Ceramah&Bengkel Menjawab Soalan Science Process Skills

Contoh 1: Daripada Gambarajah

Malar:

Isipadu bubur nutrien

Manipulasi:

Suhu

Gerakbalas:

Keadaan bubur Nutrien

TEKNIK MENJAWAB SOALAN SAINS SPM

BEDIE MANUELSMK KENINGAU

Study hard

You could be …

You could be….

Ini boleh dapat

Yang ini pun banyak

Topics in Form 4

1. Scientific Investigation (No Question)

2. Body Coordination3. Heredity and Variation4. Matter and Substances5. Energy and Chemical

Changes 6. Nuclear Energy 7. Light, Colour and Sight 8. Chemicals In Industry

Topics in Form 51. Micro organisms and their effects on

living things2. Nutrition3. Preservation and Conservation of the

Environment 4. Carbon Compound5. Motion6. Food Technology and Production7. Synthetic Materials in Industry8. Electronic and ICT Systems

YEAR YEAR 20102010 20112011 20122012

TOPICS FORM 4TOPICS FORM 4 P 1P 1 PAPER 2PAPER 2 P1P1 PAPER 2PAPER 2 P1P1 PAPER 2PAPER 2

OO AA BB CC OO AA BB CC OO AA BB CC

SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION -- -- -- -- - - - - - - - -BODY COORDINATIONBODY COORDINATION 3 - 1 - 44 -- 11 -- 5 - 1 -HEREDITY AND VARIATIONHEREDITY AND VARIATION 5 1 - - 44 11 -- -- 4 - 1 -MATTER AND SUBSTANCEMATTER AND SUBSTANCE 5 - 1 - 44 -- -- -- 4 - - 1ENERGY AND CHEMICAL CHANGESENERGY AND CHEMICAL CHANGES 2 - - 1 33 11 -- -- 4 1 - -

NUCLEAR ENERGYNUCLEAR ENERGY 3 - - - 33 -- 11 -- 3 - 1 -LIGHT, COLOUR AND SIGHTLIGHT, COLOUR AND SIGHT 4 - 1 - 33 -- -- 11 3 1 - -CHEMICALS IN INDUSTRYCHEMICALS IN INDUSTRY 2 1 - - 33 -- -- -- 3 - - -

YEARYEAR 20102010 20112011 20122012

TOPICS FORM 5TOPICS FORM 5 P1P1 PAPER 2PAPER 2 P1P1 PAPER 2PAPER 2 P1P1 PAPER 2PAPER 2

OO AA BB CC OO AA BB CC OO AA BB CCMICROORGNISM AND THEIR EFFECTS MICROORGNISM AND THEIR EFFECTS ON LIVING THINGSON LIVING THINGS

3 - - 1 33 11 -- -- 3 - 1

NUTRITION AND FOOD PRODUCTIONNUTRITION AND FOOD PRODUCTION 3 - - 1 33 - - 11 3 1 - -

PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION OF LIFEOF LIFE

4 - 1 - 33 - 11 3 - - -

CARBON COMPOUNDCARBON COMPOUND 4 - - - 55 - - 11 3 - 1 -

MOTIONMOTION 4 2 - - 44 11 - - 5 1 - -

FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCTIONFOOD TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCTION 4 - - - 33 - 11 - 2 - - 1

SYNTHETIC MATERIALS IN INDUSTRYSYNTHETIC MATERIALS IN INDUSTRY 2 - 1 33 - 11 - 3 - - -

ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

2 - - - 22 - - - 3 - 1 -

SPM 2013?

Ramalan 2013?

Sukar untuk diramal…My advise… kuasai semua topik buat ulangkaji untuk topik-topik ting 4

• KERTAS 1 – SOALAN OBJEKTIF50 SOALAN1 JAM 15 MINIT

• KERTAS 2 – SOALAN BERSTRUKTUR DAN ESEI

12 SOALAN2 JAM 30 MINIT

FORMAT PEPERIKSAAN SAINS

KERTAS 1 - 1511/1

STRATEGI1. Murid mesti mencari / menyediakan /

mengumpul set-set soalan objektif berbentuk topikal.

