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2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
1
January 09, 2017
Hail, Dew, Frost
Questions
Answer in your notes:1. Starting with water at ground level, describe in your ownwords how a cloud forms. Include the energy flow thatoccurs at each stage.
2. Starting with evaporation at or near Earth’s surface, list the changes of state (solid, liquid, gas) that occur in order to form(a) dew, (b) frost, (c) drizzle, (d) snow, and (e) ice pellets.
3. When a jet aircraft flies high overhead on a clear day, you can see a cloud‐like trail, called a contrail, in its path. Suggest a reason for this development.
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
5. Prevailing Winds
Winds• Wind is a movement of air in the atmosphere.• Some winds are local or regional (they occur
in a fairly small area), while others are major winds patterns (covering much larger areas).
• Winds that affect large areas of the planet are called prevailing winds. They affect weather and climate globally.
• Prevailing winds are caused by a combination of convection currents and Earth's rotation.
Convection in Air
Convection in Air: moves heat energy from the equator toward the poles.
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
3. Earth's Rotation
No Rotation: Rotation:
• Convection causes air warmed at the equator to rise and flow up and toward the poles.
• Cool air rushes in along the surface from the poles toward the equator to replace the warm air that rose up.
• Because Earth rotates (day/night), the wind is deflected off course (twisted). This is called the Coriolis Effect. >If Earth didn't rotate, we'd only experience wind blowing from the poles to the equator.
5. Prevailing Winds
• Low‐pressure when air rises >Fewer air particles
– Weather:
• High Pressure when air falls >More air particles
–Weather:
Winds: Pressure Difference
• Matter always flows from areas of high to low pressure.• This is why we get convection currents ‐ cool air is drawn back along the surface toward areas of lower pressure, where it gets heated.
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
Air Currents
4. Jet Stream
The jet stream is a strong wind current that flows in the upper atmosphere due to pressure differences made by convection.
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
Thin Atmosphere
p. 519 #14
p.519 #1‐4
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
The Hydrosphere
The Hydrosphere
Earth's surface is 70% waterMost is found in the oceans & is salty
Water Resources
The Hydrosphere
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
Water Currents
Major Ocean Currents Textbook Section 13.9
ASAP Science What If All the Ice Melted? (6m)
6. Ocean Currents
Ocean Layers & Convection
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
Energy in Land
Land MassesLow albedo: absorb energy, dark surfaces (forests, oceans, etc)
High albedo: reflect energy, light surfaces (sand, ice, & snow).
Land has low heat capacity: doesn't take much energy to heat/cool it, but it doesn't hold it well. (Poor heat sink).
Energy is transferred through landmasses by conduction.
Sea & Land Breezes
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
Lake Effect Snow
Orographic Lifting
Land Masses: Orographic Lifting
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
Orographic Clouds
Orographic Lifting
Land Masses: Orographic Lifting
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
Chinook Winds
Moutains & Valleys
Land Masses: Relief
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
Tornado Alley
Weather Maps
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
North Am Trends
Weather Systems
Important Details:
• The boundary at which the temperature of an air mass changes is called a front. When fronts meet, we often see precipitation.
• Rising air creates an area of clouds and low pressure. Falling air creates an area of clear skies and high pressure.
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
Weather Map
14.3 Meteorology Case Study
Meteorology Assignment:14.3 Case Study ‐ 3 Days of Canadian Weather• In a group of 3 or 4, read through the 2 introductory paragraphs. • Examine the weather maps provided, and answer the questions labelled (a) to (k) on paper to the best of your ability. • Then answer p. 552 #1‐3. (below)
2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook
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January 09, 2017
Quick Write
Weather Factors Quick Write & Quiz:
How do the 5 weather factors influence global weather?
LATITUDE
OCEANS
WIND/AIR
WATER CYCLE
LANDMASSES
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