2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)

KEY FINDINGS ON KEY FINDINGS ON

CHILD NUTRITIONCHILD NUTRITION

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

TopicsTopics

Nutritional status of childrenNutritional status of children

Anaemia in childrenAnaemia in children

Infant and young child Infant and young child feeding practicesfeeding practices

ICDS coverageICDS coverage

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

4540

23

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Stunted Underweight Wasted

Undernutrition in Children under Age 3 YearsUndernutrition in Children under Age 3 Years

Percent

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

5145 43 40

20 23

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Stunted Underweight Wasted

NFHS-2 NFHS-3

Undernutrition in Children under Age 3 Undernutrition in Children under Age 3 yearsyears

Percent

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Children’s Nutritional StatusChildren’s Nutritional StatusVaries by StateVaries by State

Children under age 5 years who are underweight (%)

2022 23

25 25 25 26 26

3033 33

36 37 37 38 38 39 40 40 40 41 42 4345

4749

56 5760

20

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

SK

MZ

MN

KE PJ

GA

NA

JK DL

TN AP

AR

AS

HP

MH

KA

UT

WB

HR

TR RJ

OR

UP IN GJ

CH

MG

BH JH MP

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

TopicsTopics

Nutritional status of childrenNutritional status of children

Anaemia in childrenAnaemia in children

Infant and young child Infant and young child feeding practicesfeeding practices

ICDS coverageICDS coverage

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

7479

4 5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Any anaemia Severe anaemia

NFHS-2 NFHS-3

Anaemia among Children Age 6-35 MonthsAnaemia among Children Age 6-35 Months

Percent

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Anaemia PrevalenceAnaemia Prevalence StateState

Anaemia prevalenceAnaemia prevalence

more than 70 percentmore than 70 percent

BiharBihar

Madhya PradeshMadhya Pradesh

Uttar PradeshUttar Pradesh

HaryanaHaryana

ChhattisgarhChhattisgarh

Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh

KarnatakaKarnataka

JharkhandJharkhand

Anaemia prevalenceAnaemia prevalence

Less than 50 percentLess than 50 percent

GoaGoa

ManipurManipur

MizoramMizoram

KeralaKerala

Anaemia Is Widespread Anaemia Is Widespread throughout Indiathroughout India

Children age 6-59 months

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Children in All Groups Have Children in All Groups Have High Anaemia PrevalenceHigh Anaemia Prevalence

Percent of children with any anaemiaPercent of children with any anaemia

• Urban (63%)Urban (63%)

• Wealthiest households (56%)Wealthiest households (56%)

• Children whose mother’s have 12+ Children whose mother’s have 12+ years of education (55%)years of education (55%)

• Girls (69%), boys (70%)Girls (69%), boys (70%)

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

TopicsTopics

Nutritional status of childrenNutritional status of children

Anaemia in childrenAnaemia in children

Infant and young child Infant and young child feeding practicesfeeding practices

ICDS coverageICDS coverage

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Recommended and Actual Recommended and Actual Breastfeeding PracticesBreastfeeding Practices

• Goal: Initiation of breastfeeding within Goal: Initiation of breastfeeding within

1 hour of birth1 hour of birth

• Achievement: 25%Achievement: 25%

• Goal: No prelacteal feedingGoal: No prelacteal feeding

• Achievement: 43%Achievement: 43%

• Goal: Exclusive breastfeeding Goal: Exclusive breastfeeding

(6 months)(6 months)

• Achievement: 46%Achievement: 46%

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Recommended and Actual Recommended and Actual Breastfeeding Practices (contd.)Breastfeeding Practices (contd.)

• Goal: No bottle feedingGoal: No bottle feeding

• Achievement: 86%Achievement: 86%

• Goal: Timely complementary Goal: Timely complementary feeding (age 6-8 months)feeding (age 6-8 months)

• Achievement: 53%Achievement: 53%

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) PracticesPractices

• Goal: Feed breast milk or milk products, and Goal: Feed breast milk or milk products, and feed a minimum number of times from a feed a minimum number of times from a minimum number of food groups (age 6-23 minimum number of food groups (age 6-23 months)months)

• Achievement: 21%Achievement: 21%

• Percent of children fed according to all IYCF Percent of children fed according to all IYCF practicespractices• Same for boys and girlsSame for boys and girls• Twice as high in the highest wealth group as the Twice as high in the highest wealth group as the

lowest wealth grouplowest wealth group• Poorest feeding practices found in Andhra Pradesh, Poorest feeding practices found in Andhra Pradesh,

Maharashtra, and RajasthanMaharashtra, and Rajasthan

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

TopicsTopics

Nutritional status of childrenNutritional status of children

Anaemia in childrenAnaemia in children

Infant and young child Infant and young child feeding practicesfeeding practices

ICDS coverageICDS coverage

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

ICDS CoverageICDS Coverage

In NFHS-3, team supervisors collected In NFHS-3, team supervisors collected information in each enumeration area (EA) on information in each enumeration area (EA) on whether or not the EA was covered by an whether or not the EA was covered by an ICDS/anganwadi centre (AWC) and, if so, ICDS/anganwadi centre (AWC) and, if so, when the centre was establishedwhen the centre was established

72% of EAs are covered by an AWC72% of EAs are covered by an AWC

62% of EAs are covered by an AWC that has 62% of EAs are covered by an AWC that has existed for at least 5 yearsexisted for at least 5 years

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

ICDS CoverageICDS Coverage

More than 90% of EAs are covered by More than 90% of EAs are covered by an AWC in Tripura, Tamil Nadu, an AWC in Tripura, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram, Karnataka, and NagalandMizoram, Karnataka, and Nagaland

The only states where less than half of The only states where less than half of EAs are covered by an AWC are EAs are covered by an AWC are Meghalaya (27%), Delhi, and Arunachal Meghalaya (27%), Delhi, and Arunachal Pradesh (35% each)Pradesh (35% each)

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

ICDS UtilizationICDS Utilization

Women with one or more children born in the Women with one or more children born in the 6 years before the survey were asked about 6 years before the survey were asked about benefits received from an AWC for their benefits received from an AWC for their young children and benefits they themselves young children and benefits they themselves received during pregnancy and while received during pregnancy and while breastfeedingbreastfeeding

Although ICDS Although ICDS coveragecoverage is fairly high, only is fairly high, only 28% of children under age 6 years received 28% of children under age 6 years received anyany service from an AWC in the last year service from an AWC in the last year

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

How Many Children Receive How Many Children Receive Services from an AWC? Services from an AWC?

3326 23

20 18 16

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Any se

rvic

e

Supplem

enta

ry fo

od

Pre-s

chool

Imm

unizatio

ns

Grow

th m

onitorin

g

Health

chec

k-up

s

Percent of age-eligible children in areas with an AWC

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Women’s Use of ICDSWomen’s Use of ICDS

17

9 8

78

21

12 11

83

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

No services Supplementaryfood

Health check-ups

Health/nutritioneducation

Pregnant women Breastfeeding women

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Prime Minister’s Letter to Chief Ministers of Every State

“A number of reports and surveys, including the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) …seem to indicate a noticeable decline in the qualitative aspects of the [ICDS] programme. There is strong evidence that the programme has not led to any substantial improvement in the nutritional status of children under six. Our prevalent rate of under-nutrition in this age group remains one of the highest in the

world”.

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Food for ThoughtFood for Thought

• What innovative steps can What innovative steps can nutrition programmes take to nutrition programmes take to

address these continuing address these continuing challenges and improve challenges and improve

children’s nutrition?children’s nutrition?

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Thank Thank YouYou