Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice JOHN HOWARD GALINDO S ELT CONSULTANT [email protected]

Applying Learning Applying Learning Strategies in the Strategies in the

classroom, from theory classroom, from theory to practiceto practice

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO SJOHN HOWARD GALINDO SELT CONSULTANTELT CONSULTANT

[email protected]/johnhowardgalindo.aspx

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice.JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

OBJECTIVES

1.1.Learning Strategies: an overview of some Learning Strategies: an overview of some theorists. theorists.

2.2.Easy to do exercises for the everyday classes.Easy to do exercises for the everyday classes.

3.3.Making our own activities.Making our own activities.


HOW MUCH DO WE KNOW ABOUT LEARNING STRATEGIES?

Organize groups of 4 o 5 people (just look Organize groups of 4 o 5 people (just look around you).around you).

Along with your new crew, try to make an Along with your new crew, try to make an advertisement campaign for your English advertisement campaign for your English class. (draw a poster, write a slogan, etc.)class. (draw a poster, write a slogan, etc.)

You’ve got 10 minutes…9 minutes…You’ve got 10 minutes…9 minutes…04/20/2304/20/23 03:07 AM03:07 AM


Weinstein and Mayer in Wittrock (1986) "behaviors and thoughts that a learner engages in during learning, and that are intended to influence the learner's encoding process. Nisbet and Shucksmith (1986) "the processes that underlie performance on thinking tasks.“…”strategies are more than simple sequences or agglomerations of skills”

SOME DEFINITIONS OF LEARNING SOME DEFINITIONS OF LEARNING STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Rebecca Oxford, (1990) “Specific actions, behaviors, steps or techniques students use, in order to improve their learning process in a foreign language.Such strategies make the learning easier, faster, more effective, more autonomous, more fun and allows to get the learnt knowledge transferred to new situations.


Learning Learning StrategiesStrategies

Direct Direct StrategiesStrategies

Indirect Indirect StrategiesStrategies

Memory strategies

Cognitive Cognitive StrategiesStrategies

Compensation Compensation StrategiesStrategies

Metacognitive Metacognitive StrategiesStrategies

Affective Affective StrategiesStrategies

Social Social StrategiesStrategies


Memory Memory strategiesstrategies

Direct Direct StrategiesStrategies


Creating Mental Creating Mental ImagesImages



MultitaskingMultitasking

GlobalizatGlobalizat

ionion


Sound 1

Sound 2

Sound 3



Memory Memory strategiesstrategies

1. Memory Strategies

B. Applying Images and Sounds

C. Reviewing well

A. Creating Mental Images

D. Employing Action


Cognitive Cognitive StrategiesStrategies


Compensation Compensation StrategiesStrategies



Metacognition-a definition

O´Malley explained metacognitive as thinking about the learning process, planning for learning, monitoring of comprehension or production while it is taking place, and self-evaluation of learning after the language activity is completed (O’Malley et al 1985)Chamot and O´Malley(1997) explain metacognitive strategies as how to approach or attack a learning task…how successfully a learning task is proceeding or has proceeded.


Strategies are influenced by several factors:

• Personality traits•Genre•Motivational Level•Nationality•Purpose for learning the language•Degree of awareness•Stage of learning•Task requirements***

•Teacher expectations•Age

Englis

h Learni

ng


I want to be the I want to be the champion!champion!


Assessment, Methods, and Strategies JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

GeneralGeneralLearning vs. Learning vs. acquisitionacquisition

What are What are learning learning Strategies?Strategies?Learning: is a conscious

knowledge of language rules; does not typically lead to conversational fluency and is derived from formal instruction.

Acquisition: on the other hand, occurs unconsciously and spontaneously; leads to conversational fluency, and arises from a naturalistic language use.

ConsideratiConsiderationsons

Specific actions, behaviors, steps or techniques students use, in order to improve their learning process in a foreign language.

Such strategies make the learning easier, faster, more effective, more autonomous, funnier and allows to get the learnt knowledge transferred to new situations.

