Biology Lesson 7.3

Lesson 7.3

Four categories of bones based on shape:

1.Long bones – longer than they are wide

Example: femur

Four categories of bones based on shape:

1. Long bones

2. Short bones – like long bones but smallerExample: metacarpals

Four categories of bones based on shape:1. Long bones2. Short bones

3.Flat bones - are flat

Examples: ribs, bones of cranium

Usually protective in nature

Four categories of bones based on shape:1. Long bones2. Short bones3. Flat bones

4. Irregular bones – shape does not fit into other three categories

Example: vertebrae

Four categories of bones based on shape:5th type - sesmoid

Where tendon passes over joint.

Ex. Patella

Parts of a long bone:

Diaphysis – shaft of the bone

Epiphysis – ends of the bone or bulged ends

Parts of a long bone:•Diaphysis•Epiphysis

Periosteum – protective covering or sheath that surrounds the bone and contains blood vessels to nourish the bone cells

Types of bone tissue:

1. Compact bone •Solid matrix, very dense•Makes up 80% of skeleton•Forms a shell around

cancellous bone•Primarily in diaphysis

Types of bone tissue:

1. Compact bone

2. Spongy bone •found primarily in the epiphysis and medullary cavity•light weight and porous (spongy in appearance) • allows for the location of

red blood cells and white blood cells to be made

Medullary cavity –

core of the shaft is a cavity that as a child houses red marrow

and

as adults houses yellow marrow (fat).

1. Hydroxyapatite2. Calcium3. Collagen4. Protein5. Steel6. Maintaining7. Repairing8. Modifying9. Osteoclast10. Haversian canals11. osteoblast

12. Slows13. Calcium14. Leafy15. Rickets16. Osteomalacia17. Bone18. Adjust19. Stress20. Ossification21. Sternum22. 25

23. Fracture24. Cleanly25. Greenstick26. Twisted27. Shattered28. Fractures29. Skin30. Compound31. Hematoma32. Osteoblast33. Reconstruct34. strength