Lesson 7.2 Appendicular skeleton

Consist of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and their girdles

Girdles – bones where the limbs attach to the body

There are two girdles:PectoralPelvic

BONES OF THE Upper LIMBS AND Pect0ral GIRDLE

Pectoral girdle – where the upper limbs attach

Includes the:

1) Clavicle (collar bone)Which attaches to the top of

the sternum.

Clavicle

BONES OF THE Upper LIMB AND Pect0ral GIRDLEPectoral girdle – where the upper limbs attach Includes the:

1) Clavicle (collar bone) AND

2) Scapula (shoulder blade)attaches to axis by ligaments and muscles which allows the shoulder joint to have the largest range of motion.

braced by the clavicle

Scapula

Bones of upper Appendage

1. Humerus - largest bone of arm and attaches to the scapula at the shoulder joint

Humerus

Bones of upper Appendage

1. Humerus

2. Ulna one of two bones of the

forearm bone on the side that has

the pinkie (little finger) (UP)

attached to humerus by a hinge joint

Ulna

Bones of upper Appendage

1. Humerus 2. Ulna

3. Radius Second bone of the forearmOn the same side as the thumb

Rotates around the ulna to twist the forearm

Radius

Bones of the Hand

Wrist

1) Carpals – 8 bones that make up the wrist

• The articulations of the carpal bones allow the wrist to bend and twist. Pretty good range of motion.

Carpels

Bones of the Hand

Wrist(1)Carpals

(2) Metacarpals - branch out from the carpals composing the main part of the hand.

Metacarpels

Carpels

Bones of the Hand

Wrist(1) Carpals (2) Metacarpals

(3) Phalanges 14 of theseform the fingers and thumbs

Fingers have three phalanges

Thumb has only two phalanges

Phalanges

MetacarpelsCarpels

Bones of the Hand

BONES OF THE LOWER LIMB AND PELVIC GIRDLE

BONES OF THE LOWER LIMB AND PELVIC GIRDLE

Pelvic Girdle – where the lower limbs attach to the axial skeleton.

The 2 large pelvic bones that attach to the sacrum (vertebral column) make up the pelvic girdle.

Pelvicbone

Bones of the lower limb (appendage):

Femur attaches to the pelvic

girdle at the hiplargest and strongest bone of

the bodythe upper leg

Femur

Bones of the lower limb (appendage):Femur

Bones of the lower leg:

Two bones make up the lower leg:

1) Tibiaolarger of twooextends from knee joint to

the ankle joint

Tibia

Bones of the lower limb (appendage):Femur

Bones of the lower leg:

Two bones make up the lower leg:1) Tibia

2)Fibula Thinner than tibiaTell a little fibAttaches to the tibiaDoes not rotate like the radius of arm

Fibula

Bones of the lower limb (appendage):Femur

Bones of the lower leg:

Two bones make up the lower leg:1) Tibia 2) Fibula

Patella – knee cap•found in front of the knee•brace for tendons that

straighten leg•shields the knee joint

from injury

Bones of the Foot

Bones of the foot:

1) Tarsals7 tarsal bones make up the ankle

Allows foot to rotateTalus is largest of tarsal bones – attaches directly to tibia and fibula

Tarsals

Bones of the Foot

Bones of the foot:1) Tarsals

2) Calcaneus – heel bone

calcaneus

Bones of the foot:1) Tarsals2) Calcaneus

3) Metatarsals•in front of tarsals•five of them•make framework of instep and ball of foot•arranged in curved arches

Metatarsals

Tarsals

Bones of the Foot

Bones of the foot:1) Tarsals2) Clcaneus 3) Metatarsals

4) Phalangesattach to metatarsalsfive of themMade of three bones each

except for big toe is only 2 like in hands

Phalanges

Metatarsals

Tarsals

Bones of the Foot

THE FOOT IS A MIRACULOUS DESIGN:

supports the body on a small arches allowing it to move and be balanced!!!!!