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BiopesticidesforVegetableDiseases:Whatarethey
andhowwelldotheywork?
MegMcGrathCornellUniversity,SchoolofIntegrativePlantSciencesPlantPathologyandPlant-MicrobeBiologySectionLongIslandHorticulturalResearchandExtensionCenter
Riverhead,NYmtm3@cornell.edu
AmaraDunnCornellCooperativeExtension
Geneva,NYarc55@cornell.edu
NOFANYJanuary18,2019
CornellandCornellCooperativeExtensionprovideequalprogramandemploymentopportunities.
Areyouusingbiopesticides?Actinovate GreenCure Oxidate 2 SoilGardBio-Tam Kaligreen Prestop SonataBotector LifeGard Prevont StargusBotryStop M-Pede Procidic TaegroCease Majestene Regalia ThymeGuardCompanion MeloCon Rootshield Timorex GoldContans Milstop Serenade TrilogyorotherDoubleNickel Mycostop Serifel NeemOilEF400 Oso Sil-Matrix Zonix
Copper Mineraloil(JMSStyletOil,Tritek) Sulfur
Whatyoucanexpecttoday
• Understanding‘bio-’terms
• Whatbiopesticidesareavailable?
• Whyusebiopesticides?
• Howdobiopesticideswork?
• Maximizingsuccesswithbiopesticides
Whatyoucanexpecttoday
• Understanding‘bio-’terms
• Whatbiopesticidesareavailable?
• Whyusebiopesticides?
• Howdobiopesticideswork?
• Maximizingsuccesswithbiopesticides
Controlpests Microbes
(bacteria,fungi,viruses)
Insects(andlook-alikes)
Nematodes(tinyworms)
Biopesticides– regulatedaspesticides…andalso:• Plantextracts,pheromones
&othernaturally-occurringbiochemicals
• Plant-incorporatedprotectants(inGMOs)
Notregulatedaspesticides
Whatarebiopesticides?
BiofungicidesBioinsecticidesBioherbicides
BiopesticidePesticide
BiocontrolNematodesthateat
insectpests
Insectsthateatinsectpests
Biostimulant
Pests
Howarethesetermsrelated?
BiopesticidePesticide
Biocontrol
Biostimulant
PestsInclude:- Microorganisms- Plant,seaweed
extract- Organic
substances- Inorganic
substancesMaybe:1) Microbial2) Biochemical3) Plant-
incorporatedprotectants
Nematodesthateat
insectpests
Insectsthateatinsectpests
Thesearejustsomeofthepossibleconnections!
Whytermsmatter• Pesticidescontrolpests
– Ifgrowingcommercially,mustonlyuseproducts*registeredaspesticidestomanagepestsonproducethatissold
• Biostimulant≠biopesticide– Biostimulantsaretypicallynotregisteredaspesticidesandmaynotbeusedtocontrolpests
*Here,theterm“products”isnotmeanttoincludebeneficialinsectsandnematodes.Thesecanbeusedforpestcontrol,butarenotregulatedaspesticides.
Thelabelisstillthelaw!
Onemorething…
• Minimumriskpesticides– DefinedbyEPA– Alsosometimesreferredtoas25(b)products– Stillpesticides– Won’thavepesticidelabelsinNYSPAD
Moreinfoavailableat:nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/active-ingredients-eligible-minimum-risk-pesticide-use/
Exemptionstatementonlabel
Whatyoucanexpecttoday
• Understanding‘bio-’terms
• Whatbiopesticidesareavailable?
• Whyusebiopesticides?
• Howdobiopesticideswork?
