View
285
Download
4
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
ANGGOTA FILUM CHORDATA
I GEDE SUDIRGAYASA
ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME
Notochord
Commonancestor ofchordates
Head
Vertebral column
Jaws, mineralized skeleton
Lungs or lung derivatives
Lobed fins
Limbs with digits
Amniotic egg
Milk
Echinodermata
Cephalochordata
Urochordata
Myxini
Petromyzontida
Chondrichthyes
Actinopterygii
Actinistia
Dipnoi
Amphibia
Reptilia
Mammalia
Ch
ord
ates
Cran
iates
Ve
rteb
rates
Gn
atho
stom
es
Oste
ichth
yans
Lob
e-fin
s
Tetrapo
ds
Am
nio
tes
FILOGENI KORDATA YANG MASIH ADA
What do you notice that is odd?
KRANIATA(KORDATA YANG MEMILIKI KEPALA)
ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME
Notochord
Commonancestor ofchordates
Head
Vertebral column
Jaws, mineralized skeleton
Lungs or lung derivatives
Lobed fins
Limbs with digits
Amniotic egg
Milk
Echinodermata
Cephalochordata
Urochordata
Myxini
Petromyzontida
Chondrichthyes
Actinopterygii
Actinistia
Dipnoi
Amphibia
Reptilia
Mammalia
Ch
ord
ates
Cran
iates
Ve
rteb
rates
Gn
atho
stom
es
Oste
ichth
yans
Lob
e-fin
s
Tetrapo
ds
Am
nio
tes
FILOGENI KORDATA YANG MASIH ADA
What do you notice that is odd?
Slime glands
HAGFISHES (IKAN PASUK)
Karakteristik Hagfishes
• Hagfishes memiliki tengkorak kartilago
• Tanpa rahang dan vertebrae
• Memiliki otak kecil, mata, telinga, dan bukaan nasal yang berhubungan dengan faring
• Mulut memiliki formasi serupa gigi dari protein keratin
• Hagfishes adalah hewan laut
• Sebagian besar pemakan bangkai dan ikan sakit
• Ada 30 spesies
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
• Vid
• Vid
• Vid
ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME
Notochord
Commonancestor ofchordates
Head
Vertebral column
Jaws, mineralized skeleton
Lungs or lung derivatives
Lobed fins
Limbs with digits
Amniotic egg
Milk
Echinodermata
Cephalochordata
Urochordata
Myxini
Petromyzontida
Chondrichthyes
Actinopterygii
Actinistia
Dipnoi
Amphibia
Reptilia
Mammalia
Ch
ord
ates
Cran
iates
Ve
rteb
rates
Gn
atho
stom
es
Oste
ichth
yans
Lob
e-fin
s
Tetrapo
ds
Am
nio
tes
REVIEW
What do you notice that is odd?
VERTEBRATA(KRANIATA YANG BERTULANG BLAKANG)
ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME
Notochord
Commonancestor ofchordates
Head
Vertebral column
Jaws, mineralized skeleton
Lungs or lung derivatives
Lobed fins
Limbs with digits
Amniotic egg
Milk
Echinodermata
Cephalochordata
Urochordata
Myxini
Petromyzontida
Chondrichthyes
Actinopterygii
Actinistia
Dipnoi
Amphibia
Reptilia
Mammalia
Ch
ord
ates
Cran
iates
Ve
rteb
rates
Gn
atho
stom
es
Oste
ichth
yans
Lob
e-fin
s
Tetrapo
ds
Am
nio
tes
FILOGENI KORDATA YANG MASIH ADA
What do you notice that is odd?
