ASurviving Confederate m - Chronicling America...Private in Rockbridge Artillery, Stonewall Brigade...

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i ontrihullflna in thin enliimn nrerequested front Confederate veter¬ans and other persons fnmlllnr irllhthe history of tbr War Retireesthe State«. Narrotltes of partleu-Inr rinnarmtnli and personal nd-rcntores nre spcelnllx requested.All contribution, should be sent toThe Editor of tbe ConfederateColumn, Tlmrn-ntspntcb, Itlcfcmond,V«.

IF LEE COULD HAVESTOOD AT THE HELM

The Retrospect of a Confederate.If SlaveryHad Been Abandoned by the South.Con¬

federates Were Overconfident--LikeIsraelites at Kadesh.BY BERKELEY MINOR;

Private in Rockbridge Artillery, Stonewall BrigadeLooking back now 10 the summer

, >f ist.::, wiih Gettysburg lost and Leobuck in Virginia, i see so plainly what

Comfedoratea ought to liuv,, donethat 1 wonder mach wo tltri not do It.Uui hindsights arc proverbially muchclearer than foresights. I think Gen¬eral Lec must have felt sure that,biindlcuppcil as we were by slavoryjwe ould i.<pt hope for sympathy andhelp from Europe, and that withoutlhat we could not win our Independ¬ent'And there must have been oth¬er.-, perhaps many, of those In au¬thority Who saw tills, or should haveseen H.Just as it was plain to Wash¬ington at Valley l-'orge thai theColonies .ild nöt resist the power otCroat Britain without aid from France.H...I General said to Mr. Davli andCongress. "Gentlemen, I have done myb'-st; it Is plain that we must havesympathy and recognition. If hot as-.»Ist.iure, from Europe. We can fretllicKri only by legislation on the partof Congress, followed by action of theSeveral States, looking to gradualemancipation, 10 he completed In adefinite term, sn>- fifty years, or one

m o generations. Shall we hold on10 slavery, as If we were lighting forihat, and lose the right of »elf govern¬ment? The Institution of slavery wasIii iurgu measure forced upon us, and\vt- have made the best of It; put It <san evil, and should be abolished. Shall.wc kei«p the matter In our own hands,and. dealing with It wisely and slowly,t,et rid of it gradually, and in thoway least hurtful to both races .' prshall WC continue this bloody andhopeless, struggle ami finally have 6'iireoiPIUCrors, Lincoln and the Rcpubll-run party. Kettle It for us, r.nd carryout tlicit' plan of emancipation as theythink best?

"Surety, If WC are wise, wc will takesuch steps as will make all Christen-'doiu sure that wo really Intend toemancipate the negro. Just as fast asIs consistent with the best Interests. .f both races. ITlv result Is rure. Iff cognition (and

help, if we need It will cuniii speedilyfrom one or more of the Europeanpowers. Many In England especiallyalready sympathize with us. and Eng¬land's business Interests would begreatly helped by the CHtabliuhmcnt ofthe Confederate States of America.Nothing hut antipathy to slavery hasprevented our recognition thus far.What wo may think ot slavery aj i.

blessing oi- a curse Is entirely besidelilt: question now. Many of the. wisestamong us agree with rnc in thinking Itan evil; .but however that may be, thejChristian nations are of one mind, that11 must go. Wc must recognize thisImportant fact, and let slavery gowhile wc may and can let It go. withleast harm to all concerned. Every¬thing that can with honor be given upjmilsl bo given up to win that greatest!of all political blessings, the rightto govern ourselves, tor which we!liiiyo already suffered so much. Letus not ferclt this blesMng by clingingto so doubtful a good us slavery, whichwc must lose in any event; for evenif wo could win our independence with¬out help, slavery is doomed, and cannotan,I ought nut to survive longer thana reasonably safe way can be found todispose of ;t. l»o not doubt but thatwisdom chough la among us to find away for it to pass safely. Statciman-shlp of a high grade has never beenwanting in the South.. God will blesssuch an effort, and give us a Mosesto lead up through and out of this wil¬derness."Wc who know what weight and in-

fluenca General Lee had In the SouthIn those doys cannot doubt for a mo¬ment what soldiers and Citizens wouldhave, done after such a declarationfrom him. Practically all would haveassented, and our success would havebeen assured. General Lee's nameand fame even then were world-wide,and would have been a sufficient guar¬anty of the accomplishment of whatwas proposed by him and accepted byhis people. And be, too, was manifest¬ly the Moses to lead us out of the wil¬derness ot our dangers Into the prom¬ised land of liberty.a Moses, too, who.In many things like the great prophet-leader of Israel, "choosing rather toBti(ter affliction with the people of CodH an to nnJoy the pleasures of sin (ora season." yet, unl'ko him, would neverhave hesitated, once lim path of duty.was made clear to him.Naturally sotno who do not know