• Maximizingsuccesswithbiopesticides
Biopesticides - Microbial(activeingredientismicrobe)
Listatblogs.cornell.edu/livegpath/organic/organic-management-of-vegetable-diseases/
Cease.1.34%Bacillussubtilis QST713strain.Greenhouseuse.SerenadeASO.1.34%Bacillussubtilis strainQST713.Companion.0.03%Bacillussubtilisstrain GB03.DoubleNickel55LC+WDG.Bacillusamyloliquefacinens strainD747.Serifel.9.9%Bacillusamyloliquefacinens strainMBI600.Stargus.96.4%Bacillusamyloliquefaciens strainF727.Taegro 2.13%Bacillussubtilisvar.amyloliquefaciens strainFZB24.Sonata.1.38%Bacilluspumilus strainQST2808.LifeGard WG.40%Bacillusmycoides isolateJ.BiologicalPlantActivator.
Foliage SoilBoth
Biopesticides – Microbial
Contans WG.5.3%Coniothyrium minitans strainCON/M/91-08.Majestene.94.5%heat-killedBurkholderia spp.strainA396cellsand
spentfermentationmedia.MeloCon WG.6%Paecilomyces lilacinus strainPL251.Actinovate AG.0.0371%Streptomyceslydicus strainWYEC108.Mycostop.30%Streptomycesgriseoviridis strainK61.Bio-Tam.2%Trichodermaasperellum strainICC012and2%Trichoderma
gamsii strainICC080.RootShield.1.15%Trichodermaharzianum RifaistrainKRL-AG2.RootShield Plus.1.15%Trichodermaharzianum RifaistrainT-22and
0.61%Trichodermavirens strainG-41.Prestop.32%Gliocladium catenulatum strainJ1446.SoilGard 12G.12%Gliocladium virens strainGL-21.
Contans WG.5.3%Coniothyrium minitans strainCON/M/91-08.Majestene.94.5%heat-killedBurkholderia spp.strainA396cellsand
spentfermentationmedia.MeloCon WG.6%Paecilomyces lilacinus strainPL251.Actinovate AG.0.0371%Streptomyceslydicus strainWYEC108.Mycostop.30%Streptomycesgriseoviridis strainK61.Bio-Tam.2%Trichoderma asperellum strainICC012and2%Trichoderma
gamsii strainICC080.RootShield.1.15%Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strainKRL-AG2.RootShield Plus.1.15%Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strainT-22and
0.61%Trichoderma virens strainG-41.Prestop.32%Gliocladium catenulatum strainJ1446.SoilGard 12G.12%Gliocladium virens strainGL-21.
Biopesticides – Microbial
Contans WG.5.3%Coniothyrium minitans strainCON/M/91-08.Majestene.94.5%heat-killedBurkholderia spp.strainA396cellsand
spentfermentationmedia.MeloCon WG.6%Paecilomyces lilacinus strainPL251.Actinovate AG.0.0371%Streptomyceslydicus strainWYEC108.Mycostop.30%Streptomycesgriseoviridis strainK61.Bio-Tam.2%Trichoderma asperellum strainICC012and2%Trichoderma
gamsii strainICC080.RootShield.1.15%Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strainKRL-AG2.RootShield Plus.1.15%Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strainT-22and
0.61%Trichoderma virens strainG-41.Prestop.32%Gliocladium catenulatum strainJ1446.SoilGard 12G.12%Gliocladium virens strainGL-21.
Biopesticides – MicrobialWHITEMOLD
NEMATODES
ROOTROTS
MicrobialBiopesticides
Majestene. Burkholderia spp. strain A396Heat-killed bacterial organism + spent fermentation
media that controls nematodes by contact and ingestion modes of action
MeloCon. Paecilomyces lilacinus strain PL251Living soil fungus that attacks (parasitizes) many
species of plant parasitic nematodes
BacStop.2%thyme,2%clove&cloveoil,1.5%cinnamon,1%peppermint&peppermintoil,and1%garlicoil.
MildewCure(formerlyGC-3Organicfungicide).30%cottonseedoil,30%cornoil,23%garlicextract.
Organocide.5%sesameoil.(noag label)
Promax.3.5%thymeoil.
