CELLULAR RESPIRATION chapter 9

CELLULAR RESPIRATIONCHAPTER 9

SC B-3.2 Summarize the basic aerobic & anaerobic processes of cellular respiration & interpret the equation

Chapter 9 Section 1 Essential Question: How would you distinguish the

two main types of fermentation?

CELLULAR RESPIRATION IS THE PROCESS THAT RELEASES

ENERGY BY BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN

Cellular Respiration Equation

CELLULAR RESPIRATION: 3 PARTS IN CYTOPLASM (ANAEROBIC)

GLYCOLYSIS (FERMENTATION in absence of oxygen)

IN MITOCHONDRIA (AEROBIC) KREBS CYCLE (aka CITRIC ACID CYCLE) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN &

CHEMIOSMOSIS

GLYCOLYSIS GLUCOSE ENTERS

CELL VIA FACILITATED DIFFUSION

performed by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

GLUC GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE 2 PYRUVATE

(3-carbon molecule)

COSTS THE CELL 2 ATP BUT MAKES 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)

2 NAD+ 2 NADH

GLYCOLYSIS

GLYCOLYSIS WHAT IT NEEDS:

GLUCOSE 2 ATP 4 ADP + 4 P 2NAD+

WHAT IT MAKES: 2- PYRUVATES 2 ADP + 2 P 4 ATP 2 NADH

FERMENTATION ANAEROBIC IN CYTOPLASM NADH NAD+

(which is used again in glycolysis)

2 TYPES: ALCOHOLIC

YEAST BACTERIA

LACTIC ACID ANIMAL MUSCLE

FIBERS

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

Chapter 9 Section 2:Aerobic Respiration

Essential Question” How is energy transferred

through the various stages of aerobic cellular respiration?

Structure of Mitochondria

Mitochondrial Structure

KREBS CYCLE: occurs in matrix 2 PYRUVATE

ENTER MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX

6 CO2 CITRIC ACID 1ST

CPD FORMED HENCE aka CITRIC ACID CYCLE

KREBS CYCLE PRODUCTS: 8 NAD+ 8 NADH 2 FAD+ 2 FADH2 2 ATP 6 CO2

FOR EACH MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE: know what comes out the Krebs Cycle

Krebs Cycle has many reactions (you do not need to know them) that releases the carbons from pyruvate as CO2 and transfers electrons & H+ to NAD+ and FAD NADH & FADH2

What are NADH & FADH2 ? they are very similar to NADPH

in photosynthesis They carry electrons from

Kreb’sCycle to electron transport chain (that’sall you need to know about them)

From the Krebs Cycle, NADH & FADH2 move to the inner membrane of the mitochondria (called the cristae) and transfer the electrons they are carrying to the electron transport chain in the cristae.

As the electrons move down the chain they lose energy some of which is used to move H+ from the matrix to the intermembrane space

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN - 1 Electron transport chain activities aka

oxidative phosphorylation hi energy e- move thru a series of e-

carrier molecules in the cristae energy from 2 e- transported down the

electron transport chain moves H+ across the membrane into the intermembrane space (aka the outer membrane space)

Inner compartment = matrixouter compartment = intermembrane space (space between outer membrane of mitochondria and inner membrane or cristae

Another look @ electron transport chain

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN - 2 Chemiosmosis:

process in which the energy generated by oxidative phosphorylation generates a proton gradient across the cristae that drives the enzymatic synthesis of ATP

The cristae contain proteins called ATP SYNTHASE which act as a H+ CHANNEL PROTEIN (proton pump) & as an enzyme,

ATP SYNTHASE

Role of O2

At the end of the e- transport chain O2 picks up the e- and combines with H+ to form H2O

Animations of cellular respiration http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/

http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/etc/index.htm

http://www.wwnorton.com/college/biology/discoverbio4/animations/main.aspx?chno=ch08p02a

http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/bio_animations/MH01_CellularRespiration_Web/index.html

Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

captures energy from the Sun

occurs in chloroplast reactants: 6CO2 + 6H2O +

light products: C6H12O6 + 6O2

releases energy from food

occurs in mitochondrion

reactants: C6H12O6 + 6O2 products: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36

ATP

PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION

ANIMATIONS! http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/images/

anim/ATPmito.html

http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/

http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitochondrion.html

More Animations! (chapter review)

http://www.wwnorton.com/college/biology/discoverbio4/animations/main.aspx?chno=ch08p02a

http://www.wwnorton.com/college/biology/discoverbio4/animations/main.aspx?chno=ch08p02b

http://www.wwnorton.com/college/biology/discoverbio4/animations/main.aspx?chno=ch08p02c

http://www.wwnorton.com/college/biology/discoverbio4/animations/main.aspx?chno=ch08p02d