Genera! Loc as wo of the other gene-intlou do, may ask why he did notcome, forward with some such propo¬sition. Wc who do know too ciutroabsence of atnbitlou In our greatleader, Iii» riitlro offaenment of self,complete self-abnegation, sec clearlywhy ho did not. and could not, bolncWhat lie was, put hl rubel f forward inthat. way. The man who declined Gen¬eral Scott's offer of the chief conima'.dof the Union army, und took an In¬ferior place on tho weaker side. In¬fluenced'solely by duty: the man whotold his sou (as Captain Robert Leowrites In his book) not to seek pro¬motion, and yet not to refuse It, when!offered, could never have Likon It uponhimself to bo an unjiought adviser of¦Mr. Davis and Congress. Thorn eoemedan utter lack Ir General Lee. of Hint"laot infirmity of noble minds,""Tho spur thai tho" clear apirlt doth

raise,tTo scorn delights and live laborious

days."Duly alone guide,] him to do all Hits

und much more. Why, than, one mayWell p.sk, was not his counsel soughtby (.ho government o,nd hin people?iWe may be. sure It would have beentejven promptland freely .and to >ha

effect above' stttteü. Alas', why not?There lies the cause of our fnllurc tow..i the fight. We were over-conlldcnt;though) we could win against an;,odd-". I am sure we were not lightingfor slavery, Just aa «»ur forefathersWere'not fighting against a tribute of"3 pence on every pound of leu,'1 butfor a great principle. And had we wonthe right of self-government, wcshould soon have bc^n found yieldinglo world-wide puh.lc opinion ingradual emancipation, being no longerunder the dictation and abuse of North¬ern fanatics. Hut pride gootlt beforedestruction, and a haughty spirit be¬fore a tall." Sorry I am to admit It,hut our fnll seetnB lo have 1:01110 thatway.There was a way oueut-d to uv byHod to win success by giving up a

tiling, which wc must In any eventhave given up ere long, and we un-WUely clung to it. Lincoln declaredhe was willing lo Iterp or abolishtlavery. If only lie could force theseceded States back into the Union.We should have been willing to giveit up to save ourselves from a unionIn which we could have no rights, ex¬cept what our conquerors should allowus. "What rights have they who darenot strike for them?"Wc. the people of the States of the

Confederacy, were, to blame for this,noi our political leaders only. 1, whowas then only a youthful private inthe ran as, must bear my share of It.1 am Slire I never thought of it, andnever heard any ono speak of such

course as proper und right aminecessary for success. Lincoln's as¬tuteness saw the need of getting the.sympathy of the outside world forId.-; policy of coercion, and Issued Illsproclamation of emancipation, earingnothing for tho negro, as General DonPlatt, an ardent udmlre.r of Lincoln,testified in his "rtomtnlscencea of Lin¬coln." (p 21.1 He (Lincoln), it self-

DIARY OF A. H. STEPHENS,WHILE IN FORT WARREN

Notes of Incarcerated Vice-President of the Con¬federacy.His Views on Men and Measures.Thought Highly of Grant.A Northern

View of His Diary.DavisCold to Him.

(From tho Springfield Republican.)Alexander IT. Stephen«. Vice-Presi¬

dent of the Southern Confederacy, leftRichmond at the evacuation enrly InApril. ISG5. In company with other highofficials of the Confederate govern¬ment, nnd proceeded southward, finallygoing to his home In Crawfordvllle.Ca. He was there arrested by Federaltroops, under orders from Washington,end taken to Atlanta. There were also'brought Jefferson Davis and Ills fam-|lly, Senator Clement C. Clay, lor whose

I capture a reward of $26,000 had beenoffered 1iy President Johnson on acharge of complicity In the assassinstlon of President Lincoln; Judge Rea¬gan. Postmaster-General of tho Con-federacy. and others. This party weretaken by train to Augusta and thencetiansferred by water to Fortress Mon-' roe. Mr. Davis was Imprisoned there.Mr. Stephens and Judge Reagan weretransferred to Roston and committedto close confinement In Fort Warren,Mr. Stephens there secured diarybooks, in wh|ch lie made extendeddally entries from the time of his com¬mitment. May 25, lf>6.r>, until his release! In October. This diary is now .pub¬lished by a collateral descendant o:' thefamily. Myrta Lockett-Avary, with a

biographical study of som-i 100 pagesMr. Stephen? gives in tbl* diary the

details of Ills capture and transfer totho Northern prison, lie was notfriendly wltli Mr, Davis at this time,and makes it clearly vldcnt in theconfidential entries of the diary. Herli.l pot meet Mr. Davis throughout thoJourney frr.m Atlanta until they wereon shipboard. Mr. Davis one daycame on deck and extended his handto Mr. Stephens, bu| his manner w.-\a

chilly and only formal words passedbetween them. DurihgL»tho stormyvoyage to Fortrbfa Monroe, however,tile two men were brought more andmore olosely together, and when theyparted there Mr. Davis manifestedstrong emotion. Much has been saidof the conditions of hiB confinementand complaints of Mr. Davis at Fort¬ress Monroe. Mr. .Stephens seems tohave been subjected to conditions al¬most an trying, but lio look his con¬finement more philosophically. Hissemi-invalid, studious lifo had appa-jrently treasured up for h'm largo men-1ta| resources for his diversion In sucha predicament. Ho was not whollysatisfied with the situation, but he.made this comparison with what La-fayetic had suffered during his flvo-ycars' Imprisonment at the FrenchRevolut'on:How much better in my condition

than wan Iiis! I have, a largo ulryroom, plenty of heaven'3 precious HglTl,a comfortable bunk with shuck mat¬tress, on'which with my blankots I getalong with tolerable comfort: purewater, though not cool, and enoughfood. If It wore only suited to myhabits and stato of health. I am pTr-mlttad to purchase what suits If I po»Bcsg. tho raeaaB. 2 havo the privilege of,

seeing dally papers and reading hooka.What abundant' cause for consolation:How much more miserable and hor¬rible might my condition be! It Istrue I suffer Intensely. My anguish Isunutterable. This arises from no sclf-accusatlon. no apprehension of thefuture, nor fear of death. I feel as ItI could meet death. If such l'nle as apunishment uwaits me, with as much[calmness as did Seneca or SocratesMy suffering springs from conllnementand from being cut off from all com¬munications with home and its dcurones. No mortui ever had stronger at¬tachments for his home than I formine. That old homestead nnd thatquirt lot. Liberty Hall, in Crawford-vllle. sterile and desolate as they mayseem to others, are bound to me byassociations tender as heartstrings andstrong as hooks of steel. There 1 v isitto llvr and there to die.