Sporatec AG.18%rosemaryoil,10%cloveoil,and10%thymeoil.
ThymeGuard.23%thymeoilextract.
Timorex Gold.23.8%teatreeoil.
Trilogy.70%extractofneem oil.MostoftheseareexemptfromEPAregistration.
Biopesticides – Biochemical(naturallyoccurringsubstances)
Biopesticides – BiochemicalRegalia.5%ExtractofReynoutria sachalinensis.
Kaligreen,MilStop.EcoMate Armicarb O.82- 85%Potassiumbicarbonate.
M-Pede.49%Potassiumsaltsoffattyacids.
Oso.5%PolyoxinDzincsalt.
Sil-MATRIX.29%Potassiumsilicate.
OxiDate 2,Zerotol.27%hydrogendioxide.
TerraClean 5.27%hydrogendioxide+5%peroxyacetic acid.
KeyPlex 350OR.defensiveproteins(alpha-keto acids)andsecondaryandmicronutrients.
SafeStrike.Blendofnaturaloils,surfactants,vitamins,minerals,enzymes,antioxidants,andplanthormones.
Zonix biofungicide.8.5%Rhamnolipidbiosurfactant.
Oso.5%Polyoxin Dzincsalt.Actigard.Plantactivator.Phosphorousacidfungicides.
K-Phite.Mono-anddi-potassiumsaltsofphosphorousacid.Fosphite.Mono-anddi-potassiumsaltsofphosphorousacid.Fungi-Phite.Mono-anddi-potassiumsaltsofphosphorousacid.Rampart.Mono-anddi-potassiumsaltsofphosphorousacid.pHorsepHite.Monopotassiumphosphateandmonopotassium
phosphite.ProPhyt.Potassiumphosphite.Phostrol.Mono-anddibasicsodium,potassium,andammonium
phosphites.
Biopesticides NOTAcceptableforOrganicProduction
(syntheticsubstances)
OtherOrganicFungicides
Copper.SeveralproductsincludingPrevisto.5%copperhydroxide.
Sulfur.SeveralproductsincludingMicrothiol Disperss.80%sulfur.
JMSStylet-Oil.97.1%paraffinic(mineral)oil.Tritek (Saf-T-Side).80%petroleumoil.SuffOil-X.80%mineraloil.
Whatyoucanexpecttoday
• Understanding‘bio-’terms
• Whatbiopesticidesareavailable?
• Whyusebiopesticides?
• Howdobiopesticideswork?
• Maximizingsuccesswithbiopesticides
Whyusebiopesticides?
Whyusebiopesticides?
• Diseasecannotbeeffectivelymanagedwithculturalpracticesalone.
• Efficacy• Giveyoumoretoolsforpestmanagement• Alternativetocopper;reasonssought:
- Degradable;cannotpersistinenvironment;environmentallyresponsible
- ShortREI/PHI- Workersafety- Croppesticideresidues
MostCopper
Fungicides
48hrREI
Exceptions:Nordox (12hr),Cueva(4hr)
Whatyoucanexpecttoday
• Understanding‘bio-’terms
• Whatbiopesticidesareavailable?
• Whyusebiopesticides?
• Howdobiopesticideswork?
• Maximizingsuccesswithbiopesticides
Howbiopesticidescontrolplantdiseases
1. Eatpathogens2. Poisonpathogens3. Excludepathogens4. Induceresistancetopathogens5. Promotegrowth/stresstolerance
Biopesticidemodesofaction• Eat- consume/parasitizethepathogen
• Example:– Contans (Paraconiothyriumminitans strainCON/M/91-08)
– MeloCon (Paecilomyceslilacinus strain PL251)
– Etc.
• Poison- produce/containacompoundthatharmsthepathogen
• Examples:– Actinovate (StreptomyceslydicusWYEC108)
– Milstop (potassiumbicarbonate)
– Timorex Gold (teatreeoil)– Etc.
