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A2 Physical EducationA2 Physical Education
Catastrophe Theory
Perform
ance
Arousal
Optimum arousal
Extreme Decline
A
BC
D
Catastrophe theory
Catastrophe TheoryCatastrophe Theory
Modification to the inverted U hypothesis Both argue that if arousal increases it will have a
positive effect on performance to a certain point Combination of high physiological arousal with
high cognitive anxiety levels – players become upset to the detriment of the game
Catastrophe TheoryCatastrophe Theory
Deterioration is much more extreme Can not be put right by merely calming down Going over the top! Ability to concentrate Recovery can be very difficult Requires mental toughness
Key to FigureKey to Figure
Point A- Cognitive anxiety - reaching this threshold creates a catastrophic effect
Point B – performers continue with deterioration caused by over arousal May continue to Point C
Point B they get to grips with the problem performance will move towards Point D
Achievement Motivation (Revision)Achievement Motivation (Revision)
Questions Why do some learners/performers achieve and
some don’t ? Why are some performers are driven to be more
competitive? The need to achieve is a relatively stable
disposition to strive for success
Achievement Motivation (Revision)Achievement Motivation (Revision) Introduced by Murray (1938) 20 different motives or needs Achievement is linked to personality of the performer Competitive or Achievement orientated Gill (1986) A person who has high levels of achievement motivation
would have a tendency to strive for success, persists in the face of failure and experience pride in accomplishments
Atkinson's Personality ComponentsAtkinson's Personality Components
Ability to balance two underlying motives
The need to achieve success
The need to avoid failure
Situational ComponentSituational Component
The probability of success along with
The incentive value of that success
High
HighIn
cent
ive
valu
e of
suc
cess
Low Probability of sucess
Atkinson’s suggested relationship between success and the incentive value
Examples and FormulaExamples and Formula
Average player v Professional = probability of success LOW
Incentive value of winning for the average is high = satisfaction
MS – Maf x PS x I – P Motive to succeed Motive to avoid failure Probability of Success Incentive value of
success
Outcome Goal Orientation Outcome Goal Orientation
Motivated by winning and beating the opposition enjoy feelings from competing and comparing.
Ego boosted High expectations for the future
Task Goal OrientationTask Goal Orientation
Want to win Not so interested in comparison to others Developing own technical advances Intrinsic motivation Do fear failure
Stages of MotivationStages of Motivation
Describe Veroffs sequential stages
1. Autonomous competence 2. Social comparison stage 3 Integrated stage List the factors which may influence
achievement motivation
Attribution TheoryAttribution Theory
Perception of causes to behaviour and outcomes
Complete activity 9 and 10 page 451 core text book
AbilityTask Difficulty
effort luck
Stable attributions
Unstable attributions
Internal Attributions
External Attributions
Please complete activity 11 page 452 core text
Self–Serving Bias Self–Serving Bias
Take credit for success Disassociation of failure Blaming External factors Success attributed to internal factors ------ &
---------? Do performers attribute poor performance to
external factors?
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