Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1 Agenda 1)Photosynthesis/Resp Test Results 2)Make up...

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1

Agenda1) Photosynthesis/Resp Test Results2) Make up assignment – 30% of points

lost on test3) Biochemistry Lecture4) Complete your organic molecule tables

from yesterday5) Reading Assignment

Photo/Resp Test Results – Hour 4

Avg: 60%

Photo/Resp Test Results – Hour 5

Avg: 69%

Test Make up assignment – 30% of missing points.

1) Essay Question: Explain the significance and causes of the Great Oxygenation Event, or GOE, more than 3.5 billion years ago.

1) Typed, 300 word minimum2) Spelling/Grammar graded. Use paragraphs. 3) Full make up only granted for well written,

insightful, and NON PLAGIARIZED papers.2) Diagram of photosynthesis and respiration, in

color, all parts labeled.3) Equation of both photosynthesis and respiration

NOT PLAGIARIZED = YOUR ORIGINAL WORK

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1

Review of Vocab:Molecules: 2 or more atoms bonded togetherOrganic: Having to do with living thingsOrganic Molecules: Molecules found in living things

NOTES (if needed)

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1

4 Organic Molecules we’ll learn about:Carbohydrates (Sugars)Proteins (… Proteins)Nucleic Acid (DNA and RNA)Lipids (including fats)

NOTES

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1

New Vocab:Monomer: (mono = one, meros = part) Single unit that makes up a repeating pattern.Polymer: (poly = many, meros = part) Two or more monomers bonded together

NOTES

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1

Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids are polymers, built out of smaller monomers.

NOTES

Monomer

MonomerMonomer Monomer

Monomer

Monomer

MonomerMonomer

MonomerMonomer

Monomer Monomer

Monomer

POLY

MER

Carbohydrates (sugars)

GLUCOSE

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates - Starch

Carbohydrates - Cellulose

Carbohydrates - Glycogen

Carbohydrates

1) Carbohydrates are made up of monomers of glucose.2) Types of Carbohydrate polymers include glycogen, starch, and cellulose.3) Glycogen and Starch store energy in living things for short periods of time4) Carbohydrate polymers are broken down into monomers using Hydrolysis, and synthesized using Dehydration5) Cellulose forms cell walls and strong structures in plants

NOTES

Proteins

Proteins

Monomer: 20 different Amino Acids

Polymer: Polypeptide

Proteins

Proteins

Proteins1 ) Proteins are made up of monomers of 20 different Amino Acids 2) Different Proteins have a different order and number of amino acids in them3) Proteins do many different things inside living cells: including catalyzing reactions, copying DNA, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. 

4) Proteins only work because of their shape. Form = function.

NOTES

Proteins

5) Proteins have 4 different levels that determine their shape.

a) Primary (1): Order of amino acidsb) Secondary (2): Folding into spirals,

sheets, or other shapes due to orderc) Tertiary (3): Folding into a protein shape

due primary/secondary structured) Quaternary (4): Combination with other

polypeptides.

NOTES

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 2

Agenda1) Review of Proteins2) Practice Activity – fold your own

proteins!3) No homework

Proteins

Monomer: 20 different Amino Acids

Polymer: Polypeptide

Proteins

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 3

Agenda1) Review of carbohydrates2) Practice Activity – making your own

polymers from carbohydrate monomers3) Homework: finish questions on your

white sheet – handed in when you come in tomorrow.

Carbohydrates

3 monomers for carbohydrates:1) Glucose2) Galactose3) FructoseThese are also known as monosaccharides(mono = one, saccharide = sugar)

Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides)

Carbohydrates

1) Carbohydrates are made up of monomers of glucose, galactose, and fructose.2) Types of Carbohydrate polymers include glycogen, starch, and cellulose.3) Glycogen and Starch store energy in living things for short periods of time4) Carbohydrate polymers are broken down into monomers using Hydrolysis, and synthesized using Dehydration5) Cellulose forms cell walls and strong structures in plants

Modify your NOTES

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 3

Carbohydrate Practice1) Forms groups of 2 (NO MORE). Group

needs 1 blue, 2 white, and 2 yellow sheets. Read the front side of the blue sheet completely.

2) Start the procedures on blue sheet. READ CAREFULLY. When it says paste onto a blue sheet, paste onto your white worksheet. Make sure your name is on your sheet. Answer the questions (talk to your group and check your notes).

Sucrose

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 4

Agenda1) Turn in your carbohydrate sheet up front.2) Nucleic Acids/Lipids Lecture w/notes.3) Review packet for 6.1-6.4

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Monomer: 5 different amino acids

Polymer: RNA and DNA

Nucleic Acids

1) 5 Nucleotides are the monomers that make up the RNA or DNA nucleic acid polymer. These 5 nucleotides are:

1) Thymine, Uracil, Guanine, Adenine, and Cytosine (TUGAC)

2) DNA is found inside the nucleus of our cells.3) Both RNA and DNA act as a set of

instructions for our cells.