2. Laksanakan kaedah “test and retest” sehingga memperolehi 85 % betul dari setiap set topikal.

3. Latih menjawab setiap satu soalan objektif dalam masa 1 minit 30 saat.

4. Latih menjawab soalan yang sukar menggunakan “Teknik Singkir”

NOTA

• Cari jawapan paling salah dahulu.• Singkir jawapan itu (tinggal 3 pilihan)• Singkir jawapan yang dikira salah satu lagi

(tinggal dua pilihan)• Cuba singkir satu lagi jawapan yang dikira

salah (tinggal satu jawapan sahaja – itulah jawapannya.

• Pelajar mesti belajar kaedah membuat singkiran paling baik.

Teknik SingkirTeknik Singkir

Soalan: Antara berikut yang manakah fungsi hormon

yang dirembaskan oleh kelenjar adrenal ?

A Mengawal atur kitar haidB Merangsang penghasilan spermaC Menambah kadar denyutan jantungD Mengawal aras glukosa dalam darah

1511/1 – contoh 1Rajah menunjukkan proses pembentukan zigotRajah menunjukkan proses pembentukan zigot

Namakan proses WNamakan proses WAA MitosisMitosisBB MeiosisMeiosisCC Pindah silangPindah silangDD PersenyawaanPersenyawaan 3.3/PSNA010102/R3.3/PSNA010102/R

-pengetahuan perkara -pengetahuan perkara khususkhusus

W

Sperma Ovum

Zigot

1511/1 - Contoh 2Rajah menunjukkan proses persenyawaan manusia.

Berapakah jumlah kromosom dalam R

A 23B 32C 46D 64 3.3/KSNA010101/R

- pemahaman

R

1511/1 - Contoh 3Rajah menunjukkan satu proses pembiakan

Berapakah bilangan kromosombagi Q dan R jika sperma membawa 19 kromosom,

Q RA 19 38B 38 19C 19 19D 38 38 3.3/KSNA030102/R

- aplikasi pengetahuan

R

19

Q

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar mengenai meiosis?

A. Melibatkan semua jenis selB. Terlibat dalam pertumbuhanC. Bilangan kromosom menjadi

separuhD. Kandungan genetik sel anak

sama dengan sel induk

Daging yang disimpan dalam peti sejuk dapat dikekalkan kesegarannya kerana

A.Enzimnya telah dimusnahkanB.Mikroorganisma telah dibunuhC.Aktiviti mikroorganisma meningkatD.Kadar pertumbuhan mikroorganisma

diperlahankan

• Contoh soalan kertas 1 – Teknik singkir• Q1• Which substance can cause mutation ?• A Radioactive radiation• B Alcoholic drink• C Carbon dioxide• D Radio wave

• [ SPM 2010/ Knowledge ]

QUESTION 2

The following information shows the characteristics of an image formed by an object.

Virtual Upright Same size as object

What is the object ?A PrismB Concave lensC Lens of eyesD Plane mirror(SPM 2010 /Understanding )

QUESTION 3 A girl takes 20 seconds to run a distance of 100 metres.What

is her speed [ Speed = distance / Time ]

A 0.2 ms ¹ˉB 5 ms ¹ˉC 80 ms ¹ˉD 120 ms ¹ˉ

[ SPM 2008 / Application ]

KERTAS 2 - 1511/2Ujian Subjektif - 3 Bahagian.Bahagian A : 4 soalan (Kemahiran proses

sains)[20 markah]Bahagian B : 5 soalan (Pengetahuan/

Pemahaman) [30 markah]Bahagian C : No 10 (Mengeksperimen) -

10 m No11a/12a [Pemahaman - 04 m] N0 11b/ 12b [Kemahiran

Aplikasi -06 m] [20 markah]

SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL

QUESTION 1 - 4

11 Aspek Kemahiran Saintifik yang diuji

MemerhatiMengelasMengukur dan menggunakan nomborMembuat inferens MeramalBerkomunikasiMenggunakan perhubungan ruang dan

masaMentafsirkan dataMendefinisikan secara operasiMengawal pemboleh ubahMembuat hipotesis

OBSERVATION/MEMERHATI

• TIPS:– Perhati rajah yang diberi.– Cari keputusan/hasil daripada rajah– Buat perbandingan jika ada dua rajah– Catat apa yang dilihat sahaja

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan kesan ke atas plastisin apabila bongkah logam P dan bongkah logam Q dijatuhkan.

Tuliskan satu pemerhatian bagi hasil eksperimen ini.

