A computer is an electronic device that: Accepts information and instructions from a user...
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- A computer is an electronic device that: Accepts information
and instructions from a user Manipulates the information according
to the instructions Displays the information in some way Stores the
information for retrieval later. 2
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- Personal Computers (PCs) Desktop computers Laptops-they are
portable Handheld computers-example? Smartphone Mainframe computers
Supercomputers 3
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- 4 See page ECC 4-5 Tablet PC: Apples IPad2 Pictures of
Computers Supercomputer
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- Desktop Portable (laptops, notebooks) 5 Desktop by HP Laptop by
HP
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- Size-Sits on your desk Speed-Example-2.6 GHz AMD athlon
dual-core processor Cost-$300 to $3500 6
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- Laptops-Laptops come in many brands that use Windows software
such as Dell, Acer, Toshiba, IBM. Brands that use Apple software
are MacBooks. Notebooks-similar to laptops but usually smaller,
lighter. Example: Dell Netbook. Very small. 7
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- PDAs (Personal Data Assistant)- Example-Blackberry-holds
calendar, names and addresses, can access the internet Cell
phones-Iphone, the Droid (Googles answer to the Iphone) Size-can
hold in your hand Cost-$100-$2500 8
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- Example-the computers running MSTC, the computers running the
hospital, the computers running your local bank. Cost : Several
hundred thousand dollars to a million dollars 9
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- Size-Huge Speed-Fastest on the planet Cost-$ Millions
Example-Cray Research in Chippewa Falls WI 10
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- Seymour Cray standing next to the core unit of the Cray-1
computer, circa 1974, Chippewa Falls, WI. Photograph courtesy of
the Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Cray Timeline Cray Timeline About Cray's latest
Supercomputer....The Jaguar About Cray's latest
Supercomputer....The Jaguar 11
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- Include computer hardware and software Hardware the physical
stuff-the case, the guts inside Software refers to the
instructions, the programs that the computer needs to perform a
specific task Specifications-The technical details about each
component (See pg 2 of textbook for an example) 12
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- 13 The motherboard is the main electronic component of the
computer The microprocessor-the brain of a computer, also called
CPU (transistors on a chip, speed)-Examples- Intel, AMD Cards are
removable circuit boards-Example- video cards, sound cards Good
pics on pg ECC 8-9.
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- Input-instructions you put in. How? With a keyboard With a
mouse With a scanner 14
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- Output-the results. How do you see the results? With a monitor
With a printer 16 Monitor
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- Laser-fastest, most expensive, highest quality Inkjet-sprays
ink on paper Dot matrix-punches dots, lowest quality 17
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- Computers understand only code. (0s and 1s; On or Off). They
dont understand English. The code they understand uses binary
digits, called bits. The code is called ASCII code. 8 bits = 1 byte
= 1 character 1 thousand bytes = 1KB (kilobyte) 1 million bytes = 1
MB (megabyte) 1 billion bytes = 1 GB (gigabyte) 1 trillion bytes =
1 TB (terabyte) Main point: Computers use and store A LOT of info!
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- RAM-Random Access Memory Temporary Lost when the computer is
turned off (unless you save your work) ROM-Read Only Memory
Permanent Tells the computer how to boot. 19
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- 20 Hard drive-usually your C: drive. Here at school you will be
storing your work on the H drive and/or your flash drive. CDs and
DVDs-2 things you should NEVER do! 1) Scratch or 2) Expose to high
temps DVD can store 4.7 GB-more than enough capacity for a
full-length feature film. Blu-ray can store more than 5 times more
(25 GB per layer). Flash drives-jump drive-from 32 MB -16 GB
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- A computer file -a collection of stored data: An executable
file -instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific
task A data file -created by a user-you will be creating data files
in Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Access). 21
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- SYSTEM SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE Windows 7 Windows XP
Windows Vista Safari, Lion (Apple Systems) Microsoft Word Microsoft
Powerpoint Microsoft Excel Microsoft Access Gaming Software 22
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- System software- manages the fundamental operations of your
computer. Also called an operating system. Examples- Windows XP
Windows 7 Lion (Apple) 23
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- 24 To get here, click on the folder icon in the bottom left
corner of your desktop. Then click Computer.
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- Application software - enables you to write letters, make
spreadsheets, create databases, create presentations, create games
etc. Examples of application software are Microsoft Word, Excel,
Powerpoint, Access and many others. Example of gaming software-
Blizzard EntertainmentBlizzard Entertainment 25
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- Data communications-the transmission of text, numeric, voice,
or video data from one computer to another or from a computer to a
peripheral (keyboards, printers etc). 4 things are needed for data
communications: Sender Channel-telephone cable, coaxial cable,
optical fibers Protocol-rules for accurate transfer handled by a
driver Receiver 26
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- Data bus-The path connecting the microprocessor, RAM, and
peripherals and back again The data bus needs ports: USB port
(Universal Serial Bus) -where flash drives, cameras, your IPOD
connects Ethernet port-where the internet connects 27
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- A network connects one computer to other computers. Example-LAN
(local area network) 28
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- Communicating over a long distance using a phone line or some
other data line. To do this you need: A modem either outside your
computer or inside on the motherboard. The modem converts a
computer signal (called a digital signal) to a telephone signal
(called an analog signal) and back again on the other end. A phone
line (through the phone company) or a dedicated subscriber line
(DSL) like through the cable company. The DSL will transmit faster
than a telephone line. 29
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- The Internet is the largest network in the world. It offers:
Electronic mail (email) World Wide Web (www)-lots and lots AND LOTS
of information and products Info and products are on web pages A
collection of web pages is a web site. 30
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- Security- steps a computer owner takes to prevent unauthorized
use of or damage to the computer. Viruses- harmful programs. Also
called malware. Antivirus software-searches files for viruses and
disinfects them. Firewall - like a locked door on your computer
which prevents other computers on the internet from accessing yours
without your permission. 31
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- Storing data, applications, and resources on servers which you
access over the Internet rather than on a users computer. Access
only what you need, when you need it. Examples: Google Docs,
Microsoft Web Apps, Windows Live Skydrive. Companies can also have
the Cloud do automatic back-ups of their data. 32
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- Space on Windows Live servers which you access over the
Internet. You can store up to 25 GB of files there You can store
them in public or private folders or in folders that you make
available to only certain people Need a Windows Live ID to use it
(free). See pg ECC 32 for screen display. Here is what Skydrive
looks like: https://login.live.com https://login.live.com 33
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- All photos are courtesy of Course Technology at Cengage
Learning unless credit is otherwise given. YouTube clip of Mouse
courtesy of YouTube. 34