We’ll get more into this next trimester

NOTES

Lipids

Lipids

Lipids

1) Lipids store energy long term.2) They also form the majority of the

membrane around our cells3) They’re made of long chains of carbon

and hydrogen atoms. 4) Saturated lipids have no double bonds –

unsaturated fats do. 5) They do not easily dissolve in water

(Hydrophobic)

NOTES

Biochemistry Day 4

1) Expectations:1) Complete 6.1-6.4 packet2) Hand in Carbohydrates sheet from

11/7 if not yet completed3) Quiz Tuesday

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 5

Agenda1) Hand Back Work2) Complete Chapter 6 Review Packet for

Tomorrow (Hand in with quiz)3) Enzyme Lecture w/ notes4) Review Organic Molecules

Enzymes

1) Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering how much energy is needed to have the reaction happen.

2) Enzymes, like all proteins, depend on their shape to work properly FORM = FUNCTION

3) Enzymes are usually shaped so that they target one type of molecule – this molecule is called the substrate

NOTES

Enzymes

NEEDS ENERGY

Enzymes

Enzymes

Enzymes

SUBSTRATE

Enzymes

Enzymes

4) Living organisms are constantly splitting and building molecules in chemical reactions.

5) The amount of energy needed to start a reaction is called the Activation Energy

6) Enzymes lower this activation energy by binding to a substrate – lowering this energy is called Catalysis. (The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme)

NOTES

Enzymes

My expectations for you today are:

1) Complete your chapter 6 packet. This will be handed in tomorrow with your quiz.

2) Draw a new table with all 4 organic molecules, fill it out and review. Tomorrow you have a quiz: there is no excuse to do badly if you study today. Sections 6.1 – 6.4 are fair game for me to use.

3) Quiz each other and check understanding. Please do not waste this time. Look over your notes. Look over your packet. Ask me/other students for clarification.

TODAY:

BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW TODAY:

MONOMERS (name them if needed)

DIFFERENT TYPES/ POLYMERS

FOUND WHERE?

PURPOSE/ FUNCTION

Saccharides (carbohydrates)

Name them Be able to name 3

For each type For each type

Proteins Give some examples we talked about

Nucleic Acids Name them 2 types

Lipids What elements make them up

ALSO READ/REVIEW Sections 6.1-6.4 in your books/packet

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 6

Agenda1) Organic Molecules Quiz OPEN

NOTE2) Enzyme Simulation Parts 1+2, (Parts

3+4) tomorrow

Enzymes

1) Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering how much energy is needed to have the reaction happen.

2) Enzymes, like all proteins, depend on their shape to work properly FORM = FUNCTION

3) Enzymes are usually shaped so that they target one type of molecule – this molecule is called the substrate

OLD NOTES

Enzymes

Enzymes

SUBSTRATE

EnzymesNoncompetitive Inhibition

Enzymes

How to tape your hand for Part 2

Noncompetitive Inhibition

EnzymesCompetitive Inhibition

Enzymes

1) Enzyme activity can be slowed or stopped in several different ways. Two ways are:

2) Competitive InhibitionSomething blocks the active site of the enzyme

3) Noncompetitive InhibitionSomething binds to the enzyme and makes it change shape

NOTES

Enzymes

1) Quiz Results were about 70% (before the curve) between hours 4-5

2) I curved the test to be out of 20 instead of 25. If you scored over 20 received that in extra credit.

3) I had 3 people achieve perfect scores, and 9 additional people got 90% or higher.

4) If you really bombed it, you need to start taking better notes and paying attention during lecture. Ask me for clarification. Please don’t wait until the quiz/test day to get help.

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 7

Agenda1) Quiz Results2) Finish Parts 1-3 Enzyme Activity3) Complete your data tables and graphs

Today is going to be a busy day – work efficiently and use your time. You will NOT get more time, so it’s in your best interest to stay focused, as I’m grading this packet.

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 7

Part 1: Basic Enzyme Function.Part 2: Noncompetitive Inhibition of enzyme function (enzyme changes shape)Part 3: Competitive Inhibition of enzyme function (other molecule gets in the way of the substrate)Hand = EnzymeBean = Substrate Before chemical reactionBean in cup = substrate after chemical reaction

15 TRIALS FOR EACH PART.

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 7

• Right away: open to “Breaking down poison” page.

• Read ALL OF THE DIRECTIONS BEFORE YOU START.

• You get one question about the lab for each table. I expect you to be able to read and follow directions.

• Tips: Glowing splint: use candle to burn splint, then blow out flame.