……………………………………………………………

SKEMA JAWAPAN• Lekukan P lebih dalam berbanding lekukan

Q //Lekukan Q lebih cetek berbanding P

KESILAPAN JAWAPAN CALON KESAN LEKUKAN PADA PLASTISINMENGKAJI LEKUKAN PLASTISIN

Tuliskan satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen di atas. .................................................................................................................

..

SKEMA JAWAPAN

Gas yang dikumpulkan dalam buret X bagi Rajah 2(b) lebih banyak berbanding Rajah 2(a) //

Gas yang dikumpulkan dalam buret X bagi Rajah 2(a) kurang berbanding Rajah 2(b) //

Air yang tersesar daripada buret X pada Rajah 2(b) banyak berbanding Rajah 2(a)//

Air yang tersesar daripada buret X pada Rajah 2(a) kurang berbanding Rajah 2(b)

JAWAPAN CALON

KESAN ASID HIDROKLORIK PADA LOGAM LOGAM X LEBIH REAKTIF(inferens)

INFERENCE

TIPSMenyatakan sebab kepada pemerhatian

SPS - MAKING AN INFERENCE

SubstancesSubstances Boiling point/ Boiling point/ ooCC

Distilled waterDistilled water 100100

Distilled water Distilled water + salt+ salt

103103

(Able to use past experiences or previously collected to draw conclusions and explain event – giving reasons why such observation is obtained from the experiment )

Based on below result, state an inference of these experiment Suggested answer :

Salt increases the boiling point of distilled water...

SPS MEMBUAT Pemerhatian menbuat INFERENS

• Tuliskan bacaan voltmeter• Apakah inferens anda terhadap pesongan jarum voltmeter

Jawapan

• Arus elektrik terhasil dalam sel ringkas ini.

Beri satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen ini.Nyatakan satu inferens berdasarkan pemerhatian eksperimen.

Pemerhatian:

Inferens:

Beri satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen ini.Nyatakan satu inferens berdasarkan pemerhatian eksperimen.

Pemerhatian : Kawasan jernih di sekeliling antibiotik berkepekatan tinggi lebih luas.

Inferens : Antibiotik berkepekatan tinggi lebih berkesan / banyak membunuh bakteria.

Tuliskan satu inferen bagi pemerhatian eksperimen di atas. ...................................................................................................................

Jawapan

• Logam M lebih reaktif berbanding logam L• Logam M lebih reaktif• Logam L kurang reaktif

VARIABLES

TIPSJenis Pembolehubah:

Radas tidak dipertimbangkan sebagai pembolehubah dimalarkan

Cara Menulis Pembolehubah:– Mesti tulis parameter untuk setiap pembolehubah.

• Contoh 1:

Parameter + bahan

Panjang spring

Ketebalan spring

Jenis spring

Contoh 2

Parameter + bahan

Isipadu kultur bakteria

Pembolehubah boleh dikenalpasti daripada:

• Gambarajah dalam soalan• Jadual • Graf• Pernyataan Soalan

Contoh 1: Daripada Gambarajah

Malar:

Manipulasi:

Gerakbalas:

Contoh 1: Daripada Gambarajah

Malar:

Isipadu bubur nutrien

Manipulasi:

Suhu

Gerakbalas:

Keadaan bubur Nutrien

Contoh 2 : Daripada Jadual

(i) Pembolehubah Pembolehubah Dimanipulasikan Bergerak balas

Manipulated variable: ?Responding variable: ?

Contoh 3: Daripada Graf

RV

MV

Contoh 4: Daripada Pernyataan dalam soalanRajah (a) dan (b) menunjukkan eksperimen untuk membandingkan kecergasan tindak balas logam L dan logam M dengan asid hidroklorik cair

Langkah:

Isi penting daripada pernyataan

Sama beza keputusan

Asid hidroklorik cair Logam L dan logam M Kecergasan tindak balas

Pemboleh ubahdimalarkan

Pemboleh ubahdimanipulasikan

Pemboleh ubah Bergerak balas

Isipadu asid hidroklorik Kepekatan asid hidroklorik

Jenis logam Kecergasan

tindak balas logam

HYPOTHESIS

• (menghubungkait diantara pembolehubah dimanipulasi dan pembolehubah bergerakbalas )

HYPOTHESIS1. Tentukan pembolehubah yg dimanipulasi2. Tentukan pemboelhubah yg bergerakbalas