29
Biopesticidemodesofaction
• Excludepathogens- growingontheplant,leavingnoroom(ornutrients)forthepathogen
• Examples:– Actinovate (Streptomyces
lydicusWYEC108)– DoubleNickel(Bacillusamyloliquefaciens strainD747)
– Serifel (Bacillusamyloliquefaciens strainMBI600)
– Etc.
30
Biopesticidemodesofaction
• Induceresistance- “turnon”plants’naturaldefensessothey’rereadyforattack
• Examples:– LifeGard (BacillusmycoidesisolateJ)
– Regalia(giantknotweedextract)
– Taegro 2(Bacillussubtilisvar.amyloliquefaciens FZB24)
– Etc.
Biopesticidemodesofaction
• Promotegrowth/stresstolerance- healthierplantsaremoreresilienttodisease(andotherstresses)
• Examples:– RootShield (Trichodermaharzianum)
– Serenade(BacillussubtilisQST713)
– Sil-Matrix(potassiumsilicate)– Etc.
Biopesticidemodesofaction
Howbiostimulantswork:
• Improvesoilquality– Waterholding– Aeration– Structure– Promotehealthysoilmicrobepopulations
• Improveplantaccesstonutrients• Stimulateplantdefenses/stresstolerance• Improverootgrowth• Improveproductquality(e.g.,fruitquality)
33
Mustnotbeusedtocontrolpests!
Whatyoucanexpecttoday
• Understanding‘bio-’terms
• Whatbiopesticidesareavailable?
• Whyusebiopesticides?
• Howdobiopesticideswork?
• Maximizingsuccesswithbiopesticides
http://blogs.cornell.edu/livegpath
blogs.cornell.edu/livegpath/organic/organic-management-of-vegetable-diseases/
blogs.cornell.edu/livegpath/organic/organic-management-of-vegetable-diseases/
blogs.cornell.edu/livegpath/organic/organic-management-of-vegetable-diseases/
blogs.cornell.edu/livegpath/organic/organic-management-of-vegetable-diseases/
SourcesofEfficacyData
OthergrowersManufacturerResearchers:PlantDiseaseManagementReportsIR-4Biopesticide ProgrameOrganic WebSiteResourceGuideforOrganicDiseaseandInsectManagement
ProductEvaluations
ProductEvaluations
EfficacyData- WhattolookforLaboratoryorfieldstudyReplicatedexperimentorobservationalInoculatedornaturalinfectionDiseasepressure;spreaderrowPreventiveoraftersymptomsseenComparisonsmeaningfulConventionalstandardMeancomparisonletters
ExampleEfficacyExperiment1Treatment SeverityNon-treated control 88 aBio A + Other B alt Other C 65 a
Bio = biopesticideOther = other organic or conventional fungicide
a) DoesBioA+OtherBaltOtherCcontroldisease?Why?b) WhatcanyouconcludeaboutefficacyofBioAalone?
ExampleEfficacyExperiment2Treatment Severity1-Non-treated control 88 a2-Bio A + Other B alt Other C 25 c3-Other D + Other B alt Other C 35 c4-Bio A 72 a5-Other B alt Other C 55 b
a) WhichtreatmentshouldyouuseforcomparisontoknowifBioAimprovesdiseasecontrolwhenusedwithotherorganicfungicides?Why?
b) DoesBioAimprovecontrol?Why?c) WouldyourecommendBioAtoafriend?Howandwhy?