Mr. Stephens took with him to 1'ortWarren $»<>o in gold, and front thisfund he drew to buy such provisionsas the fort did not offer In the regularration. He makes an entry In hi?diary as to some purchases, whichshow that those were the times whenpeople faced the real thing in tho highcost of living, l-'or one pound of coffeethey charged him SO rents, ona pound ofsilgar Sä cents, one pound of tea $2,scissors fl. lead pencil 10 cents, coffeepot j2. The post possessed n libraryof limited extent, upon which Mr.Stephens drew avariciously. Whatmoney he could spare further from hissmall fund, he spent for more books,among which wore. Horace CJreoley's.'American Conlllet," which had lusthcen issued, and which, as it told of thefall of the Confederacy, must havemade some speed In going through thelust stages of publication and gm tingto Boston as 30011 as Stephens did.

M.r. Stephens pronounced the "Amer¬ican Conflict" probably tho fairest ac¬count of the Civil War that couldever bo expected from a Northerner.His cell wan damp, and as time woreon ho began '.o Buffer much. Tho pricescharged for tho bookn and for the.extra artleleo of food drew down hisfund alarmingly, and he shows anxietyover the stato of his purse. As hishealth falls to Improve he. hau to-buymore food on private account. Mean¬time the fort ration In aent in ühpL tocat. The sutler's bill comes In withIan entry of$l for "sundries." whichhe has no idea of. Ho auspocts graft.although that expressive, word wan notthen in use. Ho reads In tho nows-papers of a. southern report that Sle-phenn had been drinking himself todeath. This causes an explosion. Hewrites down that ho wa.s never drunkin his life, nnd ho question.1) If all thespirlt.s ho over drank would make threegallons. Ho scch In tho Boston Jour¬nal "one of the best nnd most nr.nel-bio of Mr. Tj'ncoln's kindly, good Illu¬strations by Jokes.'" Sliorman suited[Lincoln if bp oKould. capture Davis o.r

A Surviving Confederate General

M.\.ntH-<;r..vj;iiAi. r;. \\\ c. t.kk.

made man ; . could uu moro fooli< sympathy for lhal wreH hod race

(negro), than he could for tlie horselie worked or the hog lie killed." HutLincoln saw that he must hax'c outsidej sympathy, or lall In coercing tlio se-ceded P«ale». How easily might woI have taken the wind out of Iiis, sails,and made Iiis proclamation wastepaper:This com lotion.v"s. that God was

lending up to sucress. having givenus great generals ftwo, at least, amongthe greatest In the world), armiesworthy of such leaders and many othertokens of His favor, but denied it 10ttf. when He saw that we would haveIt our way and not His.ha«, been ocomfort to my Christian faith, whichfailed ftir a lime to see how Id couldI suffer c-ii good .1 cause, championed by"job rjood men. to be overcome byIho.'o who had even less of right andjustice on their side than the BritishIN 171f..

Have, we of the .South learned our'.essoh, the lesson God has been toach-tng us for nearly two generations?I This writer trusts so. and hopes that)their subject condition for so long iias»i:nde them at least more ready to nc-cept His guldanco In affairs of state.and therefore more competent to ex-erclso due influence in the nation (orjFederal Union, ss we. would rathercall It), whlci, has been controlled anddominated so hing by a sectional party,raised up by God and allowed touse so rruel a mode of emancipation,cnlv because those why could andshould have done away with slaveryIn the best manner, missed their ftp-porttinlty, like the Israelites at Kit-dish, in sight of the Promised Land,who must needs enter Canaan in theirown way. and meet with disastrousdefeat and more than forty yearswandering in the wilderness.Slaunton. December L'fi.

hci Til in go. Lincoln replied thul therewas once temperance Icceurcr whowan asked If he would take' a l*» tiebrandy in his leinohudc, and Ii«: saidlie would if they could get In there"unUcknown.ii" lo him. So If Shermancouhi let I'avis go unbeknownst tuLincoln It would be all right, lie readsthe Bible much..lob especially in theearly days of his conllnomcnl. Thenhe goes Into the cplt-tles, and read.-»and philosophizes. He bus n great ad¬miration tor Paul. Adversity, he says,has its compensations. Hut for thiscbnllnemcnt ho mlglii nnver iia'Vo cn-JJoyed tHjcso '"masterly" production*,life thinks they are the greatest ser¬mons ever written.