Untuk mengkaji kesan suhu terhadap pertumbuhan bakteriaPembolehubah Manipulasi : suhuPembolehubah Bergerakbalas : pertumbuhan bakteria

3. Gunakan kata penghubung yang sesuai 4. Ayat mestilah ayat lengkap 5. Boleh diuji dalam eksperimen

Hypothesis : Apabila suhu meningkat,maka, bilangan koloni pertumbuhan bakteria bertambah

SPECIFIC HYPOTHESIS

SPECIFICpH 7 adalah sangat sesuai untuk pertumbuhan

mikroorganisma

UMUM / GENERAL: -Tidak diterima Nilai pH memberi kesan terhadap pertumbuhan

mikroorganisma

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

Pembolehubah Manipulasi:Pembolehubah Bergerakbalas :

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.Cakera antibiotik yang berkepekatan tinggi akan membentuk kawasan jernih yang lebih luas/ besar

Pembolehubah Manipulasi: kepekatan antibiotikPembolehubah Bergerakbalas : luas kawasan jernih

Mengkaji kekonduksian elektrik bagi jenis bahan yang berbeza

Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai berdasarkan eksperimen di atas.

Jenis bahan Ammeter reading (A)

Plumbum 1.0

Sulphur 0.0

Plumbum (II) bromida

0.0

JAWAPAN CALON SPM Jenis bahan mempengaruhi bacaan

ammeter Bacaan ammeter bergantung kepada

jenis bahan Plumbum boleh memesongkan jarum

ammeter Plumbum boleh mengkonduksikan

elektrik Sulphur dan plumbun(ii) bromida tidak

mengkonduksikan elektrik

Mengkaji kesan pH terhadap pertumbuhan bakteria

Keadaan pH Bilangan koloni

acid 10

alkaline 15

neutral 30

Tuliskan satu hipotesis yang sesuai berdasarkan eksperimen di atas………………………………………………

Jawapan

• Keadaan neutral sangat sesuai untuk pertumbuhan bakteria

• Keadaan asid dan alkali tidak sesuai untuk pertumbuhan bakteria

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPACE & TIME

When the TIME (mv) …………………, the …………………(rv) will …………….

Time (minute)

0 5 10 15 20

Temperature (°C)

0 30 60 100 100

Write a relationship between the temperature and time based on the result :………………………………………………………………

TIPS◦ Melibatkan graf yang berkaitan dengan masa (contoh:

saat /minit/ jam/ tahun/ hari dsb)CONTOH 1

MASA

GERAK BALASJika masa bertambah, maka gerakbalas bertambahSemakin masa bertambah, semakin gerakbalas

bertambah

Gerakbalas berkadar terus dengan masa

PREDICTING(MERAMAL)

Time (minute)

0 5 10 15 20

Temperature (°C)

0 30 60 100 100

PREDICT the temperature at 30 minutes.………………………………………………………..

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

TIPS:• Teknik menjawab:• Mesti dijawab berdasarkan pemerhatian

dalam eksperimenAyat Umum ......................adalah bahan/ cecair/ logam/ mikroorganisma/proses dll yang .....(pemerhatian Eksperimen)...............

Sps OPERATIONAL DEFINITION Definisi secara operasi

• Define accordingly on: Definiskan mengikut Apa yang diperhatikan berdasarkan

eksperimen (what is being observe from the experiment) Apa yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan

keputusan (what is being done to get the result)

Definisi secara operasi

A = B apabila CA adalah B apabila C terjadi

A = permintaan soalan/perkaraB = ciri (cecair, bahan, proses, logam, bahan

kimia)C = pemerhatian dalam eksperimen

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan antibiotik berdasarkan eksperimen ini?

Defini secara operasi

Antibiotik adalah bahan kimia yang boleh membentuk kawasan jernih disekeliling cakera antibiotik pada permukaan agar nutrien

A = B apabila C A = antibiotikB = bahan/sebatian/bahan kimiaC = kawasan jernih terbentuk pada piring petri

Antibiotik adalah bahan yang menyebabkan kawasan jernih tebentuk pada piring petri.

SPS – Defining operationally• 1.Determine the definition of a concept Example : Antibiotic definition,

A substance that can kill or stop the growth of microbes

• 2. Turn the definition into one observable matter/ concept Can be shown through experiment using nutrient agar (clear area is formed

around the antibiotic disc on the nutrient agar)

• 3. Rewrite the definition according to the correct concept using observable matter.