Lampreys
Karakteristik Lampreys
• Lampreys (Petromyzontida) merepresentasikan garis keturunan vertebrata tertua
• Ada sekitar 35 spesies
• Tidak berahang
• Hidup di air laut dan tawar
• Kebanyakan parasit
• Rangka kartilago
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 34.11
Dental elements(within head)
Conodonts were the first vertebrates with mineralized skeletal elements
• VID
• VID
ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME
Notochord
Commonancestor ofchordates
Head
Vertebral column
Jaws, mineralized skeleton
Lungs or lung derivatives
Lobed fins
Limbs with digits
Amniotic egg
Milk
Echinodermata
Cephalochordata
Urochordata
Myxini
Petromyzontida
Chondrichthyes
Actinopterygii
Actinistia
Dipnoi
Amphibia
Reptilia
Mammalia
Ch
ord
ates
Cran
iates
Ve
rteb
rates
Gn
atho
stom
es
Oste
ichth
yans
Lob
e-fin
s
Tetrapo
ds
Am
nio
tes
REVIEW
What do you notice that is odd?
Gnatostoma (vertebrata yang berahang)
ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME
Notochord
Commonancestor ofchordates
Head
Vertebral column
Jaws, mineralized skeleton
Lungs or lung derivatives
Lobed fins
Limbs with digits
Amniotic egg
Milk
Echinodermata
Cephalochordata
Urochordata
Myxini
Petromyzontida
Chondrichthyes
Actinopterygii
Actinistia
Dipnoi
Amphibia
Reptilia
Mammalia
Ch
ord
ates
Cran
iates
Ve
rteb
rates
Gn
atho
stom
es
Oste
ichth
yans
Lob
e-fin
s
Tetrapo
ds
Am
nio
tes
FILOGENI KORDATA YANG MASIH ADA
What do you notice that is odd?
Gill slits Cranium
Skeletal rodsMouth
Hipotesisevolusi rahang vertebrata
Fossil of an early gnathostome.
0.5 m
Karakteristik gnatostoma
• Muncul sekitar periode ordovisium (470 jtl)
• Berahang
• Kembangkan sirip berpasangan dan ekor
• Otak depan berkembang lebih besar dari kraniata yang lain
• Indra penciuman dan pendengaran lebih baik
• Ada sistem gurat sisi
Chondrichthyans (Sharks, Rays, and Their Relatives)
• Chondrichthyans (Chondrichthyes) have a skeleton composed primarily of cartilage
• The largest and most diverse group of chondrichthyans includes the sharks, rays
• Masih ada sekitar 750 spesies
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
(a) Blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus)
(b) Southern stingray (Dasyatis americana)
(c) Spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei)
Dorsal fins
Pectoralfins Pelvic fins
Chondrichthyans(Sharks, Rays, and Their Relatives)
• Hiu dan pari terbesar adalah pemakan suspensi yang mengkonsumsi plankton
• Sebagian besar karnivor• Hiu memiliki indra yang tajam• Tapi buta warna• Lubang hidung Cuma untuk mencium, tidak
bernapas• Tidak punya gendang telinga• Daerah sekitar kulit kepala dapat deteksi medan
listrik dari hewan sekitarnya
• The reproductive tract, excretory system, and digestive tract empty into a common cloaca
• Shark eggs are fertilized internally but embryos can develop in different ways
– Oviparous: Eggs hatch outside the mother’s body– Ovoviviparous: The embryo develops within the uterus
and is nourished by the egg yolk– Viviparous: The embryo develops within the uterus
and is nourished through a yolk sac placenta from the mother’s blood
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hiu goblin
Hiu modern
• Hiu terancam punah
• Populasi hiu di atlantik barat laut berkurang 75% selama lebih dari 15 tahun
vid
• VID• VID• VID• VID• Vid• Vid• Vid• Vid• VID
ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME
Notochord
Commonancestor ofchordates
Head
Vertebral column
Jaws, mineralized skeleton
Lungs or lung derivatives
Lobed fins
Limbs with digits
Amniotic egg
Milk
Echinodermata
Cephalochordata
Urochordata
Myxini
Petromyzontida
Chondrichthyes
Actinopterygii
Actinistia
Dipnoi
Amphibia
Reptilia
Mammalia
Ch
ord
ates
Cran
iates
Ve
rteb
rates
Gn
atho
stom
es
Oste
ichth
yans
Lob
e-fin
s
Tetrapo
ds
Am
nio
tes
REVIEW
What do you notice that is odd?
SESI DISKUSI
Recommended