Stephen: Is a deeply religious manand generally orthodor:, though In read¬ing the Songs of Solomon he marvels atthe temerity of the commentators in!making It an allegorical expression otChrist's relation lo the church. liesays it Is no more than a pagan loveditty. But with all his orthodoxy, he(van extremely liberal In respect to thoviews of others, so much HO that when]ii Roman Catholic sister-in-law cameto visit nt Liberty Hall he had a roomllxcd up for her as a Galholfo chapel.He writes out fancy sketches. Now Itis a debate with some Northerner Inrespect lo why ho should be confined.Ha goes over his altitude in relation!to secession, how he had even an-tagonUcd the ordinance of secession Inthe Georgia convention, and he won¬ders why he should be conlilted whenjolliers more culpable were being re-loused, lie henr*. that a tiehteral Jack-son, also confined at Fort Warren. Dadbeen allowed to go on parole, and bonote.- that Jackson Worked with all hismight on behalf of secession, lie goesat length Into the character and con-jduct of Jefferson Davis, with whom liehad been on terms of coolness eversince 1S63. He declares that he(Stephens) never thought of developingan Independent sovereignty with slav.ery for Ms corner-stone. H stood

lout front first to last for a constitu¬tional government and the rights ofthe Stute.t under the Constitution; nomore, lie opposed secession and wentwith his Stale only because his finalallegiance he considered remainedthere. llu was especially urnazed atDavls's conduct after the failure otthe Hampton Roads conference!Davls's speech in the African Churchin Richmond he thought one of ihn:most eloquent ever spoken, but thesentiments ot li made him bcllcvo thatthe man must have lost his mind. Horeads in the Boston papers of a clergy¬man's Fourth of July speech, which Isso uncharitable In Its general attitudeas to bring strong rebuke. He saysthat ho had found clergymen as a ruleto have less charity and magnanimitythan any other class of men, nnd hemade it a rule In practicing law undwhen ho was engaged for tho defense,never to allow a clergyman to getInto the Jury box unless ho knew wellhis character beforehand.July IS he writes: "This day com¬pletes the ni.'th week since my arrest,the seventh of my incarceration herewithout accusation, warrant or notifi¬cation of cause, and yet It Is claimedthat this Is a fr.-o country." His healthgrows worse. Mo has many dreams,and frequently in drenms visits poo-pie in their own homes who have beendead long since, and It never occurs

lo him that they arc. dead. July 22 isthe anniversary of his examination forI admission to tho bnr, thirty-one yearsbefore. lie says that he has read lawonly six weeks and without any In¬structor. Ho rend and reread In thattime* Blnck'stone, Chilly's Pleadings,Btnrklo on Evidence, etc., until he hudthe general principles of the law wellin his hend, hut how would he standthe ordeal? Several of the most emi¬nent judges and lawyers of Georgiawere to sit at tin; examination, and thepresiding judge was (o he tho famousWilliam IT. Cr-.wford. Ho Is greatlyrelieved when a lawyer lolls him thatJudge Crawford was not exacting Insuch cases. The lawyer rolater, an ig-cldenl of Judge Crawford, who, after(in examination had been completed,lo which he has given little attention,turner! to the clerk and raid: "Swearhim, Mr. ("llcrk. if he knows nothinghe win do nothing." Judge Crawfordpaid young Stephens the complimentof giving close attention to ihc ex¬amination, and praising (he ability(.hown by Mr. Stephens In meeting It..In July 26 he looks', from the cell win¬dow and sees the new moon over histight shoulder.He notes thai he bar- been having

very bad luck for it long time, andthinks now l( may change. And. In¬deed, on July comes an order fromWashington releasing Mm from closeconfinement. Ho can now walk aroundIhe fort at will, and tho frenh air nndthe larger freedom nnd the greatercompanionship begin to resioro hishealth. There are many visitors to thefort, and they darken tho window ofhis cell so that he cannot write, in or¬der to get n gllnip.se of the rebel ox-Vice-President, lie has many friendsomong the Whigs of Boston, with whombe long trained in politics, and theyconic to Ihc fort in Increasing numbersIn the last day.-« of hin confinement, andho In greatl> cheered. Ho reads Cic¬ero'« "Moral Dulles." He says that histlandafd of morality la high; that noChristian* philosopher's Is higher. Tn>deed, lie thinks Paloy appears to dis¬advantage- In the eomporlnon, nnd <1li.-eusues In this connection tho telling ofwhlto Uftv. iiid 0sc:i into hlo practice.

us .i lawyer. tllH nil- at Ihn liar wan.it" Investigate .< disc -.ubiuJttcd to hl in.aiiil ii he ill.I not think the party ctiti-I|tlcd t<> success in tii<- court, he would¦Incline !¦. Imvo anything lo do witti It.lit- ritlo in criminal casus wits never to,i|i|»'iii' In capital case* r,M. I,,,, .rose-»MlIon ..r in> I,no whom tic (ii.i notDcilcvc fullj guilty, lit defense of per-sohu charged willi homicide ho seldomdeclined to appear, but Im only insist..,)that the |,.iny sin.I l,nve his rightsunder the law. lie elves the ohso of uwoman chi<rgod with poisoning her hut*-blind II was a utort foul crime. IJuttin- K lin of lit,, woman. .1-- charged,[was in doubt even tilth himself. Theevidence whs circumstantial and Incon¬clusive, iiiul ii<- fiiil not therefore hes-'.ta'tc 1.. throw his energies Into thodefenne, ami be obtained, mi acnulttal.Tliat was nearly twenty year* beforeThe woman was silli living, und 110 fur.lher discovery was ever made.