Operational definition of an alkali : Antibiotic is a substance that can formed clear area around the antibiotic disc on the nutrient agar

DEFINING OPERATIONALLY - EXAMPLE 2

SPM 2007• Result of the experiment to

study the effect of pH on the growth of bacteria.

• State the operational definition for the growth of bacteria.

Answer :

Test Test tubetube

pH valuepH value Cloudiness Cloudiness of mixtureof mixture

PP Acid ( pH Acid ( pH less than less than 7)7)

Slightly Slightly cloudycloudy

QQ Alkali (pH Alkali (pH more than more than 7)7)

Slightly Slightly cloudycloudy

RR Neutral Neutral (pH 7)(pH 7)

Very Very cloudycloudy

Contoh:Berikan definisi secara operasi bagi: 

1 Antibiotik : Antibiotik adalah bahan yang boleh membuat kawasan jernih di atas permukaan agar-agar nutrien

 : Antibiotik adalah bahan yang boleh mengurangkan

saiz koloni bakteria 2 Air suling : Air suling adalah cecair yang mempunyai takat didih

1000C 3 Logam : Logam adalah bahan yang boleh mengalirkan haba 

: Logam adalah bahan yang boleh menjadi panjang apabila ditarik

 4 Aloi : Aloi adalah bahan yang tahan kakisan

: Aloi adalah bahan yang membuat lekukan yang kurang dalam apabila pemberat dijatuhkan ke atasnya

Sps berkomunikasi

PINDAHKAN DATA DARI JADUAL KE GRAFTandakan titik ke graf

Graf garis lurus • Guna pembarisGRAF LENGKUNG

Tidak boleh guna pembaris ‘free hand’GRAF BAR / HISTOGRAM

Saiz bar mesti sama

GRAPH

Tips (GRAF GARIS)Contoh;

–Lihat ayat:………….lukis graf suhu melawan masa

RESPONDING VARIABLE

MANIPULATED VARIABLE

Bilangan koloni bertambah dengan masa Ketinggian anak benih bertambah dengan masa

BAR GRAPH - VARIATION

• Langkah: 1. Baca skala pada paksi X dan paksi Y2. Plot titik3. Sambung titik4. Jika garis lurus mesti guna pembaris5. Garis lengkung tidak boleh guna

pembaris

CONTOH GRAF

5

10

15

20

02 4 6 8 10 12

MASA

ISIPADUGAS

CONTOH GRAF(GARIS)

5

10

15

20

02 4 6 8 10 12

MASA

ISIPADUGAS

CONTOH GRAF(HISTOGRAM)

5

10

15

20

0

BILPELAJAR

BERAT41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 55 56 – 60 61 - 45

CONTOH GRAF (HISTOGRAM)

5

10

15

20

0

BILPELAJAR

JENISDARAH

AB A O B

SPS : MENGELAS

• Mengelompokkan objek atau fenomena dalam kumpulan tertentu berdasarkan kriteria seperti

ciri, sifat , persamaan atau perbezaan.# Perhatikan soalan – kenalpasti arahan

menanda samada satu atau lebih untuk mendapat 1 atau 2 markah.

Mark the activities that involved a stretch muscle

What type of wave is received by T?Mark your answer in the box providedApakah jeinis gelombang yang diterima oleh T?Tandakn jawapan anda dalam petak

Tick in the boxes, the substances which can be used to replaced magnesium in this experimentTandakan dalam petak, bahan yang boleh menggantikan magnesium dalam eksperimen ini.

MEASURINGTIPS:Pelajar sepatutnya mempunyai kemahiran

membaca data daripada Rajah yang diberi.

Melengkung ke bawah Melengkung ke atas

QUESTIONS

Bacaan voltmeter = .…..V

Isipadu air = ……………

Isipadu air + blok besi = ………………..

Contoh item Bahagian B

Rajah menunjukkan satu proses yang berlaku ke atas zarah lateks

(a) Lukiskan cas-cas disekeliling zarah lateks dalam Rajah 2

(b) Namakan bahan P.