(Rebecca Oxford, 1990)

Assessment, Methods, and Strategies

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO ELT Consultant

“Nowadays interest has changed from students learn or acquire to learners gain language” (Oxford, 1990)

WHATHOW



LEARNING STRATEGIES LEARNING STRATEGIES CLASIFICATIONCLASIFICATION

Learning Strategies

Direct Strategies

Indirect Strategies

Memory StrategiesCognitive StrategiesCompensation Strategies

Metacognitive StrategiesAfective StrategiesSocial Strategies



DIRECT DIRECT STRATEGIESTRATEGIESS


B. Applying Images and Sounds

C. Reviewing well

A. Creating Mental Images

D. Employing Action

2. Cognitive Strategies

B. Receiving and sending messagesC. Analyzing and reasoning

A. Practicing

D. Creating Structure for Input and Output

3. Compensation Strategies

B. Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing

A. Guessing Intelligently



Grouping and Classifying Grouping and Classifying Using Words in a New Context Using Words in a New Context

Making

Associations Making

Associations


Creating Mental Linkages Emphasize on the specific learning of

a foreignlanguage through meaningful

associationswithin the learners’ context.

DIRECT STRATEGIES



Applying Images and SoundsThis makes easier for learners to store and recover vocabulary learnt, as well as expressions through using images.

Using Imagery Using Imagery

Using Keywords Using Keywords

Using Images to Convey MeaningUsing Images to Convey Meaning



Reviewing well: Time to CheckThis strategy invites the learners to check again what they read or write in order to remember, memorize and process the information.



Copying: Following

Models Copying: Following

Models

2. Cognitive StrategiesPracticing: Time to PracticeInvite learners to work on meaningful activities.

Recognizing and Using Formulas and Patterns Recognizing and Using Formulas and Patterns

Applying RulesApplying Rules



PracticingRecombiningRecombining

Practicing Naturalistic Practicing Naturalistic

Producing Authentic TextsProducing Authentic Texts



Analyzing and ReasoningKey strategies to developing communicative skills. They can be used to understand a word or expression and used it in creating new texts.

Analyzi

ngAnalyzi

ng

Critical Thinking Critical Thinking

Sol

ving P

uzz

les

Sol

ving P

uzz

les



Analyzing and ReasoningTransferringTransferring

Making Connections

Making Connections

Pers

onal

izin

gPe

rson

aliz

ing



Receiving and Sending MessagesThis strategy helps learners comprehend texts and produce new ones more easily.

Getting the Idea Quickly: Skimming and Scanning Getting the Idea Quickly: Skimming and Scanning

Using Resources Using Resources



Creating Structure for Input and OutputThese strategies are necessary for creating structure for both comprehension processes as well as production in the learning of a foreign language.

Taking Notes Taking Notes

SummarizingSummarizing

Highlighting: Identifying Highlighting: Identifying



3. Compensation Strategies

Gu

ess

ing

Inte

llig

en

tly

Gu

ess

ing

Inte

llig

en

tly

Using Context Clues Using Context Clues

Making Inferences Making Inferences



INDIRECT INDIRECT STRATEGIESTRATEGIESS

1. Metacognitive Strategies

B. Arranging and planning your learningC. Evaluating your learning

A. Centering your learning

2. Affective Strategies

B. Encouraging yourself

C. Taking your emotional temperature

A. Lowering your anxiety

3. Social Strategies

B. Cooperating with others

A. Asking questions

C. Empathizing with others



1. Metacognitive Strategies

Centering your Learning Centering your Learning

Using Prior Knowledge

Using Prior Knowledge

Using Selective Attention

Using Selective Attention

INDIRECT STRATEGIES



Arranging and Planning Learning

Org

aniz

ing

Org

aniz

ing

Sequencing

Events Sequencing

Events

Using Graphic Organizers Using Graphic Organizers



Arranging and Planning Learning

Previewing and

Anticipating Previewing and

Anticipating

Making Predictions Making Predictions



Evaluating Learning

Self-monitoring: Time

to Check

Self-monitoring: Time

to Check



2. Aftective StrategiesLowering Anxiety

Using

Laughter Using

Laughter

I

DON’T

WANT

TO!!

Reluctant



Taking Your Emotional Temperature

Using a Checklist

Using a Checklist

Discussing/Expressing Personal

Feelings Discussing/Expressing Personal

Feelings



3. Social Strategies

Deve

lop

ing

Cu

ltu

ral

Un

ders

tan

din

gD

eve

lop

ing

Cu

ltu

ral

Un

ders

tan

din

g

Asking QuestionsAsking Questions



Thanks for your attention, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Any Further information refer to:

JOHN HOWARD GALINDO S

ELT CONSULTANT

GREENWICH

[email protected]

www.educadores-online.com/johnhowardgalindo.aspx

Documents

Applying Learning Strategies in the classroom, from theory to practice JOHN HOWARD GALINDO S ELT CONSULTANT [email protected]