Celeste\'s Biology PowerPoint Presentation

Cell Membranes from Opposing Neurons

What is Cell Membrane?

Both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic contain the cell membrane

Which Cell Type Contains the Cell Membrane?

Prokaryotic cells have a simple internal structure and no true Nucleus.

The DNA is found in a region of the Cytoplasm called the Nucleoid.

Prokaryotic Bacteria Shell

In Prokaryotic cells the Plasma Membrane surrounds

the cell’s Cytoplasm and regulates the flow of

substances in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cells

Plant CellAnimal Cell

Eukaryotic cells have a more complex internal structure to the

prokaryotic cells with many membrane –bound organelles and a

membrane-bound nucleus.

In Eukaryotic cells, the Plasma Membrane surrounds the cell enclosing the cells organelles.

The Functions

The Cell Membrane is a barrier that separates the

intracellular components from the extracellular

environment. Cell Membrane can attach the cell to

the extracellular matrix so cells can combine together

to form tissues. Cell Membrane is semi permeable and

controls the substances that go in and out. Many

proteins are embedded within the membrane, these

proteins have evolved to cope with the problem of

exchanging substances and communicating with the

external environment.

Size

• The thickness of a Cell Membrane ranges from 6-10nm

because of the composition of the membrane which varies cell

to cell. If cells experience colder temperatures than it usually

does the Cell Membrane becomes thicker.

10 x 10^7= 100,000,000nm

How would you calculate the number of

nanometres in 10 cm?

Phospholipids

Proteins

Carbohydrates

COMPOSITION

The Plasma membrane and all membrane

surrounding organelles within the cell are made up

of a double layer called the Phospholipid bilayer.

Phospholipids are different to the common lipid

triglyceride because one of the fatty acids are

replaced with a phosphate group causing one end of

the molecule to be (lipid tail) hydrophobic and the

other hydrophilic (lipid head).

Another lipid called cholesterol is combined with the

Phospholipid molecules and is responsible for the

flexibility of the cell membrane since cholesterol

prevent the lipid tails from forming strong bonds

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

A variety of proteins are embedded within the membrane either resting on the

membrane or penetrating throughout the whole membrane. Protein does a

number of jobs, some of the proteins found within the bilayer allowing

substances to transport across it, both into and out of the cell. protein

molecules also have the ability to receive signals from other cells or from the

extracellular environment and convert the signals to messages for the

organelles inside the cell.

PROTEINS

Carbohydrates are found on the external surface of all eukaryotic cells.

Proteins with carbohydrates attached are called glycoprotein, while

phospholipids with carbohydrates attached are called glycolipids. These

functions in; cell recognition, the ability to distinguish and recognise cells.

CARBOHYDRATES

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