(c) (I) Apakah yang berlaku di peringkat B

(ii) Jelaskan jawapan anda di (b) (I)

(d) Apakah yang berlaku di R

(e) Namakan bahan yang boleh mengekalkan zarah lateks dalam peringkat A

Peringkat B

Bahan PBahan P

R

Peringkat A

Zarah Lateks

+

Membran protein

Jawab mengikut peruntukkan markah Elakkan menggunakan perkataan

singkatan (bahasa sms) Elakkan memberikan lebih daripada dua

atau lebih jawapan

BAHAGIAN C20 MARKAH

Alloi dan logam tulen mempunyai ciri kerintangan kakisan yang berbeza

(SPM 2006)

a. Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menguji pernyataan di atas. (1 m)

b. Anda dibekalkan dengan paku besi, paku keluli dan larutan natrium klorida. Terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menguji hipotesis anda berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria dibawah:

(i) Tujuan eksperimen (1 markah)(ii) Mengenalpasti pembolehubah (2 markah)(iii) senarai radas dan bahan (1 markah)(iv ) Procedure atau kaedah (4 markah)(v) penjadualan data (1 markah)

EXPERIMENT QUESTION N0 10

1. Daripada pernyataan palajar dapat mengenalpasti pembolahubah dimanipulasikan (MV) dan bergerak balas(RV)

2. Hipotesis mestilah menghubungkait diantara MV dan RV

3. Tujuan haruslah mengandungi MV dan RV. ( mengkaji ….)4. Kebanyakan bahan dan radas telah dinyatakan

dalam soalan. PERLU TAMBAH 1 ATAU 2 BAHAN LAGI

EXPERIMENT QUESTION N0 10

5. Procedure/ KAEDAH• i. – Bahan dan radas disediakan(gambarajah

diterima tetapi mesti berlabel)• ii.- Bagaimana untuk mendapatkan RV• iii- Bagaimana untuk

mendapatkan/mengukur/memerhati RV• iv.- Ulang eksperimen- menggunakan MV lain• 6. Tabulation of data• - Table form and refer to RV and MV

Answer template(a) Hypotesis :(b) i. Tujuan :

ii: Pembolehubah MV:RV:CV:

iii: Bahan & radas iv: kaedahPenjadualan data:

MV RV

ANSWERHypothesis Alloy lebih tahan kakisan berbanding dengan logam

tulenTujuan Untuk mengkaji kesan kakisan/karat terhadap aloi

dan logam tulenPengenalpastian pembolehubah CV – isipadu/kepekatan natrium klorida MV – jenis logan//aloi dan logam tulen RV – ketahanan kakisan//keadaan paku//kekaratan

logamBahan dan radaspaku besi, paku keluli, natrium klorida , dan bikar

ANSWER Procedure1. Larutan Natrium klorida dituangkan kedalam bikar.2. Paku besi dan paku keluli dimasukkan ke dalam

bikar.3. Bikar dibiarkan selama 3 hari.4. Selepas 3 hari, keadaan paku diperhatikan dan

direkodkan ke dalam jadual.

Tabulation of data

Types of nails The state of the nails

Steel

Iron

SECTION C(EXPERIMENTING)10 Study the following statement

the focal length of a convex lens depends on the lens thickness

(a) Suggest one hypothesis to investigate the above statement

You are given one thick convex lens, one thin convex lens, a lens holder and a white screen.

(a) Describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in 10(a) based on the following criteria.(i) Aim of the experiment(ii) Identification of variable(iii) List of apparatus and materials(iv) Procedure and method(v) Tabulation of data.

(a) Hypothesis : the thickness of lens will effect the focal length

(a) the more thickness of convex lens, the more the focal length of convex lens

aim: to study the focal length of a convex lens by the lens thickness

To investigate that the thickness of lens affect the focal length of a convex lens

MV:the thick or thin of convex lensRV: the focal length of a convex lensCV: the convex lens

MV: thick convex lensRV: focal lengthCV: same type of lens holder

Apparatus and materials:Few different thickness convex lens, lens holder, white screen, ruler, pencil

The three lens with different thickness, torchlight, board

lens

Torch light

lens holder skrin Diagram 1 lens

Torch light

lens holder skrin Diagram 2

Procedure and method:

Place a thick convex lens with a lens holder in front of a white screen. Then observe the focal length that formed through that thick lens. After that place the thin convex lens on a lens holder and put in front of the white screen. Take note of the focal length that formed. Identify the distance that formed through two different convex lens