• If you need hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), take about 20mL in a beaker and bring it back to your table with a graduated cylinder so you can measure there.

• Another tip: Do not put liver down the drains. Wrap in paper and put in garbage. It’ll stink up the room if it goes in the drain.

• For test 6, keep the liver in the hot water bath for ~3 minutes

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 8

Agenda: Work day – Three things to complete1) Graph/Questions for Part 1 (bean lab)

• Complete any parts if you are missing – beans are in back.

2) Table/Questions for Part 2 (Liver Lab)3) Memorize the function and importance of all of the cell parts listed on the board.

• Make yourself notecards, a table, quiz each other, diagram – figure it out.• CELL PART QUIZ ON MONDAY.

Cell PartsKnow these parts:Cell Wall Cell MembraneCentriolesChlorophyllChloroplastCiliaCytoplasmEndoplasmicReticulumFlagellaGolgi Apparatus

LeucoplastLysosomeMicrotubulesMitochondriaNucleusNucleolusPhospholipid BilayerRibosomeVacuole

Cell PartsTUESDAY11/19 all missing assignments will go to a permanent 0.

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 9

Study your table/flashcards/whatever for 10 minutes – PAGE 199 IN YOUR BOOK

CELL PARTS QUIZ

For Part 1: Cross out B, F, and H

For Part 2: Cross out C, L

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 10

Agenda:1) Continue your sections 7.2 and 7.4 reading guide2) Studying for whole class retake of the cell

organelle quiz – you will have exactly 25 minutes tomorrow, no more, no less

3) TEXTBOOK RETURN: 11/25 ($70 fine!)

Not actual distribution, but close

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 10

Agenda:1) Two options:

a. Diagram of the cell with parts labeled with their name and function

b. 300 word essay about all the parts of the cell

Hand in with your quiz for +4 points on the quiz! (if it goes over 20/20 I’ll give extra credit!)

Cell PartsKnow these parts:Cell Wall Cell MembraneCentriolesChlorophyllChloroplastCiliaCytoplasmEndoplasmicReticulumFlagellaGolgi Apparatus

LeucoplastLysosomeMicrotubulesMitochondriaNucleusNucleolusPhospholipid BilayerRibosomeVacuole

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 11

Agenda:1) Quiz Redo (25 minutes EXACTLY – anything not

handed in at the point will not be accepted)2) Diffusion and Osmosis Notes (From section 7.2

and 7.4 and your reading guide).3) Egg Demonstration

Biochemistry and Biomolecules

Biochemistry and Biomolecules

Biochemistry and Biomolecules

Biochemistry and Biomolecules

Biochemistry and Biomolecules

Biochemistry and Biomolecules

1) The invention and use of microscopes allowed us to discover cells.

2) Cells are surrounded by a semipermeable membrane that allows the cell to control what comes in and out. Semipermeable = allows some substance through.

3) This membrane is built out of phospholipids, proteins and other substances.

How does the cell membrane control what comes in and out? (please don’t write this line in your notes..)

NOTES

Biochemistry and BiomoleculesNot all substances can pass through the membrane without help! (Starch, Fats, are too big or have a charge)

Biochemistry and Biomolecules1) Diffusion – movement across the membrane

from high to low concentration

Biochemistry and Biomolecules1) Facilitated Diffusion– movement across the

membrane from high to low concentration

Biochemistry and Biomolecules1) Osmosis – movement of water across the

membrane down a gradient

Biochemistry and Biomolecules1) Passive Transport – movement across the

membrane from high to low concentration (down a concentration gradient)

a. Diffusion: movement through the membrane of small particles (down the gradient)b. Facilitated diffusion: movement through a channel protein (down the gradient)c. Osmosis – Diffusion of water across a membrane

NOTES

Biochemistry and BiomoleculesActive Transport – AGAINST the concentration gradient

Biochemistry and BiomoleculesActive Transport – AGAINST the concentration gradient

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Biochemistry and Biomolecules1) Active Transport– movement across the

membrane from low to high concentration (against a concentration gradient)

a. Active Transport – a protein uses ATP to move the molecules (against the gradient)

b. Endocytosis – molecules go into a vesicle that enters the cell.c. Exocytosis – molecules go into a vesicle that pinches off from the cell

NOTES

Biochemistry and Biomolecules

Biochemistry and Biomolecules

Biochemistry and Biomolecules

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 12

Agenda:1) Continue Diffusion/Osmosis Notes2) Egg Demonstration/Write your explanation

Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 13

Agenda:1) Group Test Competition2) REAL test, Monday: Unit 4 on your green sheet

1) Organic Molecules: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates

2) Enzymes – how do they work?3) Cell organelles/parts4) Diffusion/Osmosis/Movement across the

membrane