.I.Uly 3d In- reads of General Grant be.Illg in Boston and having a groat re¬ception In Knnotill Mali, lie predict*]for iiltn .1 .-till «realer future than hisImmediate past had heen. n.- accountshim Hie prent man of his time, afterLincoln, lt.- attributes to him as hischief qoallllcatioil the possession otunusual common sense, quality mostuncommon, he had found, among menIn high station. Release finally cdmeato Stcphetis In October, ami his appear-ancc on emerging from prison Is do-scribed as that of n "skeleton, with:e> es more piercing In their gait*, byreason of th« straggling white locksthat fell over his temples In silkenthreads." II« walked wltli the feebie-iicsi of old hge. Out Stophonn was al¬ways little more than a sk'-leton. Howay all intellect, and it used lo be saidin Washington, after his return toCongress following the Civil War. thatIds arrival at ihy Capitol was that ofn uvii bundle of lollies, from which,after nut 11y unwinding*, Stephens wouldfinally emerge and enter the chamber.The book closes with .1 concludingektilcli of Mr. Stephens .1 after-careerin Congress and a* Governor of Goop-Igi<:. and his death in ISS3. 1

The diary, together with Miss Avary'sadmirable Introductory biographicalstudy, gives the most intimate portrni-lurc of thl* remarkable and moat In«(cresting character which has yet beendrawn. The volume is a distinct andvaluable contribution to American hts-tory.

CA HTA IA SALI.H3 TOMI'KINS.

Tennessee I'nper'* Tribute to Onlv Wo.innu \Vhb ltccelve{| Con feilern I r

ComrulsMlon.(r'rom Memphis Coihinerclai.-Appcal.)l'.-w women attain the distinction ot

having a monument dedicated to themlor public service, and It Is quite prob¬able that Miss Tompklns, or "CaptainSnllioV as she is popularly called, ofItlclimond, Vu.. I«. the only living wo.innu Otltslde of royalty who witnessedthe iinvolling of her own memorial.

Miss Tompkins's history Is Unique,fine-was tiie only woman ever regular-ly commissioned by the ConfederateStates government to bear a militarytitle. It was this woman, In the stormydays when Loo and Grant played forthe last stake* of the Civil War, whoestablished and maintained the lendinghospital In Richmond for tho sick andwounded Confederates, ifer big hcorLand warm sympathy, making commoncause witli her patriotism, set her tothe task of this magnificent philau-thropy. &he did not suggest, and thenleave others to do the work; suoplanned and led In the, execution. The'whole of that brave arid loyal armythai followed Loo Itnew her and Itoii-orcd and loved her.To the Confederate government It

seemed expedient 10 plai n all hospitalsfor soldiers under military control, andyet to give, up Miss Tompkins's serviceor to place some one above lior. thussMibordinatlrig her authority and in¬fluence, was not to be considered. Theon>: way to obey the military orderand at tho same time retain .MissThmpklns in control was to commis¬sion her as a soldier. And so. with aildue regularity, she way made CaptainS.-illle Tompklns, and continued in herwork of mercy.

It has long boon the wish and ill ton -

tlon of the people of Richmond and thepatriotic women who keep groon thomemory of the Confederacy to paylilting tribute 10 "Captain Salllo." butit was not until last week that a toli-let. erected on tho silo of her old hos-pitnl, was unveiled In her honor. Itwas a beautiful thing not to wait untilshe was dead to pay her irlbuto; sliureaped the nfter-frult of her labors inthe knowledge of her fellow-man's ap-preclatlon.

It is a pity that more monumentsarc not raised to worthy herons andheroine* before death 'cuts them op'from all slinro in tho reflected glory.We are too prone to withhold our

praise and our appreciation untilneither «in give either comfort or en¬couragement where It Is ofltlmos need¬ed.

TUB SllliM A Rixn nUX'LEV.

Proud Rooord of Successful SubmarineCruiser.

The submarine bout, according to tlinpopular Idea, is a most modern device,

railing into iiio riylng-maehlnc. wire-]icss telegraph .irc. ab u inutlor of!*avt. Ihu submarine of lo-duv has yetlo demounti- u<- l!> merits hi* a lightingcraft. thOUgll 111 bort) I loa 11 y It could atcompllsh Wonders. Though boats ofthis kind won- owned by tho UnitedStates, IttlKHlh and .In pan. not olio wontinto notion during rlilAjr the Spanish-American or th.- itusso-Jupitucsc War;whereas, so long ag<> as 1861 a sub-marine tui'podo !..»:« did ;n into notion.attacking nnd sinking a man-of-war.This distinction belongs to the Con-ifederate states subthnrluo Hutilcy, and.Crude ami iitiperfcet -is was that|nt rahgo little craft, lt-< general plaithas boon followed in live most modemsubmarines.The lltfnley was constructed In theiron works of Parks & Lyons, at Mo-l-ib1. Ala For hoi- hull itto buildersused what was tm-st available.un or¬dinary cylinder holler. forty-eightInches In dlamotor and twenty-live (Ocilong. The limited Interior ::paco wasdill further restricted by partitioningoff compartments for water ballast,tho tanks being filled and emptied byvalves, iloavy pieces of iron werebolted 'o the kocl in such manner that!they could h« detached by the crewfrom the Inside In cusu It should he-come uecessar) to rise quickly to thosurface. The screw propeller was at-!Inched to .«hau running through th--boat. On this shart were set elgh».Tanks <lt different angles. Tl.es-cranks wore grasped and worked bjHi.- men. who sal upon Ihc pprl side,the shaft iMdng supported by bracketson the starboard. So confine! was thespar,, that when Iho men woro In,their places It was Impossible to mosofrom one end of tho boat to the other.The commanding officer's position wasIn the bow. whence he controlled therudder and the two Iron fins whichsent the -ho.-.: up or down. Tho ofllcoralso attended the torpedo, the totalarinanent of tho boii.i. This was a cop-per cylinder holding about ninety jpounds of explosives, fastened uponthe end or n boom twonty-ono feetlone, which extended from tin- no-'-of tile craft. The only means of so-curing a fresh nupplv of air nftor theboat had dived was t*i come to thesurface and remove a hatch cover.Upon the completion >>r tie- lluitleyat .Mobile, it was decided that Ghnrlca-

