View
215
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
1
Paying to Die: TobaccoIt’s Your Choice!
Health Education
2
•What are some things that people get addicted to???
3
ADDICTIONADDICTION
4
How it all starts
• Addiction usually starts when a person does something he or she thinks will bring pleasure or help avoid pain.
• He or she becomes increasingly dependent on the behavior.
• As tolerance develops-the person needs
more of the desired behavior to feel the same effect.
5
And then…….
• Any substance OR activity that becomes the focus of a person’s life at the expense of other needs and interests can be damaging to their health.
6
Psychological & Physiological Dependence
1. Psychological dependence (mind)- a condition in which a person believes that a substance is needed in order to feel good or to function normally.
2. Physiological dependence (body)- a condition in which the user has a chemical need for the substance. The nerve cells have adapted so well to the drug that they require the drug to function normally.
3. Addiction can be psychological or physiological.
4. Withdrawal - may occur when a person stops using a drug they are dependent on .
7
Think Quick!Most people know that using tobacco isharmful. Why do you think some peoplecontinue to use tobacco products?
8
The Surgeon General
States that:
“Tobacco use, particularly smoking, is the number one cause of preventable
disease and death in the United States.”
~Richard H. Carmona, M.D., M.P.H., FACS — U.S. Surgeon General
9
Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death.
• Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million deaths per year.
• Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in the United States, including an estimated 41,000 deaths resulting from secondhand smoke exposure.1
• This is about one in five deaths annually, or 1,300 deaths every day.1
• On average, smokers die 10 years earlier than nonsmokers.3
~American Lung Association, Adolescent Smoking Statistics, February, 2010
10
Amazing statistics!!!• Each year, smoking kills more people than AIDS,
alcohol, drug abuse, car crashes, murders, suicides, and fires . . . combined!
• Each day, more than 3,200 persons younger than 18 years of age smoke their first cigarette.
• How long does it take 1 cigarette butt to decompose???
Approximately 15 years – don’t litter!
11
What’s in a Cigarette?• With each puff of a cigarette you experience:
1. Nicotine- addictive drug found in tobacco• Stimulant
– Speeds up the Central Nervous system– Increases heart rate– Raises blood pressure
• Nicotine is associated with
Heart Disease and Stroke
12
Nicotine
In its’ pure form, it is one of the most addictive drugs known to man and is extremely habit forming
• After nicotine enters the lungs, it is absorbed immediately into the bloodstream and within 8 seconds reaches the brain
13
What’s in a cigarette?
• Has anyone ever tried smoking a cigarette???
• First time users have no tolerance to nicotine and will experience a racing heart, sweating, nausea, and dizziness
14
Nicotine
Eventually smokers will build up a tolerance to nicotine and their bodies will become physically dependent on it.
When smokers attempt to quit they will experience:
1.Headaches 2. Irritability
3. Restlessness 4. Feelings of illness
15
What’s in a Cigarette?With each puff of a cigarette you experience:
Carbon Monoxide- colorless, odorless, poisonous gas
– When carbon monoxide is inhaled, it attaches itself to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells.
– This prevents oxygen from joining up with the hemoglobin which causes shortness of breath
16
What’s in a cigarette?
Carbon Monoxide increased risk for High Blood Pressure, Heart Disease and Arteriosclerosis
Anoxia – decreases oxygen level in the body
17
What’s in a Cigarette?
With each puff of a cigarette you experience:Tar: a thick, sticky dark fluid produced when tobacco burns
• Tar enters respiratory system causing problems
• Upper Respiratory System (Trachea)
– Destroys cilia
– Cilia - Tiny hair like projections that move mucus and debris out of respiratory system
18
What’s in a cigarette?TAR•Lower Respiratory System (Lungs and Alveoli)
–Tar binds to lung tissue keeping it from moving normally
–Tar binds to alveoli blocking exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
–Tar also contains carcinogens (cancer causing products) that are linked to cancer of the mouth, lung and throat.
Black carbon deposits
19
20
What’s in a cigarette?
4. Carcinogens– cancer causing agents– In addition to Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide and
Tar, tobacco contains around 45 carcinogens.