blogs.cornell.edu/livegpath/organic/organic-management-of-vegetable-diseases/
blogs.cornell.edu/livegpath/organic/organic-management-of-vegetable-diseases/
CucurbitPowderyMildew– OrganicFungicidesActinovateCompanionDoubleNickelLifeGardSerenadeSerifelSonataTaegro 2
Activeingredient:MicrobialNaturalsubstanceNotbiopesticide
BacStopEF400KaligreenM-PedeMildewCureMilStopOrganocideOxiDateProcidicRegaliaSil-MatrixSporatecTimorex GoldTrilogy
coppersulfurmineraloil
CucurbitDownyMildew– OrganicFungicidesActinovateDoubleNickelLifeGardSerenadeSonata
Activeingredient:MicrobialNaturalsubstanceNotbiopesticide
BacStopEF400MilStopOrganocideOxiDateRegaliaSporatecTimorex GoldTrilogyZonix
copper
CucurbitPowderyMildew– OrganicFungicidesActinovateCompanionDoubleNickelLifeGardSerenadeSonataTaegro 2
NodatafoundAlwaysEffectiveUsuallyEffectiveLessEffectiveIneffective
BacStopEF400KaligreenM-PedeMildewCureMilStopOrganocideOxiDateProcidicRegaliaSil-MatrixSporatecTimorex GoldTrilogy
coppersulfur- bestmineraloil
CucurbitDownyMildew– OrganicFungicidesActinovateCompanion*DoubleNickelLifeGardSerenadeSonataTaegro *
BacStopEF400MilStopOrganocideOxiDateRegaliaSil-Matrix*SporatecTimorex GoldTrilogyNeem oil
Zonix
copper
*Notlabeledfordownymildew
NodatafoundAlwaysEffectiveUsuallyEffectiveLessEffectiveIneffective
Biopesticides - MaximizingSuccessPlantdiseasescanbedifficulttomanage,especiallywhenconditionsare
favorable.Obtaininformationonpastperformance.Mosteffectiveforpowderymildews.Biopesticides donothavecurativeactivity.Besttousepreventivesprayprogramespeciallywithproductsthat
induceresistance(LifeGard,Regalia).Maximizecoverageonleafunderside.
Mosthavecontactactivity.Useshortsprayinterval.Noteexpirationdate+beststorageconditions.Integratedprogramoftenbetter.Otherbiopesticides,otherorganic
fungicides,+culturalpractices.
58https://www.bioworksinc.com/products/shared/botanigard-es-tank-mix-compatibility.pdf
CheckCompatibility! Additionalsourcesforcompatibilityinformationonyourhandoutfrom:• BASF• Biobest• Koppert
Storagematters
59
SomeshelflifeinfofromUConn:http://ipm.uconn.edu/documents/view.php?id=1106
Questions?…andwatchoutforSpottedlanternfly!
Reportto:• spottedlanternfly@dec.ny.gov• iMapInvasives
Oldereggmasses (photobyEmelieSwackhamer,PennStateUniversity)
Learnmoreat:https://nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/invasive-species-exotic-pests/spotted-lanternfly/
Recentlycoveredeggmasses(photobyNYSIPM)
Spottedlanternflyadults(photosbyNYSIPM)
Spottedlanternflynymphs(photosbyL.Barringer,PADept Ag,Bugwood)
youngnymph Oldernymph
Thefollowingweredistributedashandouts:
BiopesticidePesticide
BiocontrolNematodesthateat
insectpests
Insectsthateatinsectpests
Biostimulant
Pests
Howarethesetermsrelated?
