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Animal Kingdom
Organ level of organisation
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Well-developed organs e.g. pharynx,
eyespots, simple brain, complex
reproductive structures.
Simple nervous system ladder type.
Excretory structures, protonephridia with
specialised collecting cells called flame
cells.
Gastrovascular cavity, often extensively
branched.
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Roundworms
Roundworms contain a pseudocoelom
Member of this group cause diseases such
as elephantiasis
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Coelom.
A coelom is a body cavity surrounding the
digestive organ or system.
A coelom develops as a cavity within themesoderm. It is completely lined with mesoderm.
The organs are held in place by mesenteries.
Therefore more stable and less crowded. Can
become more complex.
The gut is muscular.
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It allows organs and body wall to move
independently. Coelom is fluid filled and this fluid protects
and cushions the internal organs.
Coelomic fluids can assist respiration,circulation and excretion.
Can act as a hydrostatic skeleton.
Allows animal to change shape.
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Molluscs.
Body has 3 parts;
Visceral mass; contains internal organs.
Mantle; may secrete a shell, gills or lungs
development.
Foot; locomotion, food capture or
attachment.
A radula is often present.
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Very successful; more than twice the
number of vertebrate species over 110,000
living species.
Most are marine but there are also fresh
water and land molluscs.
Nervous system: several ganglia connected
by nerve cords.
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Open circulatory system in most. Blue haemocyanin.
Some molluscs are slow moving and have
no head; others have a definite head andsense organs and are active predators.
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Bivalves
Clams, oysters, mussels, scallops
Foot is used for burrowing, production of
threads.
Some clams produce a certain type of larva
which is also produced by annelids.
Suggests a relationship between the two
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Cephalopods;
Squids, cuttlefish, octopuses, nautiluses
Fast swimming predators.
Closed circulatory system; efficient and
effectively circulates oxygen and nutrients
to body parts.
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Gastropods
Snails, whelks, periwinkles, slugs
Garden snails well adapted to terrestrial habitat.
Shell offers protection and prevents drying out Lubricating mucus makes movement easy.
Has a copulating organ
Hermaphrodite
Mantle becomes a lung
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