The length of focal lenght

Thin convex lens

Thin convex lens

Thick or thin convex lens

Focal length

Thin convex lens

Thin convex lens

Tabulation of data

Question 11(a)Sample answer 1a1) One similarity between alloy and pure metals is there are solid

formed. The differences between alloy and metal is the alloys is harder than pure metals and alloy is non-ductile, non-malleable, resistance corrosine and alloy is formed from two substances.

a2) Similarity between alloy and pure metal are they both are electrical conductor

Differences of alloy and pure metalAlloy Differences Pure metal

Hard Hardness soft

Non orderly Arrangement of atom orderly

Non malleable Malleability malleable

Resistance to corrosion Corrosion resistance Not resistant to corrosion

11(b)

Question 12(a)

Sample 1 Sample 2

a) Jenis pencemaran kesan

pada manusia

- Pencemaran udara - sesak

nafas,

batuk.- Pencemaran air - taun, keracunan

a) Air pollution can cause respiratory problems like asthma to human. Water pollution causes death of aquatic organism which are source of protein to human, making human lack of protein and prone to diseases like kwashiorkor. Water pollution can be toxic and cause death to human who consumes polluted water. Sound pollution affects human health by causing stress which can lead to high blood pressure, myocardial infarction and stroke

Question 12(b)Sample 1 Sample 2

i. Pengenalpastian masalah- Longkang tersumbat dengan plastik dan

bahan buangan pepejal

i. Flash flood in a house area due to clogging of the drain

ii. Penjelasan masalah- Masalah longkang tersumbat dengan plastik dan bahan buangan pepejal berlaku kerana pembunagan sampah sarap yang tidak terkawal oleh penduduk

ii. Plastic and solid waste blocks the water way of the drain

iii. recycle, reduce , reduce iii.-Unclog the clog drain-Use biodegradable plastic-Enforce law and fines people who litter-Build more and larger drain-Cover the drain with drain lid-Prepare more dustbins in the housing area.

Bahagian c (11(b) & 12(b)

Three Thinking Strategies

• Conceptualisation• Making Decisions• Problem Solving

Conceptualisation Making generalisations based on inter-related

and common characteristics in order to construct meaning, concept and model.

Steps of using 1. Identify the information 2. Identify the common characteristics3. Relate the common characteristics to

construct the initial concept. 4. Identify another example and give a reason

and identify a non example and give a reason. 5. State the actual concept.

Conceptualisation – SPM 2004

• Figure 10 shows several activities conducted by a student.

Study the above activities. Explain how you would develop a concept based on the information in Figure 10.

Your explanation of the concept should include the following:• Identify two common characteristics • Develop initial concept• Give other example and reason in relation to the concept• Give a non-example and reason in relating to the concept• Explain the actual concept [6 marks]

Answer(i) Two common characteristics

All of the actions are controlled by cerebrumThe persons are aware of their actions

(ii) Develop initial conceptActions that are controlled by cerebrum and the persons are aware of their actions are called voluntary action.

(iii) Give other example and reason in relation to the conceptExample: Dancing / Walking because it is controlled by cerebrum and one’s will.

(iv) Give a non-example and reason in relation to the concept Knee-jerk / blinking of eyes/ heart beat cannot be controlled by

oneself.

(v) Explain the actual conceptVoluntary action is an action that can be controlled by cerebrum and the person is aware of its action.

CONCEPTUALISATION / SPM 2007Q12b : Diagram 12 shows four types of objects made of thermoplastic.

Polythene basket Polythene bottle

thermoplastic

Polystyrene container PVC pipe

Study the objects in diagram 12 and construct the concept of thermoplastic.

Your answer should be based on the following aspects : Identify two common characteristics ( 2 marks )

i. Can be moulded ii. Low melting point / Not resistance to heat

iii. Can be bent Give one other example of thermoplastic ( 1 mark )

Perspex / nylon Give two example of non-thermoplastic ( 2 marks )

Bakelite / Melamine / epoxy Relate the common characteristics to construct the concept of

thermoplastic ( 1 mark)Thermoplastic is the plastic / substance which can be remoulded and has low melting point

( NOTES : Plastic / substance must be written )

