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The Byzantine Empire
OBJECTIVES: Discover how Constantinople became so
powerful Discover the achievements of the age of
Justinian
Byzantine Empire (Constantine) Greek Fire Why Constantinople was located where it
was (trade center) Constantine's capital Good Emperors account for some of the
success Medieval times (period of time following
the fall of the western half of the Roman empire, 476 A.D. to about 1500 A.D.)
Age of Justinian
As Rome fell, Constantinople got stronger
In a line of many great rulers, Justinian was one of the greatest
Born poor, it gave him the ability to listen to all people
Justinian’s code (fixed the contradictory Roman laws)
Byzantine Culture
Kept copies of all ancient Greek and Roman works, mixed with Christian ideas it made Constantinople a very knowledge rich area
When the empire declined the documents were taken to Italy and helped start the renaissance
Why would they take them to Italy?
The later Years of the Empire The Great Schism (split) (due to an argument
between Rome’s Pope and the Emperor of Constantinople)
Greek (eastern orthodox) Christians and Roman Catholic Christians
Second Golden age The fall (Attacks from the North “Russians” the
West “Christian Crusaders” and the East “Turks and Muslims”)
Constantinople fell and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire (Name changed to Istanbul)
Start of Islam
The Prophet Muhammad Messenger to the people Started in the Arabian Peninsula Taught to worship 1 God (Poly or Mono?) After Muhammad’s death the religion
spread
Muhammad
Travelling Merchant trader Went to the mountains to pray alone At age 40 God spoke to him through an
angel Followers of Muhammad became known
as Muslims Muslims religion or a person who
“submits” became known as a member of Islam
People go to the Mecca to pray to Kaaba
Hijra
Hijra means “the migration” The city of Yathrib changed to Medina
“city of the prophet” in 622 Became year 1 on the Muslim calendar
Muslim Beliefs
Muezzin (myoo ez in) Pray 5 times a day to Allah Mosque There is only one God They kneel and face toward the Mecca
The Quran
Islamic Bible Lists Muhammad’s conversations with
God Includes stories, promises, warnings, and
instructions They show respect to Jews and
Christians as “people of the book”
Role of Women
Before Islam Quran Taught:
Women are spiritually equal Women could own or inherit property Women could be educated Women would not be forced to marry Women could divorce
Muslim Split
The Muslim leader Uthman was assassinated and a debate over who would lead ensued
2 new groups Shiites- felt the new leader should be a
direct descendent of Muhammad Sunnis- any truly religious man who
followed Muhammad could be the leader (85% of Muslims are Sunnis)
USING YOUR NOTES….
1- What geographic feature covers most of the Arabian Peninsula?
2- How did geography (the lay of the land) effect settlement?
3-Why were the Bedouins nomads? 4-What was the main event in
Muhammad's life?
Muslim Civilization
Objectives: How did Islam Spread? What was the Golden Age of Islam under
the rule of the caliphs Learn about the Ottoman Empire
Omar Khayyam
Persia was a center for math, science, and poetry
Omar- most famous mathematician in the world at that time, as well as a leading astronomer
Omar’s time was considered the golden age of the Muslim civilization….why?
The Spread of Islam
Within 150 years after Muhammad's death, Islam spread into Africa, Spain, Persia, and Northern India and China
Arab merchants (travel) Military conquests Spread halted when European forces cut
them off in Spain
Reasons for Success
During Muhammad's time the surrounding empires were to strong
After Muhammad the Byzantine and Persian empires were to weak to stop the Muslim expansion
Golden Age
800-1100 Reason for the Golden Age
Caliphs (good leadership) Conquered and Controlled land though
trade Strong military Location of the capital
Major Achievements
Math- advanced arithmetic, invented algebra
Medical- organized multiple theories of medicine into one book called Canon of Medicine
Literature- poetry and writing were very important, many works are around even today
Sufis- Muslim who believed they drew close to God through prayer and fasting
The Ottoman Empire
As the Caliphs declined other groups gained power
The Ottoman (Muslim Turks and Mongols) took over Baghdad and then conquered what was left of the Byzantines at Constantinople as well as Greece.
Sultan- Ottoman ruler Jews and Christians lived under Ottoman
rule and were allowed to practice their religion freely
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