02. the muslim world expands (web view)

The Muslim World Expands

1300-1700

Byzantine Empire

Anatolia

• Turkish Descendant• Militaristic• Loyal to one another• No leader• Ghazis• Warriors for Islam

What’s an Ottoman?

• Most Successful Ghazi• Osman• Called Othman• Ottoman Empire

Osman Makes Changes

• Revolutionized Military

• Weapons Changed How Wars Fought

• Formed Alliances

• By Conquering

• Agreements

• Bought Land

• Expanding Empire

Revolutionized Military

Horseback ArchersArmed Foot Soldiers

Revolutionized Military

Birth of Cannon

Orkhan I

• Sultan• Overlord• One with Power

• Adrianople• 2nd Most Important

Byzantine Empire

A New Empire

• Treatment of Conquered People• Local Officials Appointed• Improved lives• All Muslims• Must Serve in Army• Make Contributions of faith

• Non-Muslims had to Pay a Small Tax

Burning down the House

• Timur the Lame (1402)• Timur-i-lang• Burned Bagdad• Halted Ottoman Expansion

Burning down the House

• Timur the Lame (1402)• Timur-i-lang• Burned Bagdad• Halted Ottoman Expansion

The Empire Strikes Back!

• Four sons Fight for Power• Mehmed I defeated his brothers• His Son Mehmed II• Invaded Hungry• Conquers Constantinople

The Fall of Constantinople

• Population in 1451• From 1 Million to 50,000• Cannons• 26ft gun 1,200 pound boulders• Chain across the harbor• 70 Greasy Ships• Seven Weeks Before the fall

After the Fall

• Mehmed II, the conquer, opened the City

to New Citizens (1453)

• Jews, Christians, and Muslims

• Turks and Non-Turks

• Rebuilt City Called Istanbul

Ottoman’s Take Holy Cities

• Selim the Grim, Mehmed’s Grandson• Syria, Palestine, and North Africa• Conquered Mecca and Medina• Also captured Cairo

Suleyman the Lawgiver

• 1520 came to power• Ruled for 46 years• Great cultural achievements• Empire come to its peak

Take it to the Limit

• Under Suleyman• Naval Power• Conquered Parts of Europe• He became most powerful

monarch on earth

Ottoman Society

• Sulyman had civil and criminal code• Reduction of Government Bureaucracy• 20,000 slaves worked for the sultan• Muslims had to follow Islamic Law• Granted Religious freedom to others

Devshrime system

• Boys taken from conquered Christian Nations as slaves• Army educated, trained and converted them to Islam• They were soldiers loyal only to the Sultan known as

the Janissaries• People would bribe officials to take their child• Ability to rise in the ranks of Government

Cultural Flowering

• Study of poetry, history, geography, astronomy, mathematics, and architecture.

• Mosque of Suleyman• Four Schools• A library• A bath• A hospital

All Good things End

• Suleyman Killed his ablest son• Other left• Incompetent Selim II King• Killed and mistreatment of family members