Problem Solving Finding solutions to a challenging or

unfamiliar situations or unanticipated difficulties in a systematic manner

Steps of using 1. Identify the problem2. Clarification of the problem.3. Find the alternative to solve the problem 4. Describe the operation of problem

solving. 5. Evaluate the method of problem solving

Penyelesaian Masalah – SPM 2009

Satu kawasan perumahan telah dilanda banjir kilat disebabkan oleh longkang tersumbat dengan plastik dan bahan buangan pepejal. Terangkan bagaimana komuniti kawasan itu dapat menyelesaikan banjir kilat. Jawapan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut :

i. Pengenalpastian masalahii. Penjelasan masalahiii. Cadangkan empat kaedah untuk

menyelesaikan masalah itu. [6 markah]

JawapanJawapan

(i) Kenalpasti masalah Berlaku banjir kilat(ii) Penjelasan masalah Longkang tersumbat dengan plastik dan bahan buangan

pepejal(iii) Kaedah penyelesaian

1.Bakar plastik dan bahan buangan pepejal dalam insinerator.2. Tanam plastik dan bahan buangan pepejal dalam tanah.3. Bersihkan longkang dari plastik dan bahan buangan pepejal.4. Adakan kempen kesedaran kepada komuniti agar tidak membuang sampah di dalam longkang.

Spm 2007 / q11a. Explain the effect of toxic substances from factories to the environment ( 4 marks) [construct : UNDERSTANDING]b. Most domestic waste such as paper is disposed of by open burning. Explain the

method to overcome this problemAnswer :

i. Identify the problem Most domestic waste disposed by open burning / Open burning will caused air

pollution.ii. Explain 2 methods to solve this problemM1 : incinerator E1 : Burn domestic waste in closed placedM2 : recycle E2 : Use domestic waste to produced other productM3 : Buried E3 : Buried domestic waste in soil[note : 2m for method , 2m for explanation]iii. Choose the best method & explain your choiceEg. Recycle because it does not cause pollution[note : Accept any method M1/M2/M3 with the reason it does not cause pollution]

[construct : SOLVING PROBLEM & MAKING DECISION]

Making Decisions Selecting the best solution from various

alternatives based on specific criteria to achieve a specific aim

Steps of using1. Identify the aim.2. Identify alternative to achieve the aim.3. Arrange the alternative according to priority.4. Evaluate the chosen alternative. 5. Choose the best alternative (Making

Decisions)

Making Decisions – SPM 2006• You are a teenager who is undergoing growth. You are given three

types of breads as shown in Diagram 11.

Choose the most suitable bread for your growth. Explain your choice based on the following aspects:• Aim of choice• Explanation on the advantages of each type of bread based on the

food class and its function.• List of types of bread according to its priority• The reason for your choice.

[6 marks]

Answers : (i) Aim of choice

To choose the bread which promote growth.(ii) Explanation on the advantages of each type of bread

based on the food class and its function. Buttered bread – Rich in fats and supply

energy Sweetened bread – Rich in carbohydrates and

supply energy Bean bread – Rich in protein and promote

growth(ii) List of types of bread according to its priority

1. Bean Bread2. Buttered bread3. Sweetened bread

(iv) The reason for your choice. The Bean bread had been chosen because its contain

protein which promote growth.

• Based on the safety features, choose the most suitable vehicle for your own use

• Explain your choice based on the following

• 1. Aim of choice• 2.Comparison between the

safety features of the two vehicles

• 3. choose the best vehicle according to its safety features

• 4. state one safety feature of the vehicle you have chosen & explain its uses

MAKING DECISION 2008

Answers :

(i) Aim of choice ( 1 mark ) To choose the most suitable vehicle for my own use based

on the safety features.

(ii) Comparison between the safety features of the two vehicles ( 3 marks )

Car / Diagram 12.1 Van / diagram 12.2

Have air bag

Have seat belt

Have front & rear crumple zone

Have front & rear bumper

Don’t have air bag

Have seat belt

Don’t have front & rear crumple zone

Don’t have front & rear bumper

(ii) Choose the best vehicle according to its safety features ( 1 mark )

Diagram 12.1 / 12.2The car / The van

(iv) State one safety feature of the vehicle that you have chosen & explain it uses. Choice ( 1 mark )

It has safety belts to prevent our head from injury during an accident.

365122473700714999

• Satu tahun bersamaan 365 hari,12 bulan dan 24 jam sehari. Dalam pesawat 737 James Bond(007)sibuk mencari rokok era 14 batang, tetapi telah hilang lalu menelefon 999 untuk meminta bantuan kecemasan.

Sekian dan terima kasih

Bedie Manuelmanwellbd@yahoo.com