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66
Furthermore…
clinicians, nurses, and caregivers
+ older adults
= in caregiver workload and burden
This is not only true in institutions but in the home as well!
77
The Result
There is an increased need for new treatment options and solutions
Solutions need to be robust and easily scalable to meet the needs of this growing population
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Research Questions
Researchers are looking at technologies as a potential solution
• Can technology be used to blur the boundaries of place with respect to providing care?
• Can technology help support the growing needs of older adults?
• Can technology support caregivers and nurses?
We think it can!
99
Defining our Goal
Intelligent Assistive Technology: Using Artificial Intelligence to Support Wellness & Aging-in-Place
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Defining our Goal
Intelligent Assistive Technology: Using Artificial Intelligence to Support Wellness & Aging-in-Place
Wellness - The quality or state of being in good health especially as an actively sought goal
Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary
1111
Assistive Technology
Any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially or off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities
- Cook & Hussey (2000)
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Pervasive Healthcare
Recently pervasive (or ubiquitous) computing has started integrating with healthcare
Examples include:• Wireless, wearable, and implantable sensors• Personal medical devices• Smart home technology• Pervasive computing in care institutions• Pervasive applications for caregivers and nurses• Personal, social, cultural and ethical implications of
developing and using such technology
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Limitations
While good ideas, there have been several barriers to use, mainly:
• Often these technologies are not able to accommodate the changing needs of a user
• Many result in an increase in burden for nurses, caregivers, and family members
Why?- Because you need to take into account context!
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What is Context?
Context can be defined as any information that can be used to characterise the situation of a person, place, or object
Context encompasses everything in the person’s environment, including the person
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What is Artificial Intelligence?
The very general answer:Algorithms and techniques that can act like a human when performing cognitive functions (e.g. decision making)
Artificial intelligence is able to use context to make rational decisions
Most relevant to our research are intelligent sensing and planning techniques
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Sensing and Planning
Intelligent sensing:Allows contextually rich information to be collected about the person a rational manner (develop task, user, and system models)
Intelligent planning: Allows a system to decide what the person is doing and how to react in an appropriate manner (e.g. providing assistance at the appropriate time)
1717
Our Research Goal
To develop intelligent technology that is able to:
• Automatically learn about the user and environment
• Continuously collect data and information
• Use contextual information to autonomously operate and make decisions
2121
Solving POMDPs
A solution to a POMDP is a program (policy) that tells the system what to do in each possible state, in order to maximize the total expected reward• The solution must take into account the
reward after the first action, plus the reward after the second, … into the future.
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Dynamic Programming
Algorithms for solving POMDPs all involve “dynamic programming”:• Iteration• Caching intermediate results
Example:• Compute best policy that looks 1 step into
the future• Compute best policy that looks 2 steps into
the future, using previous results• Repeat until looking further into the future
makes only a small change in total expected reward
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Modeling a System as a POMDP
In class exercise: Model a robot that guides a user through a large assisted living complex.
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