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The West
Next Round
Industry Gilded Age
Reform People
This was small-level mining using picks & shovels, and
panning
Placer Mining
These were towns that grew very quickly around areas where gold and silver were
found
Boom Towns
This type of mining was run by corporations and were dug
deep underground
Quartz Mining
Using government-owned grasslands to feed cattle was a feature of this type of ranching
Open-Range Ranching
Joseph Glidden’s invention changed ranching and
farming in the West forever
Barbed Wire
This replaced whale oil as the principal fuel for lighting
Kerosene
The belief that business works best when government keeps out of the way is known
as this
Laissez-Faire
People that risk capital (money) in seeking profits
are called this
Entrepreneurs
He invented the telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
These were the two railroads which combined
to create the first transcontinental railroad in
the US
The Union Pacific and the Central Pacific
Immigrants to the US in the latter half of the 1800’s mostly
came from these two European regions
Southern and Eastern Europe
Immigrants to the American East Coast were processed here
Ellis Island, New York
Immigrants to the American West Coast, mainly single
Asian males, were processed here
Angel Island, San Francisco, California
They were Americans who disliked immigrants and
wanted immigration curtailed or prohibited
Nativists
His book, How the Other Half Lives, exposed the harsh living conditions of New
York’s immigrant population
Jacob Riis
This law attempted to reform the US Civil Service
The Pendleton Act
This governmental body was established in 1887 to regulate
railroad rates and other commerce issues
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
Although it lacked “teeth,” this law was the first to act
against trusts
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The decision by the US government to stop minting
silver coins in 1873 was decried by the Populists as
this
The Crime of ‘73
First established in Lampasas, these organizations of farmers
later came together as the People’s Party (Populists)
The Alliance Movement
He dominated the oil industry
John D. Rockefeller
He was the most infamous of the city bosses
Boss Tweed
(William Marcy Tweed)
He dominated the steel industry
Andrew Carnegie
Her settlement house, Hull House, became the model
for others
Jane Addams
His stories were based on the formula of the good man who strikes it rich
due to hard work and good character
Horatio Alger
The West
People Politics of 1800s
Imperialism Progressive Movement
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The US government encouraged settlement in the West with this 1862 law that offered free land
The Homestead Act
These were large, corporate owned and run, Western farms
Bonanza Farms
This was the worst massacre of Indians by whites in the
American West
The Sand Creek Massacre
This was vital to the Indian way of life
The Buffalo
This law broke up reservations into individual farming plots and expected Indians to become farmers
What it did was destroy Indian culture
The 1887 Dawes Act
A Socialist and leader of the American Railway Union, he
was imprisoned after the violent Pullman Strike
He was also jailed during WWI for violation the Sedition
Act
He also ran for President several times as a Socialist
Eugene V. Debs
African-American woman who wrote about, and fought against,
the lynching of blacks in the South
Ida B. Wells
They were wealthy businessmen who, it is
believed, gained their wealth through scams, bribes, and
cheating
The Robber Barons
He spread the Gospel of Wealth, the belief that the
wealthy had the responsibility of philanthropy (giving their
money away for good causes)
Andrew Carnegie
An architect, he was a force behind the movement to
build skyscrapers
Louis Sullivan
This was the major issue in the elections of 1892 and
1896
Gold and silver
In 1896, he was the presidential nominee for both the
Democratic and Populist Parties
William Jennings Bryan
He won in 1896 using his “Front Porch” campaign
William McKinley
These were the first organizations that farmers
established, hoping to secure cheaper seed prices and
railroad rates through cooperatives
Granges
A firm believer in the Spoils System, New York Senator Conkling led this group of
Republicans
The Stalwarts
In 1852, Commodore Perry used force to open this country
for trade
Japan
When she threatened the plantations of American settlers, this queen was
overthrown
Queen Liliuokalani
His book, The Influence of Sea Power on History, argued that for a nation to be great it had to have a powerful navy and
overseas supply bases
Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan
The 1898 Spanish-American War was sparked by this
The explosion and sinking of the USS Maine
As a result of Spain’s defeat in 1898, the US acquired
these three territories
Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
They were journalists who wrote articles exposing social
and political problems
Muckrakers
This state was the model for Progressive reform
Wisconsin
Passed in 1920, this Constitutional Amendment was
the last of the Progressive campaigns
The 19th Amendment
The right of women to vote
His book, The Jungle, exposing the meatpacking
industry, helped spur Congress to pass the Pure
Food and Drug Act
Upton Sinclair
He was the last of the “Progressive Presidents”
Woodrow Wilson
US Society in the 1920s
US Politics in the 1920s
Great Depression
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WWI People
His assassination sparked WWI
The Archduke FerdinandHeir to the Austro-Hungarian throne
This German Plan, tweaked over several years, was put into place to prevent a two-
front war
Schlieffen Plan
These were the Triple EntenteDuring the war they were known as the Allies
France, Great Britain, and Russia
List four reasons why the United States entered the
war on the side of the Allies
Unrestricted submarine warfare
The Zimmerman telegram
British propaganda
Strong economic ties to the Allies
Very quickly the war in Western Europe became
stagnant and the armies dug in and fought hard for mere
yards
This type of warfare was called this
Trench Warfare
Many thought that these two Italian immigrant anarchists
were “railroaded” for the crime of murder
Sacco & Vanzetti
Increased religious fundamentalism and
Nativism caused the rise of this organization mainly in
the Mid-West
The KKK
These young women dressed provocatively and rebelled against accepted behavior
The Flapper
In this famous trial, the issue was whether the subject of evolution
should be taught in schools
The Scopes “Monkey” Trial
Progressives achieved a victory through this
Constitutional Amendment and the accompanying
Volstead Act
The 18th Amendment
Prohibition of Alcohol
Tired of Progressivism and war, people voted for
Warren G. Harding for President based on his
campaign slogan
Normalcy
Though Harding had died before it became public, this
is considered on of the worst US Presidential
scandals
The Teapot Dome Scandal
This group of Americans did not find prosperity during
the 1920s
Farmers
Hoping to help Germany who was unfairly treated in the Versailles Treaty, the US
adopted this plan which reduced and restructured Germany’s
reparations payments
The Dawes Plan
The Washington Conference was the only serious inter-war
attempt at arms limitations.
