Aalborg Universitet, 14 June 2017 Maritime Microgrids · Shipboard power system : Electrification...

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Maritime Microgrids

Josep M. Guerrero Professor in Microgrids, IEEE Fellow,

Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University, Denmark

joz@et.aau.dk

Aalborg Universitet, 14 June 2017

www.maritime.et.aau.dk

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

State-of-the-art and trends in SPS

AC-DC grids in SPS

Power Quality Issues in SPS

Cold-Ironing

ESS integration

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

State-of-the-art and trends in SPS

AC-DC grids in SPS

Power Quality Issues in SPS

AC-DC grids in SPS

Power Quality Issues in SPS

Cold-Ironing

ESS integration

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

The electr ic propuls ion solut ions appl ied for some of the main vessel types. Based on the di fference requirement of the ship mission.

Drillship with power and propulsion overview.

Cruise vessel with power and propulsion overview.

Offshore support/construction vessels with power and propulsion overview.

LNG Carrier with power & propulsion overview.

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Conventional Ship

G

Switchboard

Service Loads

Prime Mover

Prime Mover Propulsion

Reduction and Gearbox

G

Switchboard

Service Loads

Prime Mover

GPrime Mover M

Electric Propulsion

G Reduction Gearbox

Switchboard

G Reduction Gearbox

Shaft Generator

Prime Mover

Prime Mover

Service Loads

Propulsion

Propulsion

Shaft Generation Solution

Integrated Power System (AC) Integrated Power System (DC)

(Parallel) Hybrid Propulsion Solution

Game changer: Growing demand of electricity

Game changer: Energy storage

G Reduction Gearbox

Shaft Generator

Prime Mover Propulsion

Battery

Service Loads

GPrime Mover

ElectricPropulsionBattery

Service Loads

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Shipboard Power System architectures

Hybrid electric propulsion system with energy storage architecture. The energy storage allows for more optimal operation of the prime movers for reduced emissions and fuel consumption

Hybrid electric propulsion system architecture. Propulsion is provided at low speed by electric motor. At higher speed provided by the prime movers propulsion power.

Segregate electric plant architecture. The propulsion and power generation separated.

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Listen to the industry and look at the trend (DNV-GL: IN FOCUS- The future is hybrid) :

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Terrestrial Microgrids V.S. Shipboard Microgrids:

0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20

Intermittent Renewables Regular Loads

Shipboard Microgrids Economical Generation Dynamic Loads

0 5 10 15 20

1 Genset online

2 Genset online

3 Genset online

0 5 10 15 20

Intermittency Compensation

Instant Power Support

Mismatch in Generation & Consumption

Control of Energy Storage Systems Terrestrial Microgrids

G

G

Fuel Air+

Battery Bank

Generator Set #1

Generator Set #2

Fuel cell Stack

Propulsion Loads

Auxiliary & service

Loads

EDLC Bank

Key Point

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

ESSGenerator Set #2Generator Set #1

/ WoP

lim+P

/ VdcV

refV

fδψ ESSGenerator Set #2Generator Set #1

/ WoP

lim+P

/ VdcV

refV

fδψ

Inner Loop*refV

refI

Current Regulator

Voltage Regulator

Voltage Equation

refω refP

limIPower Management Function

dcVbatI

Battery Bank Bi-DC/DC Converter

PWM

SoC

Operation Data

secVδPower Management

Function

refω

*refV

Excitation Curve

maxωopmω ω

refψ

dcV

Secondary Regulator

refψ fV

mdLsecδψ

terδψrefP oP

Tertiary Regulator

fdI

PI

Optional

Higher levels design：

Distribution Level（To be performed）

Voltage Restoration Level• Nominal Voltage Restoration Function• QoS Management

Optimization Level• Fuel Consumption Optimization Function• Joint SoC-Generation Scheduling

Power sharing Level• Inverse-droop based voltage deviation calculation• Master/slave based voltage & current control

Physical Level of Microgrid

*refV

( )Vδ δψ

eω &P

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Real-time Simulation Results： Using Inverse-droop Using Frequency-division Inverse-droop

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Integration of Microgrid Technologies In Future Seaports - Nor Baizura Binti Ahamad

Energy Management System in Shiphoard Microgrids - Muzaidi Bin Othman

Maritime DC Microgrid Based On-Board Power System- Zheming Jin

Power Electronics and Power Quality in Maritime Microgrids Systems - Wenzhao Liu

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

State-of-the-art and trends in SPS

AC-DC grids in SPS

Power Quality Issues in SPS

Cold-Ironing

ESS integration

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

State-of-the-art and trends in SPS

AC-DC grids in SPS

Power Quality Issues in SPS

Cold-Ironing

ESS integration

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Source: Vacon Power / Danfoss

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Ferry in Kaohsiung Ferry retrofitting

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

State-of-the-art and trends in SPS

AC-DC grids in SPS

Power Quality Issues in SPS

Cold-Ironing

ESS integration

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

State-of-the-art and trends in SPS

AC-DC grids in SPS

Power Quality Issues in SPS

Cold-Ironing

ESS integration

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Intergrated Power Systems in ships Structure of DC/AC Maritime Microgrid systems

