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Biomechanics & Artificial Organs
Jung Chan Lee, Ph.D
Associate Professor Dept. of Biomedical Engineering
Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Hospital
Biomechanics
• Major Topics in Biomechanics
– Mechanics of Biological Tissue
• Hard tissue
• Soft tissue (blood vessels, muscle)
– Cardiovascular Mechanics
• Cardiac mechanics
• Biomechanic fluidics
• Blood cell mechanics and deformation
– Joint Mechanism
• Surface motion
• Joint lubrication
• Head/neck mechanism
– Rehabilitation Biomechanics, Gait Analysis
– Exercise Physiology, Sport Biomechanics
– Industrial(Occupational) Biomechanics, Injury, Ergonomics
Tissue mechanics
• Hard Tissue
• Microstructure of hart tissue
• Soft Tissue
• Elastogram
– Tumor or cancerous tissue is stiffer than normal soft tissue
– When mechanical compression or vibration applied, tumor deforms less than surrounding normal tissue
• strain of tumor < strain of normal tissue
– Ultrasound Elastogram
• Low-frequency surface vibration
• Quasi-static surface displacement elastography
• Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging
• Radiation force induction of shear waves
• Vibro-acoustography
• MR Elastogram
– Acoustic driver pumps air into a pneumatic device strapped onto the patient
Cardiovascular mechanics
• Patient-specific cardiovascular model
– CT/MR 3D Model CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)
Blood cell mechanics
Joint Mechanism
• Anatomical characteristics
• Biomechanics of High Heels
• Joint Replacement : Hip Joint
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Pedicle screw
Rehabilitation / Gait Analysis
Thin line : right Thick line : left Gray : normal
Sport Mechanics
Industrial biomechanics
Animal Biomechanics
인공장기의 종류
Musculoskeletal system Bone substitutes, Plates, Artificial Joints/cartilage Artificial Arms, Artificial Legs, Artificial muscle, Functional Electrical Stimulation
Integumentary system Artificial Skin, Artificial Breast
Circulatory system Artificial Heart, Medical Pumps, Artificial Heart Valve, Artificial Blood Vessel, Pacemaker, Artificial Blood
Nervous system Cochlear Implant, Artificial Retina, Neural Prosthesis
Respiratory system Artificial Lung, ECMO, Heart-Lung Machine
Digestive system Artificial Liver, Stoma
Excretory system Artificial Kidney, Artificial Bladder
Endocrine system Artificial Pancreas, Drug delivery devices
Reproductive system Penile Prosthesis
Lymphatic/Immune system
Artificial Cells
인공골
• Materials for Artificial Bone
– Xeno-transplant
– Ceramics (hydroxyapatite, polyphosphate)
– Metal Alloys (titanium)
– Polymer (PEEK)
Bone Cement
PolyBone® (Polyphosphate)
Bone Chip
Musculoskeletal system
인공추간판/추간체
Spinal Cage : 유합보형재
Artificial Disk
Musculoskeletal system
인공관절 Musculoskeletal system
인공사지(四肢) Musculoskeletal system
Oscar Pistorius holds the record on 100 m (10.91 sec), 200 m (21.58 sec) and 400 m (46.25 sec) with his own artificial legs, Flex-Foot®.
인공근육
Ionic polymer metal composites
Musculoskeletal system
Motorized Exoskeleton Musculoskeletal system
기능성 전기자극 시스템 (Functional Electrical Stimulation)
First-generation implantable FES system for upper limbs (reprinted with permission from Keith MW, Peckham PH, Thrope GB et al. (1988). Functional neuromuscular stimulation, Neuroprosthesis for the tetraplegic hand. Clin Orthopaedics 233: 25–33).
Musculoskeletal system
인공피부 Integumentary system
유방보형물(Breast Implant) Integumentary system
인공판막
Circulatory system
인조혈관 Circulatory system
Circulatory system
인공심장과 혈액펌프
• Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)
HeartMate®, Thoratec Inc., USA
인공심장과 혈액펌프
• Total Artificial Heart (TAH)
AbioCor®, Abiomed Inc., USA
Circulatory system
인공와우(Cochlear Implant) Nervous system
인공망막(Artificial Retina)
Microelectrode array, Telemetry (signal & power), Signal Processing,
Nervous system
Neural Prosthesis (인공신경전달/감각)
CBS 60 minutes- Brain Power
2.2 mm
Silicone
encapsulation
Microelectrode array, Amplifier, Signal Processing
Nervous system
인공 폐 Respiratory system
Implantable Artificial Lung : MC3 BioLung®
Extracoporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) : Blood Pump + Oxygenator
인공 간
Digestive system
Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System, MARS®, Gambro Prometheus®, Fresenius
Artificial Opening (Stoma) Digestive system
인공신장
• Hemodialysis(혈액투석)
Excretory system
Hollow fiber Semi-permeable membrane
인공신장
• Wearable Artificial Kidney
Excretory system
Davenport, Lancet 2007; 370: 2005–10
Artificial bladder being developed by James J. Yoo M.D., Ph.D. at the Department of Urology at Harvard Medical School.
인공방광 Excretory system
Penile Prosthesis Reproductive system
인공췌장
Physiological Control
Algorithm
Glucose Sensor Insulin Pump
Continuous Glucose Monitoring System(CGMS)
Insulin Pump with Embedded Control Algorithm
Endocrine system
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