Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice JOHN HOWARD GALINDO S ELT...

Applying Learning Applying Learning Strategies in the Strategies in the

classroom, from theory classroom, from theory to practiceto practice

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO SJOHN HOWARD GALINDO SELT CONSULTANTELT CONSULTANT

john.galindo@norma.comwww.educadores-online.com/johnhowardgalindo.aspx

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

OBJECTIVES

1.1.Learning Strategies: an overview of some Learning Strategies: an overview of some theorists. theorists.

2.2.Easy to do exercises for the everyday classes.Easy to do exercises for the everyday classes.

3.3.Making our own activities.Making our own activities.

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

HOW MUCH DO WE KNOW ABOUT LEARNING STRATEGIES?

Organize groups of 4 o 5 people (just look Organize groups of 4 o 5 people (just look around you).around you).

Along with your new crew, try to make an Along with your new crew, try to make an advertisement campaign for your English advertisement campaign for your English class. (draw a poster, write a slogan, etc.)class. (draw a poster, write a slogan, etc.)

You’ve got 10 minutes…9 minutes…You’ve got 10 minutes…9 minutes…04/20/2304/20/23 03:07 AM03:07 AM

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Weinstein and Mayer in Wittrock (1986) "behaviors and thoughts that a learner engages in during learning, and that are intended to influence the learner's encoding process. Nisbet and Shucksmith (1986) "the processes that underlie performance on thinking tasks.“…”strategies are more than simple sequences or agglomerations of skills”

SOME DEFINITIONS OF LEARNING SOME DEFINITIONS OF LEARNING STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Rebecca Oxford, (1990) “Specific actions, behaviors, steps or techniques students use, in order to improve their learning process in a foreign language.Such strategies make the learning easier, faster, more effective, more autonomous, more fun and allows to get the learnt knowledge transferred to new situations.

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Learning Learning StrategiesStrategies

Direct Direct StrategiesStrategies

Indirect Indirect StrategiesStrategies

Memory strategies

Cognitive Cognitive StrategiesStrategies

Compensation Compensation StrategiesStrategies

Metacognitive Metacognitive StrategiesStrategies

Affective Affective StrategiesStrategies

Social Social StrategiesStrategies

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Memory Memory strategiesstrategies

Direct Direct StrategiesStrategies

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Creating Mental Creating Mental ImagesImages

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Creating Mental Creating Mental ImagesImages

MultitaskingMultitasking

GlobalizatGlobalizat

ionion

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Sound 1

Sound 2

Sound 3

Creating Mental Creating Mental ImagesImages

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Memory Memory strategiesstrategies

1. Memory Strategies

B. Applying Images and Sounds

C. Reviewing well

A. Creating Mental Images

D. Employing Action

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Cognitive Cognitive StrategiesStrategies

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Compensation Compensation StrategiesStrategies

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Metacognition-a definition

O´Malley explained metacognitive as thinking about the learning process, planning for learning, monitoring of comprehension or production while it is taking place, and self-evaluation of learning after the language activity is completed (O’Malley et al 1985)Chamot and O´Malley(1997) explain metacognitive strategies as how to approach or attack a learning task…how successfully a learning task is proceeding or has proceeded.

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Strategies are influenced by several factors:

• Personality traits•Genre•Motivational Level•Nationality•Purpose for learning the language•Degree of awareness•Stage of learning•Task requirements***

•Teacher expectations•Age

Englis

h Learni

ng

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

I want to be the I want to be the champion!champion!

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

GeneralGeneralLearning vs. Learning vs. acquisitionacquisition

What are What are learning learning Strategies?Strategies?Learning: is a conscious

knowledge of language rules; does not typically lead to conversational fluency and is derived from formal instruction.

Acquisition: on the other hand, occurs unconsciously and spontaneously; leads to conversational fluency, and arises from a naturalistic language use.

ConsideratiConsiderationsons

Specific actions, behaviors, steps or techniques students use, in order to improve their learning process in a foreign language.

Such strategies make the learning easier, faster, more effective, more autonomous, funnier and allows to get the learnt knowledge transferred to new situations.