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Harmonic/Inter-harmonic Unbalanced Waveforms

Frequency Variation Power oscillations Flickers, Notching and Fluctuation

Power flow/Power sharing Protection

Prime Mover

Prime Mover

Prime Mover

Prime Mover

#1 Generator

#2 Generator

#3 Generator

#4 Generator

Bus Tie

M

M

Electical Propulsion System

Electical Propulsion System

Power Generation System

#1 Main Switchboard

#2 Main Switchboard

Ship Grid (PCC)

Breaker#1 Load Center

#2 Load Center

Automatic Bus Transfer

Ship Service Loads system

Ship Service Loads

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

PowerSource

and Storage

AC Bus

1L

1C

1i

1dcC

2L

2C

2i

2dcC

Line impadance

STS

DC load

unbalanced voltage

dcv

dci

acp

acq

dcp

( )t s ( )t s

DC Bus

PowerSource

and Storage

AC load

Motor

Control Devices

PowerCompensation

Voltage/FreqRegulation

HarmonicSuppression

Advanced Stucture

PPF

APF

HAPF PFC SVC

STATCOM

UPS

DVR

SSTS

UPQC

MMC

MMC-UPQCMMC-APF

MMC-STATCOM

IHAPF

Control Methods

Power Quality Control

Hysteresis

PI

PR

Dead-beat

PredictiveFuzzy

Repetitive

Robust

Fig.3 AC Microgrid Model Fig.5 Basic PQ control methods

Upper Level Operators（Interfaces to intentional operation）

Tertiary LevelEconomic Dispatching and Optimization

Microgrid Supervision Generation Plan

Secondary LevelPower Quality Control

Power Flow Control Generation Mode Selection

Primary LevelPower Sharing Control

Voltage and Current Control Local Supervision

Physical Level of Microgrid

Fig.4 Different control layers in hierarchical control

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.4

[1] W.Liu, X.Guo, Josep.M. Enhanced Power Quality and Minimized Peak Current Control in An Inverter based Microgrid under Unbalanced Grid Faults. 2016

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Harmonic/Inter-harmonic Unbalanced Waveforms

Frequency Variation Power oscillations Flickers, Notching and Fluctuation

Power flow/Power sharing Protection

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Fig .13 coventional control results I Fig .14 coventional control results II

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.4

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.4

a) Output current

Harmonics

b) Active and reactive power estimation

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.4a) Output current

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.4

Oscillations

b) Active and reactive power estimation

Sinusoidal

Constant

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Source: Danfoss

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

(2)

However, few maritime standards clarified the detailed requirement for the power system onboard except PRS, it is requires that the grid voltage unbalance factor should not be higher than 3% for any electric power system in ships. For the naval ship, only lower than 2% unbalances are permitted for the continuous grid voltage conditions.

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Engine room

Pump

Diesel generator Control board Ship

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

(2)

Fig .1 The industrial AC MMGs based on Horizon II ship

~~

M3~

G13~

G23~

G33~ BP

3~

MS bus 3×400V/50Hz

MS#1 3×230V/50Hz

Consumers3×230V

MS#2 3×230V/50Hz

Consumers3×230V

Consumers3×400V

G1 376kVA

BP10kW

G2 376kVA

G3 376kVA

TR#1 400/230V

20kVA

TR#2 400/230V

20kVA

TM125kW

Power conveter with filter

E1 357kW

E2 357kW

E3 357kW

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

State-of-the-art and trends in SPS

AC-DC grids in SPS

Power Quality Issues in SPS

Cold-Ironing

ESS integration

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

State-of-the-art and trends in SPS

AC-DC grids in SPS

Power Quality Issues in SPS

Cold-Ironing

ESS integration

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

• Change grid frequency from 50Hz to 60Hz and synchronize with ships grid. • Reduced local emissions, noise and vibrations • Increased lifetime for ships engines • Allow maintenance on the ships engines during the harbour stay • Bi-directional: Generator load test power can be fed back to the shore grid – complying to local grid

code

Source: Vacon Power / Danfoss

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

~ ~ ~

G

G

Frequency converter

Transformer switchboard

S2SP connection cable

switchboard

Transformer

switchboard

Onboard generator sets

Shoreside Shipside

Main utility grid

Generic cold ironing standard requirement

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

• D i re c t l y ex t e n d t h e sys t e m b y re p l i ca t e s t h e c o m p l et e re g i m e o f e a c h b e r t h w i t h f re q u e n c y c o n v e r t e r a n d t ra n s fo r m e r.

• E xc e l l e n t f l ex i b i l i t y a n d re d u n d a n c y • H i g h c o s t i n g

• U s e d o n e f re q u e n c y c o n v e r t e r a s a c e n t ra l a n d d o u b l e b u s b a r t o a l l o w e d t h e s h i p b e r t h i n g e i t h e r 5 0 H z o r 6 0 H z .