• Biocontrol:usingbeneficialorganismstoreducepopulationsofpestorganisms
• Pesticide:“substanceormixtureofsubstancesusedtokillpestsorpreventorreducedamagefrompests”(CornellPesticideManagementEducationProgram)
• Biostimulant:“asubstanceormicro-organismthat,whenappliedtoseeds,plants,ortherhizosphere,stimulatesnaturalprocessestoenhanceorbenefitnutrientuptake,nutrientefficiency,tolerancetoabioticstress,orcropquality”(AgricultureImprovementActof2018,aka2018FarmBill)
• Biopesticide:“certaintypesofpesticidesderivedfromsuchnaturalmaterialsasanimals,plants,bacteria,andcertainminerals”(EPA)– Microbial – activeingredientismicroorganism(fungi,bacteria,viruses,
protozoa);livingorganism,ororganismbyproduct– Biochemical – substancesthatoccurinnatureandcontrolpests;
includeplantextracts&chemicals– Plant-incorporatedprotectants – genesandproteinsproducedin
geneticallyengineeredplants
• Biofungicide:abiopesticidethatcontrolsfungal(orwatermold)diseases
(Iwouldprintthisonthebackofslide4tohelpaudiencewithactivity)
Question1.Attherightaresomeresultsfromahypotheticaltrialtestingtheefficacyofasprayprogramtocontroldisease.a)Canyouconcludefromtheseresultsthatwhenthebiopesticide‘BioA’isappliedwithorganicfungicide‘OtherB’,andthismixtureisrotatedwiththeorganicfungicide‘OtherC’,thistreatmenteffectivelycontrolsthedisease?Whyorwhynot?b)CanyouconcludeanythingabouttheefficacyofthebiopesticideBioA,whenusedalone?Question2.Attherightareresultsfromanothertrialtestingdifferentproductsfordiseasecontrol.Asabove,BioAisbiopesticide,andOtherB-Dareotherorganicfungicides.a)IfyouwanttoknowwhetherBioAimprovesdiseasecontrolwhenusedwithotherorganicfungicides,whichtreatment(s)shouldyoucompareitto?Why?b)DoesBioAimprovediseasecontrolcomparedtousingonlyorganicfungicidesOtherBandOtherC?Whyorwhynot?c)Basedontheseresults,wouldyourecommendtoafriendthatheorsheusethebiopesticideBioA?Ifso,how?Ifnot,why?
Useful websites about biopesticides Compatibility resources for biocontrols • Koppert provides a database where you can search for compatibility information for their
products: www.koppert.com/side-effects/ • BioWorks “compatibility sheets” are available from each product page
(www.bioworksinc.com/ ) and a table summarizing shelf life at different temperatures is also available (www.bioworksinc.com/products/shared/product-shelf-life.pdf ).
• Biobest provides pesticide compatibility information for insect, mite and nematode biocontrol organisms (not disease biocontrol) - www.biobestgroup.com/en/side-effect-manual. If you are releasing or conserving biological control insects or mites, check that the biopesticide you are planning to use is compatible with them.
• BASF provides information on compatibility of their beneficial nematodes with pesticides - betterplants.basf.us/content/dam/cxm/agriculture/better-plants/united-states/english/products/nemasys-beneficial-nematodes/nemasys-chemical-compatibility-guide.pdf.
Efficacy of biological products • Meg McGrath (Plant Pathology & Plant Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant
Science, Cornell University) has summarized efficacy of biopesticides and organic products on vegetable and herb crops: http://blogs.cornell.edu/livegpath/organic/organic-management-of-vegetable-diseases/. Also at this site she has a general list of biopesticides registered in NY plus lists for select crops and the labeled diseases.
• Resources from the New York State Integrated Pest Management Program on organic pest management, including efficacy data of some biocontrols and other useful information: nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/organic-ipm
• The NYS IPM program (and collaborators) summarized what is known about minimum risk pesticides (a.k.a. 25(b) products), including how they work, their risks, and their efficacy. nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/active-ingredients-eligible-minimum-risk-pesticide-use/
• Amara Dunn (New York State Integrated Pest Management Program) summarized efficacy data for biopesticides on greenhouse, nursery, and ornamental crops. A few other products are included (e.g., some that are exempt from EPA registration). This is not an exhaustive summary of all university-based trials, and new information may be added over time. It is formatted as a spreadsheet so that you can sort the information by product, active ingredient, disease, etc. nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/biocontrol/biocontrol-resources (under “Related Links” on right of page)
Explanation of terms: biocontrol, biopesticide, biostimulant blogs.cornell.edu/biocontrolbytes/2018/02/28/biocontrols-biopesticides-biostimulants-oh-my/
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