Vessel offerings in tombs imparting magical sustenance to the deceased.
Bryan Kraemer
Note
Pottery vessels not a MB feature (sic Bietak)
Bryan Kraemer
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Stratum G4 to G1-3 show marked increase in MB Levantine vessel types suggesting a major population influx at end of Dynasty 13.
Bryan Kraemer
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Tell el Yahudiya Ware. Seen at Tell ed-Dabaa in early 13th Dynasty d/1.
Bryan Kraemer
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spread of Tell el-Yahudiya ware from North to South.
Bryan Kraemer
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typological Development of Tell el Yahudiya Ware and its occurrences at Tell ed-Dabaa.
Bryan Kraemer
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New Types of Tell el Yahudiya Ware appearing in Hyksos Period.
Bryan Kraemer
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distributions of Hyksos tell el Yahudiya ware in Cyprus, Southern Canaan.
Bryan Kraemer
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No trade with syria in Hyksos period.
Bryan Kraemer
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Cypriotie community in Tell el Dabaa indicated by globular jug handle manufacturing technique.
Bryan Kraemer
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NAA evidence shows Stratum H at T ed-Dabaa has ceramics rom Northern Syria.
Bryan Kraemer
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Ceramic evidence suggests migration of peoples from Northern Syria to Southern Palestine.
Bryan Kraemer
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Plausible Egyptian system of harbours along coastline to Byblos in 12-13th Dynasties.
Bryan Kraemer
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HAty-a Smiw of city in Southern Palestine on amphora handle.
Bryan Kraemer
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Palesitinian princes taking title of Egyptian mayors.
Bryan Kraemer
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Branch of Hykos at Tell el Ajjul evidenced by scarabs.
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Imported commodities from Southern Palestine.
Bryan Kraemer
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Imports from Palestine indicated by Kamose stela.
Bryan Kraemer
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Large quantity of Cypriote pottery in D/3-2 suggest strong trade ties with Cyprus.
Bryan Kraemer
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Ezbet Hilmi butress wall 6.5-8.5 m wide.
Bryan Kraemer
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Ezbet HIlmi only Hyksos period site.
Bryan Kraemer
Note
Features of ezbet HIlmi site:
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Note
Large platform for fort or watchtower in H /I
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Some Hyksos remains in area H/II under 18th dynasty palatial building.
Bryan Kraemer
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Garden with tree pits dating to the end of the Hyksos period probably attached to a major palatial complex of Hyksos period.
Bryan Kraemer
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Fragments of the palace of sekerher/salitis/sikkur-haddu
Bryan Kraemer
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Stela of Iannas/janassi-Ad
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Pseudo-Naos of Apophis and Tany, from Ka chapel for these individuals.
Bryan Kraemer
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Area H/I only later expansion of earlier Hyksos period site.
Bryan Kraemer
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Lack of destruction layer suggests some credibilty in the surrender of Ezbet HIlmi and permission ot escape to Souther Palestine reported in Manetho.
Bryan Kraemer
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Large platform H/I of palace built in early 18th dynasty.
Bryan Kraemer
Note
Stratigraphic relationship of palace platform to underlying late Hyksos garden and enclosure wall suggests early 18th dynasty date. Orientation of platform with other eighteenth dynasty structures also confirms this.
Bryan Kraemer
Note
Ezbet HIilmi palace resembles southern town at Deir el Ballas.
Bryan Kraemer
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Platform H/I supported elevated fortress.
Bryan Kraemer
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Large building compounds of early 18th dynasty south of the palace of H/I.
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H/III magazines of palace.
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Votive vessels and imports found in H/II.
Bryan Kraemer
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First Minoan pottery attested in citadel.
Bryan Kraemer
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Locally made minoan rhyta suggest presence of Minoans at ezbet Hilmi.
Bryan Kraemer
Note
New Kingdom workshops and houses.
Bryan Kraemer
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Royal scarabs found in context in sequence from Ahmose to Amenhotep II
Bryan Kraemer
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Stratigraphic sequence of houses at east fo H/I suggests date post Ahmose.
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royal building west of H/I: H/V
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mid-18th Dynasty is approximate end of the use of large building and middle class settlement.
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Debris of destruction of palace overlying Hyksos garden.
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Glass fragment is first attested in Egypt.
Bryan Kraemer
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Minoan style decorated plaster fragments.
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Bietak associates the scenes from Tell ed-Dabaa with motifs created and specific to the palace at Knossos.
Bryan Kraemer
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Half life size bull representations in stucco relief.
Bryan Kraemer
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Stucco reliefs found near entrance, similar to those at Knossos.
Bryan Kraemer
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Piece similar to Prince of the lilies at Knossos found near H/II
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The technique exhibited in the frescos at Tell ed Dabaa show that the artists were probably fro m Knossos.
Bryan Kraemer
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Paintings done in combination of fresco and secco.
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Plaster is simialr to that of Knossos.
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Other details of the motifs have direct parallels to Thera.
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Tell ed-Dabaa paintings date to Late Minoan IA.
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Tell ed-Dbaa contemporary to Thera paintings.
Bryan Kraemer
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Correleation of Tell ed-Dbaa to Santorini causes 130 year gap in evidence.
Bryan Kraemer
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Finds of pumice from Santorini in one stratum dating between Ahmose and Thutmosis III.
Bryan Kraemer
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No pumice found in Hyksos period strata at Tell ed-Dabaa.
Bryan Kraemer
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Pumice found at Tel Hebua in 2IP layers.
Bryan Kraemer
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Minoan wall paintings in other Levantine centers.
Bryan Kraemer
Note
Tentative explanation for the appearance of Minoan art in the 18th dynasty palaces.
Bryan Kraemer
Note
tell ed-Dbaa paintings seen in light of royal iconography from KNossos but not found in Levantine centers.
Bryan Kraemer
Note
Dynastic Marriage Hypothesis.
Bryan Kraemer
Note
Ahhotep as Hnwt idbw HAw-nbwt
Bryan Kraemer
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Military Alliance scenario.
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Exbet Hilmi parallels the Sedjefa-Tawy compound at Deir el Ballas.
Bryan Kraemer
Note
Tell edDabaa used as a forward base for military activities in Southern Palestine.
Bryan Kraemer
Note
Kerma pottery from early 18th dynasty perhaps soldiers at Tell ed-Daba.
Bryan Kraemer
Note
Late Helladic bronze arrowheads.
Bryan Kraemer
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Harbor of eru-Nefer situated at Tell ed-Dbaa
Bryan Kraemer
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Qantir excavations uncovered barracks and other military installations.