21
• Acetone – found in nail polish remover • Acetic Acid – an ingredient in hair dye • Ammonia – a common household cleaner • Arsenic – used in rat poison • Benzene – found in rubber cement • Butane – used in lighter fluid • Cadmium – active component in battery acid • Carbon Monoxide – released in car exhaust fumes • Formaldehyde – embalming fluid • Hexamine – found in barbecue lighter fluid • Lead – used in batteries • Napthalene – an ingredient in moth balls • Methanol – a main component in rocket fuel • Nicotine – used as insecticide • Tar – material for paving roads • Toluene - used to manufacture paint
22
Pipe and Cigar Tobacco
• Just like cigarettes, pipes and cigars cause problems.• Cigars contain more nicotine and produce more tar and
CO than cigarettes.• Increased risk of Lip, Mouth and Throat cancers
1 cigar = 1 pack of cigarettes (Nicotine)
23
Smokeless Tobacco
Chewing Tobacco• Tobacco that is cut into strips
and chewed or stored in mouth• Contains nicotine
– Absorbed through mucous membranes in mouth
• Contains 28 carcinogens• 2-3x as much
nicotine/carcinogens are absorbed due to storing in mouth
• Leukoplakia - pre-cancer white spots inside the mouth
Snuff• Tobacco that is ground up into
fine grits and is snorted though the nose
• Contains nicotine
– Absorbed through mucous membranes in nose
• Contains 28 carcinogens
24
Long-Term Effect of Tobacco Use
1. Cardiovascular disease – is a disease of the heart and blood vessels.
• The chemicals in tobacco force the heart to work harder to deliver oxygen to the body. Therefore, the smoker is at a higher risk of the following:
25
Long-term effects
(1)High blood pressure (2)Heart attack – a smoker is three
times more likely to suffer from a heart attack than a non-smoker
(3)A heart attack is 5 to 10 times more likely to kill a smoker than a nonsmoker
26
Long term effects
2. Respiratory diseaseSo just what is “smoker’s cough”???
As tar destroys cilia, dust particles and mucus accumulate in the air passages, causing the smoker to cough to try to clean out the air
passages.
27
Long Term effectsWhen coughing can no longer
keep the air passages clear, the smoker eventually develops:
a. Chronic Bronchitis – the bronchial tubes are swollen and clogged with mucus. People with this disease have a hard time filling their lungs with air.There is no cure for this disease
28
Long term effectsb. Emphysema –is a breathing disorder in which the alveoli
(small sacs in the lungs) lose their elasticity• Air sacs in your body resemble tiny balloons that no amount
of puffing will fill those sacs up when one has emphysema• A person with this disease cannot rid this body of carbon
monoxide• Damage done to the lungs from emphysema cannot be
reversed or improved.
29
Long term effects
3. Cancer – tobacco use is a major factor in developing certain cancers
• Lung cancer – one of the most deadly form of cancer. 87% of deaths related to lung cancer are related to smoking.
Cancer• Oral cancers – cancer of
the mouth, lips, throat, and tongue
30
31
• Top picture - severe cancer of the larynx, which has surfaced on his neck and spread to his lymph glands.
• Most laryngeal cancers begin near the vocal cords, causing hoarseness or other changes in the voice.
32
Leukoplakia – small painless sores in the mouth can be a first indicator of possible
mouth cancer
33
Tobacco use and pregnancy
Chemicals can pass directly from the mother to the fetus which can result in:
• Increased heart rate• Low birth weight• Slow mental development• Miscarriages or still births• Nursing mothers can pass nicotine to the infant
from breast milk
fetus_passive_smoking.jpg
34
Secondhand smoke: Aka: Passive smoking
• It is a mixture of 2 forms of smoke that come from burning tobacco: side-stream smoke (smoke that comes from the end of a lit cigarette, pipe, or cigar) and mainstream smoke (smoke that is exhaled by a smoker).
• Non-smokers who breathe in secondhand smoke are called involuntary or passive smokers. Non-smokers who breathe in secondhand smoke take in nicotine and other toxic chemicals just like smokers do.
• There is twice as much tar and nicotine in side stream smoke as in mainstream smoke
• Side-stream smoke contains three times as much CO as mainstream smoke
35
Dangers‑of‑Secondhand‑Smoke.jpg
Each year passive smoking contributes to 150,000 to 300,000 cases of bronchitis and pneumonia in babies and triggers 8,000 to 26,000 new cases of asthma in previously unaffected children
36
Secondhand smoke:Passive smoking
•Asthma and other allergies are often made worse in the presence of tobacco smoke.
•Long-term exposure to other people’s smoke increases your risk of heart disease and lung cancer.
What is secondhand smoke?
37
Smoking and the Body
• Tobacco products can cause damage to many body systems.