top harbor offered the host Hold for!.operations, and she whs accordingly'moved ;¦> that city by vail Th" narrii-;live ot her subsequent career is brief,hut tho story glows With heroism anddevotion.

I'fspiie tho strange nature of th.-crafl, it was not found ditrieuit loU'-cure n crow and all was soon Inreadiness for an expedition against theblockading licet. Tho urew look their]places, the hatch covers wore aboutto bo bolted in place, when, while stillalongside tho dock, the boat wasSwamped by a heavy awell, and everyman aboard was drowned. She wasraised, and another crew volunteered,I Again, nnd In almost the sumo manner,tin; boat was sWftinpcd at the dock, sixmen perishing.After this occurrence th" boat whsturned over to her builder. Captainllunlcy. and n volunteer crew fromMobile, men who had assisted In her

building, were more or less familiarwith the craft, and who. hearing ofthe two disasters at Charleston, hadhastened lo offer their services.

This time it seoritcd as though allthings were lo work satisfactorily. Themen took their places, the hatch coverswere bolted down, the lines wore castoff. tho boat moved away from thedock and dived gracefully amid thocheers of the spectators. Minutespassed, then an hour, but the subma¬rine tlid not reappear. Upon lnvostl-f gallon It was found that tho boat haddriven her nose Into the soft mud ofthe bottom with such force as to ren¬der it Impossible for the crow to badeoff and rise to the surface. All buddl'-d from suffocation.Tho Hunley whs raised and pre-jpared for service again. Already she.had claimed tweilty-lhroo victims, but

n fourth crew stepped forward In¬stantly when a cnll for voluutuors wasmade. /No further trouble was experienced,and Hits crow spent some lime In get¬ting/ thoroughly acquainted with tlisbo.-iA and her possibilities, practicingnn/t rising. It was found that in com¬paratively smooth water II was poa-prhlc to make a speed of four miles

orn hour, but if the water was roughtlot nearly so good time could bemade. .\s a test of the time It wouldbe ihir-slble lo keep iho boat Submerged;she Wfrfl .-.-(lowed in lie upon the bottorn until the men could endure thelack of air no longer.for iwo hoursand Ihlrty-flVe minutes.As the boat, when submerged, could

only he atcored by dead reckoning. Itwas necessary thai any attack whichshe made should ho delivered at night;when she could rise, ink"' a sight, dlvnund then steer in accordance with theobservation. There was lit Ho prob¬ability dint the small conning-tower.the only part necessary to bring abovetho surface for an Observation, wouldbe observed on a fairly dar!; night,whereas tho officer of the submarinecould readily distinguish a man-of-war.Many attempts wore made to reach

lite blockading vessels of tho harbor,but ns the nearest lay twelve milesaway li was found ihat only underthe most propitious conditions wouldit be possible to go so far out and gotback under the shelter of the forts be¬fore dawn.Conditions soeincd favorable on Ihn

17th nf February, I864, however, andlate in lh<' afternoon the llunlcyslipped silently lownrd Iho harbormouth, ncvor to return.

It was not until tho close of iho war.when divers examined the wreckof tho United .States man-of-warllousntonlc. lhat the fato of the sub¬marine was surely known. Then It wasdiscovered that, when at last tho Hunley had reached her foe. destroyed anddestroyer had gone down together, tholittle craft being dragged down bythe suction of the boat she had tor¬pedoed..Harper's Weekly.

filniieeMlrr l.nnd (.rants.Cou tinned.liüii. ^\"iIlium Hall, 220 acres north

nf Cole's Branch, which falls Into ihnmain swamp running inio Poropolank,joining Richard Nee, Mr. Hilms, Mr.Brooking, etc. Repeated 1005 und In1711: 11" acres escheat land ut Rrook-lug's corner oak, near Maker's Bridge.Captain Hohcrl Colics was of vestryIt!i0. .mil William Broiiklhg of tli" vos-try, 1700, and clerk of vestry, 1721.

1691. Samuel Covlngtoti, in right ofIiis wife Hannah, at iho mouth of a

gut. east side of I'oropotank Creek;William Harrington, In Pclswortli Par-Ish. 1737.

1001. WilllAin Collawne, Jr., no acresJoining old dividend of his, father, Wil-Haul Collawne. and on a. line of markedtrees on GUI's land, and OH acres In1602 Joining his own and Mr. Haines**land, and In 1704. 62 acres at the cor¬ner of Colonel Warner's land at thelower end of a point by RlchlandHw.imp, on ihe PlankJ.tnnk.

1601, William Gütherlti, 200 acres.King's CreeU, near Po.'opolank (Kingand Queen").

