Assumption #1. Assumption #2 Assumption #3 Assumption #4

Assumption #1

Assumption #2

Assumption #3

Assumption #4

Managerial Implications of Expectancy Theory

1. Increase expectancies2. Identify positively valent outcomes3. Make performance instrumental toward

positive outcomes

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Key Extensions

• Intrinsic– long lasting– more effective

• Extrinsic:– High valence– Based on identifiable, recognizable criteria• Performance is measurable• Understandable

– Sufficient variation in magnitude

Summary

• Can’t motivate anyone• Create environment allowing self-motivation• Offer freedom, discretion, autonomy• Motivation can overcome skill deficits

You and the environment (non-green)

• Goal-setting theory

And then you……

• Reinforcement theory– See text– Schedule of reinforcement

And then you……• Job enrichment

Job Rotation, Enlargement, and Enrichment

• Job enrichment– Fundamental change

• Job rotation– Changing from one routine task to another to

alleviate boredom• Job enlargement– Giving people additional tasks at the same time to

alleviate boredom.

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