• www.whyquit.com
• All pictures were taken from the Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking Tobacco
• http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_2004/sgranimation/welcome.html
38
Hairy Tongue & Cataracts
39
Stroke• Clot in the brain (Kills brain tissue)
40
Healthy lungsChronic Bronchitis
Emphysema
Long term effects
41
Coronary Heart Disease
Loss of taste & smellAn odor molecule binds to cilia in the back of your nose, which causes you to perceive a smell.
42
Smoking can affect the shape of taste buds and also affect vascularization, or the formation of blood vessels.Nicotine may cause functional and morphological alterations of taste buds Smoking is an important factor which can lead to decreased taste sensitivity.
43
Atherosclerosis
44
Tobacco Affects All Areas of Tobacco Affects All Areas of Life
• Mental Health: impairs ability to concentrate and relax.
• Family and Social Health: Smoke can hurt others that are in the room – respiratory problems– People may not want to hang out (Smell)
• Growth & Development: Women who smoke have LBW babies.
• Nutrition: Impairs your sense of taste.• Exercise and Fitness: Decreased
Cardiovascular endurance.
45
• Drugs: Produces physical and psychological dependence.
• Disease and Disorders: Increased risk of heart and lung disease.
• Personal Health: Teeth and fingers turn yellow, breath smells, face wrinkles, etc.
• Safety and First Aid: Major cause of home fires (smoking in bed)
• Environmental Health: Major source of indoor pollution.
• Legally Implications: Selling to or buying tobacco under 18 is illegal
• Financial Implications: Very costly
46
• 1,316 people die every day in the united states due to tobacco related illnesses!
47
Cost of Smoking
• On average, the price of tobacco products is as follows:– $ 6.50 pack of cigarettes– $ 3.75 can of chewing tobacco
• How much money would you spend in 1 month if you smoked/chewed 1 pack a day. – 1 Year– 10 years – 25 years
$$$$$($______)
( )($ )(_______)
48
The “TRUE” Cost of Smoking
THE “TRUE” COST OF SMOKING
•Every time you smoke a cigarette, you are paying with your life.
1 Cigarette= 11 minutes of life
1 Pack of Cigarettes = 3 hours 40 minutes
1 Carton of Cigarettes = 1.5 days
49
CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S BODY AFTER QUITTING
Within 20 minutes of last cig:• Blood pressure and pulse rate return to normal• Body temp. of hands and feet increase to normal
8 hours:• Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normal• Oxygen level in blood increases to normal
1 day: Chance of heart attack decreases2 days: Ability to smell and taste improves3 days: Bronchial tubes relax & Lung capacity
increases
CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S BODY AFTER QUITTING
2 weeks to 3 months:• Circulation improves• Walking becomes easier• Lung function increases up to 30%
1 - 9 months:• Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue,
shortness of breath decrease• Cilia re-grow, increasing ability to handle
mucus, thus reducing risk of infection• Body’s overall energy level increases
50
51
5 years:Risk of developing lung cancer or coronary heart disease decreases dramatically
10 Years:Precancerous cells are replacedRisk of developing lung cancer is nearly the same as for a nonsmoker
52
Paying to Die: TobaccoIt’s Your Choice!
Health Education
53
•What are some things that people get addicted to???
54
How it all starts
• Addiction usually starts when a person does something he or she thinks will bring ______________ or help avoid pain.
• He or she becomes increasingly ______________ on the behavior.
• As ______________ develops-the person
needs more of the desired behavior to feel the same effect.
55
And then…….
• Any substance OR activity that becomes the focus of a person’s life at the expense of other needs and interests can be damaging to their health.
56
Psychological & Physiological Dependence
1. ______________ dependence- a condition in which a person believes that a substance is needed in order to feel good or to function normally.
2. ______________ dependence- a condition in which the user has a chemical need for the substance. The nerve cells have adapted so well to the drug that they require the drug to function normally.
3. ______________ can be psychological or physiological.4. ______________ - may occur when a person stops using a drug they are dependent on .
57
Think Quick!
Most people know that using tobacco is
harmful. Why do you think some people
continue to use tobacco products?
58
The Surgeon General states,
“Tobacco use, particularly smoking, is the number one cause of preventable disease
and death in the United States.”
~Richard H. Carmona, M.D., M.P.H., FACS — U.S. Surgeon General
59
Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death.
• Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million deaths per year.
• Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in the United States, including an estimated 41,000 deaths resulting from secondhand smoke exposure.1
• This is about one in five deaths annually, or 1,300 deaths every day.1
• On average, smokers die 10 years earlier than nonsmokers.3
~American Lung Association, Adolescent Smoking Statistics, February, 2010
60
Amazing statistics!!!Each year, smoking kills more people than ______, alcohol, drug abuse, car crashes, _______________, suicides, and ____________. . . combined!