1601. Charles Roane, acre?, northside of Colo's Branch, which tails Inthe main swamp that runs .Into Poro-potank (see 'also Planketank

1701. Robert Vauls (DorchesterMaryland I, gave power of attorney toWilliam Cornau, of, York county, Va.,lo take possession of 1.200 acres onForopotank Creek. In Gloucester, lefthim by Robert Vaulx, of York county,merchant, deceased, as his heir appa¬rent.

1631, William Urooklno and Robert.Vonlos, 270 acres of a former dividendof their land, and foriijorly belongingto I'ap'ain Roheit Culler.' Also Wil¬liam Brooking, Sii uciioyoii branch at

head of Pornpotank.17-:;. Dr. Charles Toinkles', js licros,

joining Ilia own land, and II) ]7!M )ioexchanged with Robert Bernard tOUacres In Kingston Pnrl.Mh for 2fi0 nfirosiin Potsworth Parish, owned l»y Roh-|ert'a father, William Bernard flfohr]i it ft ). Ho was ancestor of tin- familyby (hat itnmo In Gloucester Wife. MaryAlexander.' daughter of nr. DavidAlexander and his wifn Ann Morgan,!who wax a daughter «>C Krauels ."Wor-gaii above.

1.744. Wilson Cary, rn; acres, head >>tthe onstmosl head brunch of Poropo-iniiic, and nit; acres betweerl Pnitoiran,i Turks Ferry roads, Joining ColonelGryntca on every corner. Richard Carylived In Gloucester, 1602. John Carylived near Colonel Samuel Bucknor,17IS. In |7t3 Major Wilson Cury had.1,000 acres n-iar Turk-. Fei ry and John

j.Royston and James Dudley17.73, Peter Komp, 163 acres op n.tpp,

Road, along Camptleld's patent, and ta lino of Hank's patent. Ho u'aa lh;jI Petsworth vestry* 1749. 'n pt.-John Royston, doceastd. and w«i Iiivestry, 17'%7. Thomas Kemp, justice,I 1695, Peter Kemp. Justice. 1702; patcm, 16S7. In lax hook, 17S2, i; flicfollowing: ''Peter Kemp. t')i acresiWilliam Kemp. 250; Elizabeth Kemp.200; Betty Kemp, 300; Mary Krtvtp.iHp." Thomas Kemp, deptUy sheriff,17S9, and son of Robert, and died ISji.Peter Kemp.' administrator and Kitar-fllap to only son. Warren.Pryor Kemp,who went to school. 1S17. to .MisNancy KJnhingham. and Irl 1S14 to Mrs!Harriet Rucltner (7), W Rol BrooksIn 1.S20. W. Francis Price ($21, Mid :..>sWilliam E, Ware 1$22. Warren Kemp'.-will was probated by William Woodand John Bank, ISl'j und hi; father.Cohort Komp, OXOCIItOI

Mlcbnrdsoii.(See November 29, I0i0;jN'Othing ....jenis t>. be Known of the

6 run tee, l.tytfto Richardson The Rlclurdeotitft oi No.n Kent may dcdcoitd

from him. In tho Now Kent ParishRegister is Coitnd, early hi Ihc eight-couth century, Robert Richardson,who married Jane and had a Hiring ofchildren.William, bom In 170S; Anno,1710; Edmund. ITI2: Rlltahoth, 1714 iHenry, I7t5; Slury, 171«; Robert, in:1;.lane, i.721: Angelica. 17SS; Croon. 1725;Har.ih; 1727: Hannah. 1729. Twentylong yours of babies!

Charles wtfs probably the brother ofRobert; Ho first married Ann" Plant',and b.id Charles, born in 1714. Thonhe married on ISIIzaboth, and had KH/.-abplh, bom In 1721, and Plaut, 172S.I" used to ho a way with (ho "recon-lmarried" to hämo tho children uftorthe first wlfo or husband,: n gave a cer¬tain sort of fninlllnr relation, which,strange lo say. wan a solace.Il"iuy. probably another brother,married Rutli about I7I4. and hadrcuili Hnd Henry. Ship Richardson, ofNow Kent, married Margaret and hadThomas, .Susannah: and .lohn.Hdmund Richardson, the t un ,.f Rob¬ert above, married, about 17.",''.. Mir-,find had Thomas, horn in 1736, ami EJUS-aboth, born In 1739. Thomas, tho son.f sulp, married Mary ahout 1753', andbad John. 173 1, nnd Maty Dove, 1757.It Is rare thai we find the "middle"nhtno before the second half of tri«eight enih century. John, the son ofSkip, married Surah, and had Richard,born 1767, and John, horn In 1771.The last Richardson entry in tho NewKent reglyter is .lossy, who married"Susanna. Rnil had Holt. It would bo

most interesting to have this fragmen¬tary effort supplemented and the fam¬ily of Richardson presented to the sat¬isfaction of Its members. Tho name i.tborne r.y men of dislIn<-tIon und honor,and a good genenlogy would bo appro-in cdHollace, Ironmonger. Corduroy andDay mint enter tho noble army of thoabsolutely forgotten. Thomas MillerIs not articulate either. Major' Wil¬liam Miller might have been his son.II v must ha vi- been a man of goodstanding, for ho was vestryman ofPottsworth, and Henry Wlllla became,

vestryman In his place when ho died.There is a village !.> King and Queenwhich ni.iv be the namesake of t'.icsa« illy set tiers.There are, of course, many ThomasJoneses, and It is impossible to piaeflThomas .roues of 1667. Roger .lottos,the ancestor of tho Catesby Jones faiyi-lly of Virginia, hail a son, Thomas, buthe did not come over until I6S0.