This was the treaty produced by the conference that set quotas
and ratios on battleship production in the Pacific
The Five-Power Treaty
October 29, 1929
“Black Tuesday”
Stock Market Crash
This high tariff hurt European economies and is considered a contributing
factor to the Great Depression
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Drought and high winds combined to create a
disaster in states like Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas
The Dust Bowl
Wanting money promised to them in 1945, they
marched on Washington DC where they were
attacked by government troops
The Bonus Army
He was president as the Great Depression began
Herbert Hoover
He wrote Grapes of Wrath which told the story of a family migrating from the Depression-era Dust Bowl
John Steinbeck
An innovator in airplane design, he is considered the father of American
naval aviation
Glenn Curtiss
He was the Democratic nominee for president twice
and led the prosecution in the Scopes Trial
William Jennings Bryan
She was the first female pilot to attempt to fly around the world
Amelia Earhart
He made history when he flew solo non-stop from St.
Louis to Paris, France in 1927 in his plane, The Spirit
of St. Louis
Charles Lindbergh
Acronyms WWII WWII Presidents Mix
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During the Great Depression this program hired young males
to work in National Parks
CCC
Civilian Conservation Corps
This program paid farmers NOT to grow food and killed
livestock so that prices would rise
AAA
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
This program constructed several dams along the
Tennessee River to provide electricity to rural Americans
TVA
Tennessee Valley Authority
This guaranteed that bank depositors’ money was safe
even if the bank failed
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
This union was established by John L. Lewis after the AFL
ousted several groups
CIO
Congress of Industrial Organizations
The sinking of this passenger liner in 1915 by the Germans
shocked America
The Lusitania
This governmental body was established to
coordinate the production of war materiel
The War Industries Board (WIB)
Blacks migrated from the South to Northern cities to
work in war industries
The Great Migration
He headed the American propaganda effort in the
Committee on Public Information
George Creel
This was WWI’s greatest battle for the US
Battle of the Argonne Forest
The fight for victory over our enemies but also
over racism was embodied by this
program
The Double V Program
FDR signed Executive Order 8802 which stated there would be no discrimination in hiring
in war industries after he threatened to organize a march
on Washington DC by the black Sleeping Car Porters
Union
A. Philip Randolph
Mexicans were encouraged to migrate to the US in this
program established to provide adequate labor on American
farms
The Bracero Program
Ethnic tensions turned to violence in Los Angeles
between white servicemen and young Latino men
Zoot Suit Riots
He led the US Navy and he led the US Army in the two-pronged Island-Hopping campaign against Japan
US Navy – Admiral Chester Nimitz
US Army – General Douglas MacArthur
Bay of Pigs
Cuban Missile Crisis
President John F. Kennedy
A one-time Collector of the Port of New York, he signed into law the Pendleton Act which ended
the spoils system and established the US Civil Service
President Chester A. Arthur
His assassination thrust Theodore Roosevelt into the presidency
which alarmed many Republicans at the time
President William McKinley
His second term was marred by the economic depression which followed the Panic of 1893
During that depression he stated that it was the peoples’
responsibility to support the government but that it was not the
government’s responsibility to support the people
President Grover Cleveland
Presided over the US war against Spain in 1898
President William McKinley
This technological innovation allowed the middle class to
escape the inner cities and move to suburbs
Electric trolleys
He led efforts to get rid of socialist and anarchist
immigrant radicals during the Red Scare following
WWI
US Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
A type of journalism that is biased, and often based on false information and sensationalism for the sake of attracting readers
Yellow Journalism
This program allowed the US to supply Great Britain and later the USSR and China
during WWII
Lend-Lease
The guilt of the Rosenbergs for passing nuclear secrets and
other Americans spying for the Communists were confirmed
by this
Project Venona
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