Each day, more than 3,200 persons younger than
18 years of age smoke their first cigarette.
How long does it take 1 cigarette butt to decompose???
Approximately 15 years – don’t litter!
61
What’s in a Cigarette?With each puff of a cigarette you experience:
1. ______________ - addictive drug found in tobacco• ______________ Speeds up the Central Nervous
system– Increases heart rate– ______________blood
pressure
• Nicotine is associated with
______________ and Stroke
62
Nicotine
In a pure form, is one of the most ______________ drugs known to man and is extremely ___________forming
After nicotine enters the lungs, it is absorbed immediately into the bloodstream and within 8 seconds reaches the brain
63
What’s in a cigarette?
Has anyone ever tried smoking a cigarette???
First time users have no ___________ to nicotine and will experience a racing heart, sweating, nausea, and dizziness
64
Nicotine• Eventually smokers will build up a
tolerance to nicotine and their bodies will become physically dependent on it.
• When smokers attempt to quit they will experience:
1. ______________ 2. ______________
3. ______________ 4. ______________
65
What’s in a Cigarette?With each puff of a cigarette you experience:
Carbon Monoxide-
When carbon monoxide is inhaled, it attaches itself to the ______________ in your red blood cells. This prevents oxygen from joining up with the hemoglobin which causes ______________ of breath –
66
What’s in a cigarette?
• Carbon Monoxide increased risk for High Blood Pressure, Heart Disease and Arteriosclerosis
• ______________ – decreases oxygen level in the body
67
What’s in a Cigarette?
With each puff of a cigarette:_____:Thick, sticky dark fluid produced when tobacco burns
• Tar enters respiratory system causing problems
• Upper Respiratory System (Trachea)– Destroys cilia– Cilia - Tiny ______ ________
___________ that move mucus and debris out of respiratory system
68
What’s in a cigarette?TAR•_________ Respiratory System (Lungs and Alveoli)
– Tar binds to lung tissue keeping it from moving normally
– Tar binds to __________blocking exchange of oxygen and carbon monoxide
– Tar also contains ______________ (cancer causing products) that are linked to cancer of the mouth, lung and throat.
69
What’s in a cigarette?
4. Carcinogens– cancer causing agents– In addition to Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide and
Tar, tobacco contains around 45 carcinogens.
70
• Acetone – found in nail polish remover • Acetic Acid – an ingredient in hair dye • Ammonia – a common household cleaner • Arsenic – used in rat poison • Benzene – found in rubber cement • Butane – used in lighter fluid • Cadmium – active component in battery acid • Carbon Monoxide – released in car exhaust fumes • Formaldehyde – embalming fluid • Hexamine – found in barbecue lighter fluid • Lead – used in batteries • Napthalene – an ingredient in moth balls • Methanol – a main component in rocket fuel • Nicotine – used as insecticide • Tar – material for paving roads • Toluene - used to manufacture paint
71
Pipe and Cigar Tobacco • Just like cigarettes, pipes and cigars cause problems.• Cigars contain more nicotine and produce more ___ and
____________________ than cigarettes.• Increased risk of _________________________cancers
1 cigar = _____________________(Nicotine)
72
Smokeless Tobacco
Chewing Tobacco• Tobacco that is cut into strips and
_____________ or stored in mouth
• Contains nicotine
– Absorbed through mucous membranes in mouth
• Contains _______ carcinogens
• 2-3x as much nicotine/carcinogens are absorbed due to storing in mouth
• ___________________________
pre-cancer white spots inside
the mouth
Snuff• Tobacco that is ground up into
fine grits and is snorted though the nose
• Contains nicotine– Absorbed through mucous
membranes in _________• Contains ______ carcinogens
73
Long-Term Effect of Tobacco Use
1. Cardiovascular disease – is a disease of the _________ and ______________vessels.
• The chemicals of tobacco force the heart to __________ harder to deliver oxygen to the body.
74
Long-term effects…therefore, the smoker is at a higher risk of the following: (1)________________________ (2)Heart _______ – a smoker is three times more likely to suffer from a heart attack than a non- smoker (3)A _________attack is 5 to 10 times more likely to kill a smoker than a _________________
75
Long term effects
2. Respiratory diseaseSo just what is “smoker’s cough”???
As tar destroys __________, dust particles and mucus accumulate in
the air passages, causing the smoker to cough to try to clean out the air
passages.
