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180 DEGREE RULE USING ADVANCED CAMERA SHOTS, MOVEMENTS AND EDITING TO KEEP CONTINUITY
CONTINUITY - CAMERA & ACTIONContinuity not only deals with costume and scenery. Action and camera position need to be considered from shot to shot to create smooth running continuity.
We construct a map of the invented world of the screen. Movement within and off screen needs to be considered carefully.
TWO SHOT
Over Shoulder
Shot
Over Shoulder Shot Reverse
Action line
180 Degree Rule
180 DEGREE RULEThere is an invisible line between them (Line of Action)
The camera should only be positioned on one side of the line - within 180 degrees.
"Crossing the line" results in a jump cut, discontinuity. Very disorienting to viewer.
30 degrees
30 degrees 30 degrees
30 degrees
Action line
30 Degree Rule
ACTION SCENESIf an actor exits left, we expect them to return from the left; if they exit right, that’s where they should re-enter.
However with a chase or running scene the actor will exit right (usually) and re-enter left, showing us that the action is constantly in the same direction, left to right then left to right again.
Back
Establishing Shot: A shot—typically at the beginning of a scene—that establishes the
whole space (examples - Initial two-shot of characters in
dialogue; image of entire room of people; city or landscape
when where film takes place)
TWO-SHOT: A SHOT COMPOSED OF TWO PEOPLE
SHOT/REVERSE SHOT: ANY PAIR OF SHOTS IN WHICH THE SECOND SHOT REVEALS WHAT IS ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE PREVIOUS SHOT
TAKES: SHOTS MADE DURING THE PRODUCTION OF A FILM
EYELINE MATCHES: CONTINUITY EDITING DICTATES THAT IF A CHARACTER IS LOOKING IN A CERTAIN DIRECTION IN ONE SHOT, HE/SHE SHOULD BE LOOKING IN THE SAME DIRECTION IN THE FOLLOWING SHOT
180-Degree Rule Over-the-Shoulder Cutting
(aspects of Classical Hollywood Style)
How might you describe this shot?
Establishing Shot
Shot angle? Camera distance? Other film terms?
High Angle – Medium Close Up – Symmetrical…what else?
Which film terms could you bring to bear here?
Over-the-Shoulder Cutting from Actor’s P.O.V. (notice 180-Degree Rule)
How could you describe this shot using film terminology?
Over-the-Shoulder Cutting from Actress’s P.O.V. (notice 180-Degree Rule)
Another Over-the-Shoulder Shot from Actress’s P.O.V. (notice 180-Degree Rule) – More intimacy
Another Over-the-Shoulder Shot from Actor’s P.O.V. (notice 180-Degree Rule) – Maintaining intimacy
Return of the Establishing Shot - Equilibrium
Use 14 shots in your Documentary
Refer to handout.
3 examples:
Which one is better?
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