Axial Skeleton Bones of the Skull. The Skull: Two Sets of Bones The Cranium: Facial:

Axial Skeleton

Bones of the Skull

The Skull: Two Sets of Bones

• The Cranium:

• Facial:

Cranium = 3 Sutures

Three Sutures

• Coronal• Sagittal• Lamboidal

Cranium = 8 Bones

• Frontal = 1• Parietal = 2• Temporal = 2• Occipital = 1• Sphenoid = 1• Ethmoid = 1

Frontal = #1(single)

Parietal = #2 (Pair)

Temporal = #4 (pair)

Bone Markings of the Temporal Bone

External Acoustic Meatus

• Canal that leads to the eardrum

Styloid Process

• Needle-like projection

• The site of muscle attachment for many neck muscles

Zygomatic Arch

• The bridge that joins with the cheek bone

Mastoid ProcessRough projection

posterior and inferior to the acoustic meatus

Filled with air cavaties called mastoid sinuses

Attachment site for neck muscles

• Openings:

• Jugular Foramen

• Carotid Canal

Occipital = #3 (single)

Bone Markings of the Occipital Bone

• Foramen Magnum

• Large opening that allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain

Bone Markings of the Occipital Bone

• Occipital Condyles

• Rest on the first vertebra of the spinal column

Sphenoid

• Butterfly shaped, spans the width of the skull

Markings of the Sphenoid

• Stella Turcica: “Turk’s Saddle” that holds the pituitary gland

• Foramen Ovale: Oval opening that allows Cranial Nerve V to pass to the chewing muscle

Ethmoid

Features of the Ethmoid

• Crista Galli: “Cock’s Comb” where the brain covering attaches

• Cribiform Plate: Nerves carrying olfactory receptors

Extensions of Ethmoid Bone

• Superior and Middle Nasal Conchae

• Form lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Facial Bones

• Maxillae (2 Fused)• Palatine (Paired)• Zygomatic• Lacrimal• Nasal• Vomer• Inferior Nasal

Conchae• Mandible

Maxillae

• Upper Jaw

• All facial bones except the mandible join the maxillae

• Carry the upper teeth

Palatine Bones

• Paired bones form the posterior part of the hard palate

Zygomatic Bones

• The cheekbones

• Form the eye sockets

Lacrimal Bones

• Medial walls of the orbit (eye socket) with a groove for tears (lacrima = tear)

Nasal Bones = #4

Vomer Bone

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Mandible

Hyoid Bone

• Not included with skull• Closely related to the

mandible• Does not articulate

(suspended)• Base for tongue

movement• Attachment for neck

muscles• Not the Adam’s Apple,

that is the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx

Axial Skeleton Bones of the Skull. The Skull: Two Sets of Bones The Cranium: Facial:

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