MUSLIM WORLD EXPANDSHONORS WORLD CIVILIZATIONS, CHAPTER 18

THIS CHAPTER 0VERALL• 2 SECTIONS:

• Ottomans Build Vast Empire

• Cultural Blending

• (we won’t cover the 3rd section)

• MAIN IDEAS

• Empire Building (as always)

• Cultural Interaction (blending & diffusion)

• Power & Authority (where does it come from?)

• Geography (as always)

HOW DO YOU GOVERN A DIVERSE EMPIRE? (I HAVE NO IDEA)

SECTION 1: OTTOMANS BUILD VAST EMPIRE

• SETTING THE STAGE: We are now looking at a vast empire begun in Chapter 10, one of the largest the world would ever, or has, seen.

• We are dropped into history at around 1300 (what’s going on elswhere in the world then?)

• KEYS:

• Byzantine Empire (a legacy of the Eastern Romans) is declining.

• Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), was slowly uniting and rising as a militaristic people. Here we go.

TURKS MOVE INTO BYZANTIUM

• Anatolian Turks saw themselves as Ghazis

• Osman, well he had Ottomans. And he had a son named Orkhan I who declared himself Sultan.

• 1361, Ottomans captured Adrianople…. But…

• Then came Tamerlane (Timur the Lame), who halted the Ottomans. When he went off to China looking to expand, things happened.

• THEN, in 1453, Mehmet II, conquered Constantinople! Why was this such a huge thing for “The West”?? (Lesson/quiz)

• Renamed it………….

PRIMARY DOCUMENT EXERCISE

• Your text has an excerpt of a primary document, “The Conquest of Constantinople.” Read it, and write a sentence or two on what you think of it.

• Then, read THIS. Write 2-3 more sentences on your thoughts after reading this.

CONSTANTINOPLE / ISTANBUL

PLAYING DEFENSE: CHAIN ACROSS THE GOLDEN HORN

SELIM THE GRIM KEEPS IT GOING

• Mehmed’s grandson, well he conquers Mecca & Medina (a big deal), and Cairo. Wow. All in the early 1500’s

• Please know where these cities are.

SULEYMAN THE LAWGIVERAKA “THE MAGNIFICENT”

• 1494-1566

• His hats were off the charts

• Reigned over empire at its maximum size. His armies made it in 1526 almost to the gates of Vienna. This is a scary story for Europeans. Extremely rare live footage

• Now shalt thou feel the force of Turkish arms…Which lately made all Europe quake for fear.’ (Christopher Marlowe) Read MORE

• Had a great Navy! Great military overall…

• What do his laws and law code remind you of?

• According to Europeans, was he a good guy? Let’s learn more about him and the fort of Rhodes…..

RANDOM (BUT FASCINATING) HISTORICAL THOUGHT: THE EFFECT OF WEATHER UPON HISTORY

• George Washington’s Army in New York City…… fog, Battle of Long Island, 1776

• Spanish Armada…. A Protestant Wind…. 1577

• Charles XII, Napoleon, & Hitler invade Russia, 1707, 1812, 1941

• Hailstorms spark the French Revolution, 1789

• Divine wind (kamikaze) saves Japan from the Mongols, 13th century

• Sea Breezes (and Themistocles) save Western Culture...Thanks for that. 480 BC

• Sunshine over Hiroshima, and clouds over Kokura, but not Nagasaki, 1945

OTTOMAN EMPIRE AT IT’S HEIGHT

• Empire reaches its limits (from last slide). Belgrade, Tripoli, more

• He (Suleyman) became the most powerful monarch on earth!

• Highly Structured Social Organization

• Law Code

• Devshirme

• Janissaries

• Freedom of Religion (was this true elsewhere? (what’s a MILLET)

• Cultural Flowering. Who is SINAN??

EMPIRE DECLINES SLOWLY

• They all do. Who is the most powerful empire in the world now? When will they decline, and why? (You can use history to predict the future).

• So much for primogeniture….

• So much for brotherly love…. Yikes.

• How’d they come up with this practice? Does this have any parallels in other cultures??

CULTURAL BLENDING: SAFAVID EMPIRE

• What is “cultural blending” in the abstract? STOP! Think of an example (other than the Safavid Empire)

• Is cultural blending good, or bad?

CAUSES OF CULTURAL BLENDING/DIFFUSION

NAME THEM!

• Migration

• Religious freedom/conversion

• Trade

• Conquest

• Bad Directions/lost at sea (you get lost and wind up somewhere else….. Forever)

• Any others?

RESULTS OF CULTURAL BLENDING/DIFFUSION

Can lead to changes in:

LANGUAGE

RELIGION & ETHICS

STYLES OF GOVERNMENT

RACIAL/ETHNIC BLENDING

ART & ARCHITECTURE

REALLY?

• I hate to be negative here, but isn’t all cultural blending some form of war/violence/power struggle?

CASE STUDY: SAFAVID EMPIRE, 1580-1750

BUILDING EMPIRE; FUN, AND NOT SO FUN, FACTS

• Were Shi’ite

• Squeezed between 2 empires (Ottoman and Mughal). Ask me about Otto von Bismarck here….

• Isma’il becomes SHAH of Iran, the first Shah of the Safavid Dynasty 1499

• Not so much on the religious tolerance…. To say the least

• The wars between the Safavid (Shi’a) and the Ottoman empire (Sunni) defined the border of Iraq and Iran as it is today!

SAFAVID GOLDEN AGE, 1587-1747

Shah Abbas, took throne in 1587

REFORMS: Name them now!

NEW CAPITAL: Esfahan

ART: Great Chinese influence

CARPETS:

THIS EMPIRE DECLINES QUICKLY THIS TIME

• Sound familiar?

• They all do. Who, again, is the most powerful empire in the world now? When will they decline, and why?

• So much for primogeniture….

• So much for brotherly love…. Yikes.

• How’d they come up with this practice? Come ON. Does this have any parallels in other cultures??

MINI RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT!

• Choose 1 of the following topics and use your research skills (whatever you have) to write a brief historical essay

• The Effect of Weather on History

• The Rise and Fall of a Great Power. Pick an empire we HAVEN’T studied! Describe where it came from, how it rose, and why it fell, and why this story is all too familiar.

• Cultural Blending. Find a significant example of cultural blending between two cultures/civilizations

• Bonus: Discuss a significant cultural practice of a culture/civilization that is based on GEOGRAPHY.