(Rebecca Oxford, 1990)

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

“Nowadays interest has changed from students learn or acquire to learners gain language” (Oxford, 1990)

WHATHOW

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

LEARNING STRATEGIES LEARNING STRATEGIES CLASIFICATIONCLASIFICATION

Learning Strategies

Direct Strategies

Indirect Strategies

Memory StrategiesCognitive StrategiesCompensation Strategies

Metacognitive StrategiesAfective StrategiesSocial Strategies

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

DIRECT DIRECT STRATEGIESTRATEGIESS

1. Memory Strategies

B. Applying Images and Sounds

C. Reviewing well

A. Creating Mental Images

D. Employing Action

2. Cognitive Strategies

B. Receiving and sending messagesC. Analyzing and reasoning

A. Practicing

D. Creating Structure for Input and Output

3. Compensation Strategies

B. Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing

A. Guessing Intelligently

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Grouping and Classifying Grouping and Classifying Using Words in a New Context Using Words in a New Context

Making

Associations Making

Associations

1. Memory Strategies

Creating Mental Linkages Emphasize on the specific learning of

a foreignlanguage through meaningful

associationswithin the learners’ context.

DIRECT STRATEGIES

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Applying Images and SoundsThis makes easier for learners to store and recover vocabulary learnt, as well as expressions through using images.

Using Imagery Using Imagery

Using Keywords Using Keywords

Using Images to Convey MeaningUsing Images to Convey Meaning

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Reviewing well: Time to CheckThis strategy invites the learners to check again what they read or write in order to remember, memorize and process the information.

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Copying: Following

Models Copying: Following

Models

2. Cognitive StrategiesPracticing: Time to PracticeInvite learners to work on meaningful activities.

Recognizing and Using Formulas and Patterns Recognizing and Using Formulas and Patterns

Applying RulesApplying Rules

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

PracticingRecombiningRecombining

Practicing Naturalistic Practicing Naturalistic

Producing Authentic TextsProducing Authentic Texts

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Analyzing and ReasoningKey strategies to developing communicative skills. They can be used to understand a word or expression and used it in creating new texts.

Analyzi

ngAnalyzi

ng

Critical Thinking Critical Thinking

Sol

ving P

uzz

les

Sol

ving P

uzz

les

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Analyzing and ReasoningTransferringTransferring

Making Connections

Making Connections

Pers

onal

izin

gPe

rson

aliz

ing

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Receiving and Sending MessagesThis strategy helps learners comprehend texts and produce new ones more easily.

Getting the Idea Quickly: Skimming and Scanning Getting the Idea Quickly: Skimming and Scanning

Using Resources Using Resources

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Creating Structure for Input and OutputThese strategies are necessary for creating structure for both comprehension processes as well as production in the learning of a foreign language.

Taking Notes Taking Notes

SummarizingSummarizing

Highlighting: Identifying Highlighting: Identifying

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

3. Compensation Strategies

Gu

ess

ing

Inte

llig

en

tly

Gu

ess

ing

Inte

llig

en

tly

Using Context Clues Using Context Clues

Making Inferences Making Inferences

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

INDIRECT INDIRECT STRATEGIESTRATEGIESS

1. Metacognitive Strategies

B. Arranging and planning your learningC. Evaluating your learning

A. Centering your learning

2. Affective Strategies

B. Encouraging yourself

C. Taking your emotional temperature

A. Lowering your anxiety

3. Social Strategies

B. Cooperating with others

A. Asking questions

C. Empathizing with others

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

 1. Metacognitive Strategies

Centering your Learning Centering your Learning

Using Prior Knowledge

Using Prior Knowledge

Using Selective Attention

Using Selective Attention

INDIRECT STRATEGIES

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Arranging and Planning Learning

Org

aniz

ing

Org

aniz

ing

Sequencing

Events Sequencing

Events

Using Graphic Organizers Using Graphic Organizers

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Arranging and Planning Learning

Previewing and

Anticipating Previewing and

Anticipating

Making Predictions Making Predictions

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Evaluating Learning

Self-monitoring: Time

to Check

Self-monitoring: Time

to Check

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

2. Aftective StrategiesLowering Anxiety

Using

Laughter Using

Laughter

I

DON’T

WANT

TO!!

Reluctant

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Taking Your Emotional Temperature

Using a Checklist

Using a Checklist

Discussing/Expressing Personal

Feelings Discussing/Expressing Personal

Feelings

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

 3. Social Strategies

Deve

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Cu

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Un

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Un

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Asking QuestionsAsking Questions

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

Thanks for your attention, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Any Further information refer to:

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO S

ELT CONSULTANT

GREENWICH

John.galindo@norma.com

www.educadores-online.com/johnhowardgalindo.aspx