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Artificial Reef Program
Biological Monitoring Update
Texas Parks and Wildlife DepartmentCoastal Fisheries - Artificial Reef Program Brooke Shipley, Ph.D.
Artificial Reef Program Over 4800 Acres
76 Established Reef Sites, 9 pending permit
approval
149 Platform & 12 Component Donations
30 Platform Donations in Progress
Rigs-to-Reefs Program Has Contributed $25.2
Million to Texas Artificial Reef Fund
Other Donations22 Vessels
Fabricated Materials
700 Quarry Rocks
TPWD Biological Monitoring
• 1993 – present
• Swimming Diver Surveys
• REEF protocol
• 2012 - present
• Deep dives
(decompression)
• Lionfish removal
• Water quality monitoring
• 2013 – present
• Size estimation of fish
• Vertical long lines
University and USGS Biological Monitoring
UT – Rio Grande Valley• (2007 – present)
• Diving surveys, biofouling, intermediate disturbance
hypothesis, economic impact study
TAMU – Corpus Christi • (2011 – present)
• Diving surveys, tagging surveys, vertical longline, remote
operated vehicle surveys
• Scuba diving socio-economic impact study
TAMU – Galveston • (2011 – present)
• Vancouver archeological survey
• Bottom surveys and bathymetry,
• Vertical longline, ARIS and acoustic surveys
TAMU – College Station• (2013-2014)
• Socioeconomic survey to anglers and boaters
USGS • (2013-present)
• Offshore water quality survey
• Nearshore AUV, water quality, substrate survey
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Rela
tive F
req
uen
cy
2013 - 2015
Red Snapper Age Composition
Utilizing Parallel Lasers
Vertical Line Methodology– Three differing hook sizes
fished per replicate.
– Three replicates per site
Vertical Line CPUE - all Species
0.0000
0.0500
0.1000
0.1500
0.2000
0.2500
CP
UE
(# f
ish
/ 5 m
inu
tes /
# g
an
gio
ns
)
2012
2013
2014
2015
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
2012 2013 2014 2015
CP
UE
(# f
ish
/ 5 m
inu
te / #
gan
gio
ns
)
Red Snapper Vertical Line CPUE
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
2012 2013 2014 2015
CP
UE
(# f
ish
/ 5 m
inu
tes /
# g
an
gio
ns
)
8/0
11/0
15/0
Red Snapper CPUE Between
Hook Sizes
Red Snapper CPUE Between
Structure Types
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Bare Natural Culverts Reef Ball Pyramids Ship Cutoff Standing Topple Deck
CP
UE
(# f
ish
/ 5
min
ute
s / #
ga
ng
ion
s)
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
2012 2013 2014 2015
CP
UE
(#
fis
h/ 5
min
ute
s / #
ga
ng
ion
s)
Cutoff
Standing
Topple
Red Snapper CPUE Between
Platform Structures
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Re
lati
ve
Fre
qu
en
cy
2012 - 2015
Red Snapper Age Composition
Utilizing Vertical Lines
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Red Snapper Age Composition
Between Lasers and Vertical Lines
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Vertical Line
Lasers
Red Snapper Age Trends - NOAA
NOAA
SCUBA Roving Diver Surveys
• SCUBA = 5 minute roving diver surveys on the top
of the structure; categorical data
• Sighting frequencies (% SF) calculated for each
species for all surveys.
– Rare = < 20%
– Common = 20-70%
– Frequent = > 70 %
% SightFrequency
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cubera Snapper
Yellowtail Snapper
Lane Snapper
Vermilion Snapper
Red Snapper
Gray Snapper
Lutjanidae
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Greater Amberjack
Blue Runner
Almaco Jack
Crevalle Jack
Horse-eye Jack
Rainbow Runner
Lookdown
Bar Jack
Yellow Jack
African Pompano
Black Jack
Permit
Carangidae
% SF for species of
recreational/commercial importance
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Gray Triggerfish
Vermilion Snapper
Red Snapper
Greater Amberjack
Gray Snapper
0
1
2
3
4
1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Abundant
Many
Few
Single
Red Snapper Diver Survey
Categorical Abundance
0
1
2
3
4
Reef Ball Culverts Ship Cutoff Topple Standing Deck
Red Snapper Diver Survey
Structure Abundance
Abundant
Many
Few
Single
0
1
2
3
4
BA GA HI MI MU PN PS
Red Snapper Diver Survey
Regional Abundance
Abundant
Many
Few
Single
1995
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Deck
Standing
Topple
Cutoff
Ship
Reef Ball
Culverts
0
10
20
Red Snapper Abundance
Shade Plot
Non-metric MDSTransform: Square root
Resemblance: S17 Bray-Curtis similarity
SIMPROF
Culverts
Cutoff
Deck
Reef Ball
Ship
Standing Topple
2D Stress: 0
Reef Material as
Red Snapper Habitat
Future Directions of
Biological Monitoring
• Water quality correlations to red snapper
abundance
• Comparisons between university sampling
and TPWD
• Genetics sampling and familial comparison
• Variations of abundance by depth and
location
• Material specific comparisons including
volume of material to abundance
A B C
Habitat types:
A – Natural hard bottom reef
B – Standing Oil and Gas Platform
C – Reefed Oil and Gas Platform
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
CP
UE
(#fi
sh
/ 5 m
inu
tes / #
gan
gio
ns
)
2012
2013
2014
2015
Vertical Line CPUE - all Species
Relative Abundance
ANOVA; p = 0.371
n = 49 n = 41 n = 48
Length FrequencyStanding
n = 397
Artificial
n = 516
Natural
n = 431
=
≠ ≠
K-S Test; p < 0.001
Mean Age
ANOVA; p < 0.001
n = 679
Range = 2-30 yrs*
Mean Age vs. Depth of Capturer = 0.79
p < 0.001
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