Centralised cold ironing configuration

Distributed cold ironing configuration

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

• B y ex t e n d i n g o f t w o p re v i o u s c o n f i g u ra t i o n w i t h i n t ro d u c i n g D C b u s .

• E a s i e r t o i n t e g ra t e w i t h a n y e n e rg y s t o ra g e d e v i c e

• A b l e t o u s e i n s m a l l q u a y a re a

DC distribution configuration

E. A. Sciberras, B. Zahawi, D. J. Atkinson, A. Juando, and A. Sarasquete, “Cold ironing and onshore generation for airborne emission reductions in ports,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part M J. Eng. Marit. Environ., vol. 230, no. 1, p. 1475090214532451, 2014.

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

State-of-the-art and trends in SPS

AC-DC grids in SPS

Power Quality Issues in SPS

Cold-Ironing

ESS integration

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

State-of-the-art and trends in SPS

AC-DC grids in SPS

Power Quality Issues in SPS

Cold-Ironing

ESS integration

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 806

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Time (minutes)

Powe

r [MW]

Measured LoadAverage Demand

Heavy DP&

Normal Drilling

Normal DP&

Normal Drilling

Heavy DP&

Heavy Drilling

Survival

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk 44

Power Energy

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Time (s)

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Pow

er (M

W)

1st Cycle 2nd Cycle

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Time (s)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Pow

er (M

W)

Energy required (injection) for each lifting period

Injecion for compensation period

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk 45

DCDC

ACDC

Econ

omic

Pow

er D

ispat

ch

Energy Storage System

Drilling Drive

AzimuthThruster

Electric Power Plant

DC Load

AC Load

System Load

Mission Profile

Shipboard Section

Plant Configuration

Units Specifications

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 806

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Time (minutes)

Powe

r [M

W]

Total Load

Measured LoadAverage Demand

Case A

Case B

Case C

Case D

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk 46

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

1. Z. Jin, L. Meng, J. C. Vasquez, J. M. Guerrero, “Specialized Hierarchical Control Strategy for DC Distribution based Shipboard Microgrids ” in IEEE ESARS 2016

2. Z. Jin, L. Meng, R. Han, J. C. Vasquez, J. M. Guerrero, “Hierarchical Control Design for Shipboard Power System with DC Distribution and Energy Storage aboard Future More-Electric Ships” for IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

3. A Cost-effective and Emission-aware Power Management System for Ships with Integrated Full Electric Propulsion. / Kanellos, Fotis D.; Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad; Guerrero, Josep M., In: Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 150, 09.2017, p. 63-75.

4. Maritime DC Microgrids - A Combination of Microgrid Technologies and Maritime Onboard Power System for Future Ships. / Jin, Zheming; Savaghebi, Mehdi; Quintero, Juan Carlos Vasquez; Meng, Lexuan; Guerrero, Josep M., Proceedings of 2016 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference - ECCE Asia (IPEMC 2016-ECCE Asia) . IEEE, 2016. p. 179 - 184 .

5. Next-Generation Shipboard DC Power System : Introduction Smart Grid and dc Microgrid Technologies into Maritime Electrical Networks. / Jin, Zheming; Sulligoi, Giorgio; Cuzner, Rob; Meng, Lexuan; Quintero, Juan Carlos Vasquez; Guerrero, Josep M., In: I E E E Electrification Magazine, Vol. 4, No. 2, 06.2016, p. 45-57.

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

6. Optimal Planning and Operation Management of a Ship Electrical Power System with Energy Storage System. / Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad; Dragicevic, Tomislav; Meng, Lexuan; Sun, Bo; Guerrero, Josep M., Proceedings of 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), 2016. IEEE Press, 2016. p. 2095 - 2099.

7. Shipboard Microgrids : Maritime Islanded Power Systems Technologies. / Guerrero, Josep M.; Jin, Zheming; Liu, Wenzhao; Bin Othman @ Marzuki, Muzaidi; Savaghebi, Mehdi; Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad; Meng, Lexuan; Quintero, Juan Carlos Vasquez., Proceedings of PCIM ASIA 2016. International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management. VDE Verlag GMBH, 2016. p. 135-142.

8. Smart Shipboard Power System Operation and Management. / Kanellos, Fotis D.; Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad; Guerrero, Josep M., In: Inventions , Vol. 1, No. 4, 22, 11.2016, p. 1-14.

9. Frequency-Division Power Sharing and Hierarchical Control Design for DC Shipboard Microgrids with Hybrid Energy Storage Systems. / Jin, Zheming; Meng, Lexuan; Quintero, Juan Carlos Vasquez; Guerrero, Josep M., Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE Press, 2017. 1594.

10. Review of Ship Microgrids: System Architectures, Storage Technologies and Power Quality Aspects. / Gamini, Shantha; Meegahapola, Lasantha ; Fernando, Nuwantha ; Jin, Zheming; Guerrero, Josep M., In: Inventions , Vol. 2, No. 4, 02.2017.

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

www.maritime.et.aau.dk For contact/cooperation: Josep M. Guerrero joz@et.aau.dk THANK YOU!