76
Long Term effects
When coughing can no longer keep the air passages clear, the
smoker eventually develops:a. __________ Bronchitis – the bronchial tubes are swollen and clogged with mucus. People with this disease have a hard time filling their lungs with air.
There is __ ________for this disease
77
Long term effectsb. _______________________ –is a breathing disorder in which
the small sacs in the lungs lose their elasticity• Air sacs in your body resemble tiny balloons that no amount of
puffing will fill those sacs up when one has emphysema• A person with this disease cannot rid this body of carbon
monoxide• Damage done to the lungs from emphysema cannot be
reversed or improved.
78
Long term effects
3. Cancer – tobacco use is a major factor in developing certain cancers
• Lung cancer – one of the most deadly form of cancer. 87% of deaths related to lung cancer are related to smoking.
Cancer
• Oral cancers – cancer of the mouth, lips, throat, and tongue
79
80
• The top picture is of severe cancer of the larynx, which has surfaced on his neck and spread to his lymph glands. Most laryngeal cancers begin near the vocal cords, causing hoarseness or other changes in the voice.
81
Leukoplakia – small painless sores in the mouth can be a first indicator of possible
mouth cancer
82
Tobacco use and pregnancy
Chemicals can pass directly from the mother to the ________ which can result in:
• Increased __________ ______• L___ b______ w_______• Slow mental development• ________________or still births• Nursing mothers can pass nicotine to the
infant from breast milk
83
Passive smoking• Nonsmokers who involuntarily breath side
stream smoke become passive smokers• There is _______ as much tar and nicotine
in side stream smoke as in mainstream smoke
• Side-stream smoke contains three times as much CO as mainstream smoke
84
Passive smoking• Each year passive smoking contributes to
150,000 to 300,000 cases of bronchitis and pneumonia in babies and triggers 8,000 to 26,000 new cases of asthma in previously unaffected children
• ____________ and other allergies are often made worse in the presence of tobacco smoke
• Long-term exposure to other people’s smoke increases your risk of _______
__________________________________
85
Smoking and the Body• Tobacco products can cause damage to
many body systems.
• www.whyquit.com
• All pictures were taken from the Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking Tobacco
• http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_2004/sgranimation/welcome.html
86
Tobacco Affects All Areas of Life
• Mental Health: impairs ability to concentrate and relax.
• Family and Social Health: Smoke can hurt others that are in the room– People may not want to hang out – Growth & Development: Women who smoke
have LBW babies.• Nutrition: Impairs your sense of taste.• Exercise and Fitness: Decreased Cardiovascular
endurance.
87
• Drugs: Produces _____________ and psychological dependence.
• Disease and Disorders: Increased risk of heart and lung disease.
• Personal Health:
• Safety and First Aid: Major cause of ________ _______(smoking in bed)
• Environmental Health: Major source of indoor pollution.• Legally Implications: Selling to or buying tobacco under
18 is illegal• Financial Implications: Very costly
Tobacco Affects All Areas of Life
88
• 1,316 people die every day in the united states due to
tobacco related illnesses!
89
Cost of Smoking
• On average, the price of tobacco products is as follows:– $_____.00 pack of cigarettes– $_____.00 can of chewing tobacco
• How much money would you spend in 1 month if you smoked/chewed 1 pack a day. – 1 Year– 10 years – 25 years
$$$$$($______)
(_______)($______)(_______)
90
The “TRUE” Cost of Smoking
THE “TRUE” COST OF SMOKING
•Every time you smoke a cigarette, you are paying with your life.
1 Cigarette= _____ minutes of life
1 Pack of Cigarettes = 3 hours 40 minutes
1 Carton of Cigarettes = 1.5 days
91
CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S BODY AFTER QUITTING
Within ______ minutes of last cig:• __________ Pressure and pulse rate returns to normal• Body temp. of hands and feet increase to normalWithin ____hours:• Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normal• Oxygen level in blood increases to normal1 day:• Chance of heart attack ________________2 days:• Ability to __________ and _______________ improves3 days:• Bronchial tubes relax• Lung capacity increases
CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S BODY AFTER QUITTING
2 weeks to 3 months:• Circulation improves• Walking becomes easier• Lung function increases up to 30%
1 - 9 months:• Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue,
shortness of breath _______________• ____________ re-grow, increasing ability to
handle mucus, thus reducing risk of infection• Body’s overall energy level increases
92
93
5 years:Risk of developing lung cancer or coronary heart disease decreases dramatically
10 Years:Precancerous cells are replacedRisk of developing lung cancer is nearly the same as for a ___________________
CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S BODY AFTER QUITTING
Recommended