Ititckncr.We nirlly disposed of the. Btickncr*

list Sunday by referring one readers tuHie ponderous volume on, the Bucknerfamily, which Is somewhat Inaccessible,but as John nucknor persists in takingup land in Gloucester, we feel cuii-strained to say a word of him. In spltnof tip' volume. John Bucknor had a.large area of land and a large family,viz.: William (2), of Yorktbwn: John(2). of Gloucester and Bssox: Richard(2), of Kssox, and Thomas (2), of Glou¬cester. William (2) Bucknor was mag¬istrate and Burgess and surveyor-gen¬eral for William and Mary College. lipmarried Catherine Ballurd, and hailWilliam CD and John CD. William CDdied childless and left his property toJohn CD, who removed to Stafford aridbecame a member of the. House ot Bur¬gesses.Thomas (2) married Sarah, daughter

of Captain Kernels Morgan, and hintFrancis (3), Thomas CD and ColonelSamuel (3). Thomas CD married MaryTlmson. Samuel married Ann, first,and, second, Mary Tlmson, the widowof Ids brother, Thomas, followingstrictly the biblical injunction of rais¬ing up seed unto his brother.Samuel Tlmson married a daughter

of Haid win Mat hews, and Thomas ititck¬ncr had Baldwin Mathewa Bupkner,nnd one of tho old tombs at Man-Held,In Gloucester, reads thus: "Hero lycthyo Body of Dorothy Buckner, thu wlfoof Baldwin Mathews Buckner."Tho children of Baldwin Mathews

Bucknci' were Thomas, Samuel, Robertund John. Thomas married t-ilizabct.liCoökc. John married Dorothy Scroshy.and had Nancy Tlmson Buckher, whomarried Rev. Servant Jones, of Wil-llamsburg.

Richard (2) Buckner was clerk of theHouse of Burgesses, and ho was thnfather of VVIUlsm, of Caroline. John.121 Buckner married Anne, and hadsons. John CD and William (ID.

Colonel Samuel CD Buckner marriedand had two daughters. Dorothy, whomarried her cousin, Baldwin Malhcw»Buckner. and Mary, who married Colo¬nel Charles Mynn Thornton, who In¬stead of boating his sword into apruning hook turned his surplice Intoa .-word. H.- was an- Episcopal tllylno,who became a dashing Revolutionarysoldier, and was rnlle,i tho "WarriorParson." Robert, son of BaldwinMatthews Buckner. died early, and lofta daughter. Charity, who married Colo¬nel William Jones, of Gloucester.Charily Buckner was an orphan girl otGloucester county. ot wealth andbounty, and .wc hope, of those dlvin'nqualities which forced her friends tosay the greatest of all is Charity. Shoand her husband lived at Concord, onYork Rlvor.u beautiful combination.Concord and Charity. Colonel Joneswas a uhlptio character, a distin¬guished lawyer and candid enough litan age of iron-bound orthodoxy to an¬nounce himself a Unitarian. He lindin. children, bui of his kith and kmcalled Concord home.Buckner In a most usual baptismal

name; being connected with the Thorntons. Fields. Jones, Cookcs and otherfamilies.

'Iho emigrant, John Buckner. has ihnhonor of bringing tho llrsl printingpress Into Virginia, which was sup¬pressed, unhappily, in ICS;;. WilliamNu then tl warf tho printer.perhaps binname was indicative of his ability.Would thai wo could insert In thta

paper nil the sayings of this RevprenftServant Jones: ills tomb und that othis wife stand In old Brulon ohttroh-yurd, and traditions teem with anec¬dotes of this unhillc and witty gentle¬man of Hie. historic "grace."The Rev, Servant Jones lived at.

11 -lllii hi. on tho York River, wberotaiwai'd Bigges one- lived, and Whoro,the famous "!.'.- >'¦" tobacco wasraised. Mr. Jones used the brand, andwan a gentleman of huge wealth.Notwithstanding Iiis worldly pros¬perity, lie prcnohod the uosp.-i lo ihiqnegroes In the. Power Horn at \Stl-itattjsuurg. Ono ceiling at dusk theobi gentleman was preaching.nodoubt hell-lite and damnation.to annttentlve congregation- A mlschloxoils young lawyer climbed Into tholofi nnd i"' down lighted pumpkinIn the mids: of the gloom. The con¬gregation was almost frantic withtear and cried out that ihc devil had<.onio.

"You fool- cried the. preachor.'don't von know that tho devil Isconfident thai von all at last urncoming to him; and why shout.) tie.come to you?"Onco in his travels tho Rev. Ser¬

vant Jone» cant" tat) to a country,tavern and desired to bo fed. Minnhosl hod naught but tho fragment ofa chicken left by a Mr Owl.The dish was act. before Mr Jonca,

who fervently prayed;.Lord, bless the. OwlThat ctJc the foul

_Mel left the boiefor Servant Jon<

jpitdoh over hiis absolutely il»Hi e\ ory virtue r.'

TinNunc:It re

tombstone--not .vet S<I he, way i" the chnrgh,Hit) CCi'olJtl .Mi- JvneO