AUDIO-SOUND HearingListening. AESTHETICS Realism –Illusion of reality to support the visuals ...

AUDIO-SOUNDAUDIO-SOUND

HearingHearing

ListeningListening

AESTHETICSAESTHETICS RealismRealism– Illusion of reality to support the visualsIllusion of reality to support the visuals

ModernismModernism– Sound independent of visualsSound independent of visuals

Post ModernismPost Modernism– Emphasizes listener participation to Emphasizes listener participation to

raise emotionsraise emotions

TYPES OF MICSTYPES OF MICS TransducerTransducer– Converts sound to electronicsConverts sound to electronics– Vibration of air against surfaceVibration of air against surface

DynamicDynamic RibbonRibbon Condenser (Electret)Condenser (Electret) Digital (still analog)Digital (still analog)

PICK UP PATTERNSPICK UP PATTERNS Omni-directionalOmni-directional Bi-directionalBi-directional UnidirectionalUnidirectional CardiodCardiod Super cardiodSuper cardiod

MIC PLACEMENTMIC PLACEMENT On-cameraOn-camera– Hand-heldHand-held– Desk/floor standDesk/floor stand– Lavaliere-lapelLavaliere-lapel

Off-cameraOff-camera– BoomBoom

Fishpole, Giraffe, PerambulatorFishpole, Giraffe, Perambulator

– HiddenHidden Body, hanging, propBody, hanging, prop

MIC SELECTIONMIC SELECTION Pickup patternPickup pattern Hidden-visibleHidden-visible Close-distantClose-distant Quality vs. expenseQuality vs. expense TransducerTransducer

BEYOND MONAURALBEYOND MONAURAL Multiple micsMultiple mics– Close Close – PhasingPhasing

3 X rule p. 1643 X rule p. 164

– MixerMixer StereoStereo– Multiple mics or special micsMultiple mics or special mics

Surround or 5.1 or ???Surround or 5.1 or ???

SOUND CONTROLSOUND CONTROL NoiseNoise– Unwanted added soundUnwanted added sound– Too low levelToo low level– Signal-to-noise ratioSignal-to-noise ratio p. 167p. 167– Ambient noiseAmbient noise– System noiseSystem noise

DistortionDistortion– Unwanted changes in soundUnwanted changes in sound– Too high levelToo high level

MEASUREMENTMEASUREMENT Volume-intensity-loudnessVolume-intensity-loudness MetersMeters– Volume Units (VU) (average)Volume Units (VU) (average)– Peak Program Meter (PPM) (Peak)Peak Program Meter (PPM) (Peak)– Calibrated in dBs & % of distortion levelCalibrated in dBs & % of distortion level

LightsLights– Peak flashingPeak flashing– Light Emitting Diodes (LED)Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

Automatic: AGC, ALCAutomatic: AGC, ALC

CABLESCABLES Professional- 2 + shieldProfessional- 2 + shield Amateur - 1+ shieldAmateur - 1+ shield AvoidAvoid– Power lines (cross at right angle)Power lines (cross at right angle)– Long linesLong lines– Coiled cableCoiled cable

Proper handlingProper handling– Over-under coilingOver-under coiling– Don’t step on cablesDon’t step on cables

CONNECTORS-PLUGSCONNECTORS-PLUGS AudioAudio– XLR, XLR, – 1/4” (phone), 1/4” (phone), – RCA (phono),RCA (phono),– Mini (1/8”0Mini (1/8”0

VideoVideo– BNCBNC– RF (F)RF (F)

MIXINGMIXING Console-mixer-boardConsole-mixer-board Three stagesThree stages– Input-mixing-outputInput-mixing-output

Controls-fadersControls-faders Pre-amplifiersPre-amplifiers AmplifiersAmplifiers DistributionDistribution Monitors,meteringMonitors,metering

LEVELSLEVELS LowLow– Mics, turntablesMics, turntables

LineLine– Deck outputs (CD, R-Dat, Tapes)Deck outputs (CD, R-Dat, Tapes)

HighHigh– Speaker, headphonesSpeaker, headphones

SETTING LEVELSSETTING LEVELS One at a timeOne at a time 80% as starting point80% as starting point Keep out of the “mud”Keep out of the “mud” Keep below distortionKeep below distortion Head roomHead room

COMMANDSCOMMANDS Fade (in or out)Fade (in or out) SegueSegue Cross fadeCross fade CutCut OpenOpen Sound up and under (bed)Sound up and under (bed) BacktimeBacktime

SOUND PERSPECTIVESOUND PERSPECTIVE Alone- self-explanatoryAlone- self-explanatory Match visuals or counterpointMatch visuals or counterpoint Stereo is not realStereo is not real Surround, 5.1 moves toward realismSurround, 5.1 moves toward realism

DIGITALDIGITAL

Digital Audio Workstations (DAW)Digital Audio Workstations (DAW)– Can replace entire control roomCan replace entire control room– Any PC/Mac with audio cardAny PC/Mac with audio card

Audio in and audio out always analogAudio in and audio out always analog