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Aedes Mosquito Biology and Behavior
Laura C. Harrington, PhD
Professor, Department of Entomology
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Asian tiger mosquitoYellow fever mosquito
Asian bush mosquito
Aedes mosquitoes introduced into the USA
Asian tiger mosquito
(Aedes albopictus)
Yellow fever mosquito
(Aedes aegypti)
Aedes mosquitoes introduced into the USA
One of the most invasive
species in the world
Outline
• Life history, ecology and identification of Aedes container
breeding mosquitoes
•Identification of Aedes container breeding mosquitoes
•unique biology and habit differences from the rest of
commonly encountered mosquitoes
•Geographic presence, range expansion
•Changing environment and challenges for surveillance and
control
• Aedes larvae hatch upon stimulation (flooding, reduced
O2)
• breaking out of the shell using an egg tooth located on
the head
Larvae: respiration and feeding
Short breathing siphon
Trachea enter the siphon and
breathing occurs through spiracles
Larvae hangs at angle to respire and
feed just below the water column
• Mosquito larvae feed on particles
in the water column including:
organic detritis
protozoa
small bacteria
fungi/algae
• Drinking water essential
• Sensitive to changes in light, physical
currents that indicate predators
Predators
•Insects (dragonfly larvae and other aquatic insect predators)
•Toxorhynchites mosquito larvae
•Copepods
•Fish
Host seeking
• several stages activation (low or high light intensity)
orientation (visual and chemical, heat (<20 m)
landing
probing
Timing of feeding
Aedes/Ochlerotatus – daytime feeders
Anopheles- nighttime, dawn/dusk
feeders
Culex-nighttime feeders
Adult feeding
•preference for host varies by species
•human feeding = anthropophilic
•animal feeding=zoophilic
•bird feeding= ornithophilic
•generalist feeding
Yellow fever
mosquito
Asian tiger
mosquito
Pathogens are ingested by the mosquito, after
incubation period, and can be injected into a new
host
Outline
• Life history, ecology and identification of Aedes container
breeding mosquitoes
•Identification of Aedes container breeding mosquitoes
•unique biology and habit differences from the rest of
commonly encountered mosquitoes
•Geographic presence, range expansion
•Changing environment and challenges for surveillance and
control
Outline
• Life history, ecology and identification of Aedes container
breeding mosquitoes
•Identification of Aedes container breeding mosquitoes
•unique biology and habit differences from the rest of
commonly encountered mosquitoes
•Geographic presence, range expansion
•Changing environment and challenges for surveillance and
control
What makes the yellow fever mosquito unique as a
vector?
• Preference for humans
• Close association and contact with humans
• Multiple feeding behavior
• Stealthy biter
• Ability to breed in very small containers
Why is the Asian tiger mosquito such a invader?
• Egg stage and
container-aided dispersal
• Hibernation (Diapause)
• Larval competition
Outline
• Life history, ecology and identification of Aedes container
breeding mosquitoes
•Identification of Aedes container breeding mosquitoes
•unique biology and habit differences from the rest of
commonly encountered mosquitoes
•Geographic presence, range expansion
•Changing environment and challenges for surveillance and
control
Global map of the distribution of yellow fever mosquito
Points represent known occurrences (transient [triangles] or established [circles]) until the
end of 2013. Kraemer et al. eLife 2015;4:e08347
US map of the distribution of yellow fever mosquito
Points represent known occurrences (transient [triangles] or established [circles]) until the
end of 2013. Kraemer et al. eLife 2015;4:e08347
US distribution of Ae. albopictus
Regions in which Ae. albopictus is rapidly expanding its range. Points represent known
occurrences (transient [triangles] or established [circles]) until the end of 2013.
Kraemer et al. eLife 2015;4:e08347
Outline
• Life history, ecology and identification of Aedes container
breeding mosquitoes
•Identification of Aedes container breeding mosquitoes
•unique biology and habit differences from the rest of
commonly encountered mosquitoes
•Geographic presence, range expansion
•Changing environment and challenges for surveillance and
control
• Temperature drives development of the mosquito and
the pathogen, increases vector host contact and
increases population size
Climate change influences mosquito vectors and
disease transmission
• Extreme rainfall events can increase breeding site
availability leading to larger vector populations,
higher humidity can increase vector survival rate
Figure 1. Dissemination station (DS) used for “auto-dissemination” experiments in Rome.
Caputo B, Ienco A, Cianci D, Pombi M, Petrarca V, et al. (2012) The “Auto-Dissemination” Approach: A Novel Concept to Fight Aedes
albopictus in Urban Areas. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6(8): e1793. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001793
http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001793
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