An Introduction to Digital Media and Image Editing Techniques

An Introduction to

Digital Media and

Image Editing

Techniques

By Ryan Dunne

& Mario Piljic

Outcomes• 5.2.1 describes and applies problem-solving

processes when creating solutions

• 5.2.2 designs, produces and evaluates appropriate solutions to a range of challenging problems

• 5.2.3 critically analyses decision-making processes in a range of information and software solutions.

Introduction to Digital Media

What is Digital Media?• Digital Media is data which is stored, displayed and manipulated

electronically.

• Digital Media can be converted to analogue format.

• Analogue media can be digitalised, allowing data storage and manipulation.

• Digital Media does not only exist on computers. ..

References:(Vaughan, 2008)

Purpose of Digital Media

• Entertainment

• Video Games

• Interactive TV

• Cloud media

• Augmented reality

• Internet

• Mobile Technology

• Informative

• Digital Newspaper

• Education and Learning

• E-Books

• Mobile Technology

• Internet

Types of Digital Media

5 major categories of digital media

• Graphics

• Text

• Audio

• Video

• Animation

References:(Vaughan, 2008)

Graphical Design• Graphics are visual still representations.

• Graphics combine different ideas into a visual representation.

• Graphics can be informative, educational, entertaining and artistic.

• Digital Graphics are broken up into 2 categories: Bitmap and Vector.

References:(Vaughan, 2008)

Graphical Design• Vector:

Each individual object contained in a vector image is defined by a mathematical equation. This means that vector images are not resolution dependent. Thus, each vector object is scalable and can generally be resized without any loss of image quality.

• Bitmap/Raster:

Use coloured pixels to crate an image and are

mapped according to their placement and colour.

When stretched the image becomes blocky as the

pixels are expanded.Reference: http://www.tech-faq.com/vector-images.htmlhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/aa/VectorBitmapExample.svg

Desktop Publishing

Reference: http://desktoppub.about.com/od/software/f/software_list.htm

• Desktop Publish is the use of a purpose built software to design and create a document for publication.

• All Desktop Publishing software use a “What You See Is What You Get” (WYSIWYG) approach where all measurements and details are shown and used.

• Desktop Publishing software integrates text, number and graphics into one final product.

• This program can be used on a small scale by amateur users in the production of flyers or promotions or high end users producing newspaper articles.

Publisher Guide:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sh4GfcgBMpk

Desktop Publishing• Scribus is a desktop

publishing (DTP) application, released under the GNU General Public License as free software. Versions are available for Linux, Unix-like, Mac OS X, OS/2, and Microsoft Windows.

• It is known for its broad set of page layout features, comparable to leading non-free applications such as Adobe PageMaker,

Reference: http://ostatic.com/scribus/home/1

Desktop Publishing• Microsoft Publisher 2010 is

bundled in many Office packages and is in most schools.

• One of the most used Desktop Publishing programs in the world.

• It allows for the sharing of customised user templates online.

• Built in system that allows for publishing with consistent accuracy and fluid designs.

Reference: http://desktoppub.about.com/od/software/f/software_list.htm

Audio• Audio is a form of digital media that is converted

from an analogue signal to a digital signal through

the process of pulse code modulation.

• The sound can then be converted to a variety of

formats including the most common MP3 or WAV.

Reference: http://www.tech-faq.com/pulse-code-modulation.html

Audio

Reference: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ethanhein/2378146633/

Pulse code modulation process

is the translation of a

microphone analogue

waveform into a digital

waveform. Red line represents

the continuous voltage, and the

stair stepped black line is the

digitization process.

AudioE-Music is usually available in the MPEG layer 3

(MP3) audio format, which allows data to be

stored with minimal loss of audio quality and with

small file sizes. All digital data is stored in bits,

where the greater the depth of bits the less of the

original analogue signal is lost in the conversion

process.

Reference: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ethanhein/2378146633/

AudioAudacity is one program that allows

manipulation and conversion of audio files,

which is assessable in most educational

settings. It is a free, easy-to-use and

multilingual audio editor and recorder for

Windows, Mac OS X, GNU/Linux and other

operating systems.

Referencehttp://audacity.sourceforge.net/

AudioYou can use Audacity to:• Record live audio.• Convert tapes and records into digital

recordings or CDs.• Edit Ogg Vorbis, MP3, WAV or AIFF sound

files.• Cut, copy, splice or mix sounds together.• Change the speed or pitch of a recording.

Referencehttp://audacity.sourceforge.net/

Intro to Audacity : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7Md_7rOEjI&feature=fvwrel

Video• Digital video is the process of capturing,

manipulating, and storing of moving images

that can be viewed on computer screens.

• One very important advantage is offered

through the digitization of video and that is

the ability to edit and manipulate the

content.

Reference: http://www.edb.utexas.edu/minliu/multimedia/Digital%20Video.pdf

Video• The process involved in digital video production

includes the following:

• Camera and a microphone which capture the

picture and sounds of a video session and send

analogue signals to a video-capture adapter board.

The board only captures half of the number of

frames per second that movies use in order to

reduce the amount of data to be processed.

Reference: http://www.edb.utexas.edu/minliu/multimedia/Digital%20Video.pdf

Video• An analogue-to-digital converter chip on the

video-capture adapter card, which converts

the analogue signals (waves) to digital

patterns (0s and 1s).

• A compression/decompression chip or

software which reduces the data to a

minimum necessary for recreating the video

signals .

Reference: http://www.edb.utexas.edu/minliu/multimedia/Digital%20Video.pdf

VideoThere are a variety of programs available for use to

manipulate and edit digital video content. The most

common and popular one includes:

Windows Live Movie Maker 2011

http://explore.live.com/windows-live-movie-maker?os=other

Tutorial link

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9C-D30_P8Q

Animation• Animation is an optical illusion which is created when 2 dimensional or 3

dimensional graphics are shown at speed.

• There are 3 types of animation:

• Cell - which digital cartoons can implement

• Tweening - a process of animation where an object moves and takes frames

instead of cells.

• Morphing- the process of an object changing to another in a singular motion

thus creating an illusion

Morphing:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vni4zR52bSk&feature=relatedReferences:(Vaughan, 2008)

Animation• Adobe Flash CS5 is a program which takes still graphics and puts them

into a frame within a storyline.

Flash Capabilities: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qo1d6ttbAq8

References:http://www.adobe.com/products/flashplayer/

Animation• The graphics can be moved and altered in each frame. When the

storyline runs the animation will look like it is moving.

• Adobe Flash CS5 can incorporate audio, create games, videos and

animation .

References:http://www.adobe.com/products/flashplayer/

File Types and Digital Media

Digital Media Type

File Format Types

Graphics JPEG – Joint Photography Experts Group PNG – Portable Network GraphicsBMP – BitMap

Desktop Publishing DTP – Desk Top Publishing DocumentPUB – Publication

Audio MP3 – MPEG audio stream layer 3FLAC – Audio codecWAV – Microsoft Windows RIFF WAVE

Video AVI – Audio Video Interleaved MPEG – multimedia container formatWMV – Windows Media Video

Animation FLA – Adobe Flash FileSOL – Adobe Flash shared object FLX – Animation format

Graphical Design Photoshop Task