Acoustic Leak Detection for Water Distribution Systems · • Leaks Found Inside Buildings – With...

Engineer Research and Development CenterUS Army Corpsof Engineers

Acoustic LeakDetection forWater Distribution SystemsSean MorefieldERDC-CERLChampaign IL(217) 373-4567Sean.Morefield@erdc.usace.army.mil

Vincent F. HockERDC-CERLChampaign IL(217) 373-6753Vincent.F.Hock@erdc.usace.army.mil

John CarlyleCarlyle ConsultingYardley PA(215) 428-4556Jcarlyle@carlcons.com

Overview

• Requirement, Background• Technical Overview of Acoustic Leak

Detection• Army Facility Testing• Permanently Mounted Sensor

Demonstration

• Requirement, Background• Technical Overview of Acoustic Leak

Detection• Army Facility Testing• Permanently Mounted Sensor

Demonstration

Requirement / Problem• Originally developed to detect fuel leaks• EQ STRAT REQT: Compliance 2.111.2.00

Improved Leak Detection and PreventionTechnologies for Underground Storage Tanks(UST) and Underground Pipeline

• EPA Requirement:– Annual tightness test

• Detecting a leak as small as 0.1 gal/hr• Probability to detect 95%• Probability of false alarm 5%

– Monthly monitoring test• Detecting a leak as small as 0.2 gal/hr

• Originally developed to detect fuel leaks• EQ STRAT REQT: Compliance 2.111.2.00

Improved Leak Detection and PreventionTechnologies for Underground Storage Tanks(UST) and Underground Pipeline

• EPA Requirement:– Annual tightness test

• Detecting a leak as small as 0.1 gal/hr• Probability to detect 95%• Probability of false alarm 5%

– Monthly monitoring test• Detecting a leak as small as 0.2 gal/hr

Early DEM/VAL of AcousticEmission Technology

• EPA - SERDP Testing• Army Testing Systems:

– Hydrant Lines,– Heat distribution high temperature conduit pipe

system– Deluge fire protection pipelines– Dual temperature heating and cooling– PVC fire hydrant supply– Domestic potable water

US Army Corpsof Engineers Engineer Research & Development Center

E&M Conference August 2001 Reno, NV

Technical Overview

Acoustic Listening Equipment

Leak-Location ThroughAcoustic Correlation

A correlator works by detecting the sound from the leak when itarrives at two sensor points on the pipe, either side of the suspectedleak position. The sound arrives at the closer of the two sensors first;then there is a "time delay" (Td) before the sound arrives at the farthersensor. This time delay, combined with knowledge of the distance (D)between the sensors and the velocity (V) of the sound in the pipe,enables the correlator to calculate the leak position (L)

Types of Sensor Mounting

• Acoustic Leak detection on operating HTW double walledpipelines

• Developed simple, generic field method of mountingsensors to carrier pipe

• Waveguide needed due to high surface temperatures ofcarrier pipe

Types of Sensor Mounting

Range of Application

• Useful on carrier lines with many purposes– Underground heating– Cooling– Fire Suppression/Deluge– Potable water

• Useful on material compositions– Ferrous– Copper– Transite– Bondstrand

• Useful on carrier lines with many purposes– Underground heating– Cooling– Fire Suppression/Deluge– Potable water

• Useful on material compositions– Ferrous– Copper– Transite– Bondstrand

Pinpointing Location ThroughNoise Reduction Algorithms

Dual Temperature Heating andCooling System Leak Survey

Dual Temperature System

Domestic Potable Water LeakSurvey

Acoustic ListeningInstrument

Texas Sized FireHydrant

Summary of Leaks Found• Number of Acoustic Measurements Made – 2344

(for 328 miles, this is an average spacing of 738 feet)• Main Line Leaks Found

– With water showing – 4– Without water showing – 2

• Leaks Found At Fire Hydrants– With water showing – 10– Without water showing – 57

• Leaks Found Inside Buildings– With water showing – 4– Without water showing – 33

• Number of Acoustic Measurements Made – 2344(for 328 miles, this is an average spacing of 738 feet)

• Main Line Leaks Found– With water showing – 4– Without water showing – 2

• Leaks Found At Fire Hydrants– With water showing – 10– Without water showing – 57

• Leaks Found Inside Buildings– With water showing – 4– Without water showing – 33

Supply Leak

Leak 1

Leak 2

Building 1 Leak• Although there was no visible surface water at

this location, we obtained a strong correlationlocation. We also heard sounds of flowing waterusing a ground microphone.

• It is possible this is inside the house.

• Although there was no visible surface water atthis location, we obtained a strong correlationlocation. We also heard sounds of flowing waterusing a ground microphone.

• It is possible this is inside the house.

Building 2• Although there was no water showing at this

location, we obtained a strong correlationlocation. We also heard sounds of flowing waterusing a ground microphone.

• There is no alternate explanation for this result.

• Although there was no water showing at thislocation, we obtained a strong correlationlocation. We also heard sounds of flowing waterusing a ground microphone.

• There is no alternate explanation for this result.

Conclusions• Conclusions

– Acoustic listening equipment is effective at rapidlyfinding leaks with a sensor placement spacing of up to1000 feet

– Acoustic listening instruments can listen to flow noisethrough sensors coupled to a pipe magnetically,mechanically, or through the soil using a groundmicrophone

– Acoustic Correlation leak detection is highly effective atlocating leaks as small as 0.1 gal/hr

– Both instruments are effective on a wide range of pipematerials such as metallic and PVC, and less sensitiveon Transite

• Conclusions– Acoustic listening equipment is effective at rapidly

finding leaks with a sensor placement spacing of up to1000 feet

– Acoustic listening instruments can listen to flow noisethrough sensors coupled to a pipe magnetically,mechanically, or through the soil using a groundmicrophone

– Acoustic Correlation leak detection is highly effective atlocating leaks as small as 0.1 gal/hr

– Both instruments are effective on a wide range of pipematerials such as metallic and PVC, and less sensitiveon Transite

Backup Slides

Permalog Sensors

Permanently Installed Sensors

Acoustic Leak Detection for Water Distribution Systems · • Leaks Found Inside Buildings – With...

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