information (and data)

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Information Management

Information: The most valuable resource

How Resources are Managed

a. Acquire

b. Assemble, or prepare

c. Maximize use

d. Replace

Who are the Users?

1. Managers

2. Non-managers

3. Persons & organizations in the firm’s environment

Where Managers are Found

a. Various management levels

b. Various functional areas of the firm

Levels of Managers

i. Strategic planning

ii. Management control

iii. Operational control

Managers Can Be Found on All Levels and in All

Functional Areas of the Firm

FinanceFunction

Human ResourcesFunction

InformationServicesFunction

ManufacturingFunction

MarketingFunction

Strategic planning levelStrategic planning level

Management Control LevelManagement Control Level

Operational Control Operational Control LevelLevel

What Managers do --

Strategic Planning Level

Management Control Level

Operational Control Level

Plan

Control

Organize

Direct

Staff

Organize

Staff

Direct

Plan

Control

Direct

Staff

Plan

Control

Organize

Management Skills

1. Communications

2. Problem solving

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