Chapter 12, Sect. 1. Between 200 and 300 AD the great Han Dynasty collapses Huns & other nomadic...

Chapter 12, Sect. 1

• Between 200 and 300 AD the great Han Dynasty collapses• Huns & other nomadic invaders take over large sections of Central Asia• No Emperor or single gov’t. able to control China

• Between 200 and 300 AD the great Han Dynasty collapses• Huns & other nomadic invaders take over large sections of Central Asia• No Emperor or single gov’t. able to control China

Chapter 12, Sect. 1

• Sui Wendi succeeded in reuniting China• Ruled from 589 – 618• Northern & southern China linked by Grand Canal• Over extended resources• Were defeated in Manchuria & North Korea• Defeated by Turks from Central Asia in 615• Were overthrown in 618

• Sui Wendi succeeded in reuniting China• Ruled from 589 – 618• Northern & southern China linked by Grand Canal• Over extended resources• Were defeated in Manchuria & North Korea• Defeated by Turks from Central Asia in 615• Were overthrown in 618

Chapter 12, Sect. 1

Expansion- defeated the Turks, extended China’s boundariesfurther west than ever beforeExpansion- defeated the Turks, extended China’s boundariesfurther west than ever before

Established capitalat Chang-an (roughly2 million people)

Established capitalat Chang-an (roughly2 million people)

Chapter 12, Sect. 1

• Like the Han Dynasty, provided a “Golden Age” for China

• Literature – Numerous poets (2300 known)

• Li Bo (Daoist) writings happy, light, upbeat

• Du Fu serious, solemn, concern for suffering & human tragedy

• Religion – predominantly Buddhist, most famous sect was Zen – Buddhist became rich, gov’t felt threatened – gov’t. officials re-introduced Confucianism (order, obeying elders & gov’t., filial piety)

• Like the Han Dynasty, provided a “Golden Age” for China

• Literature – Numerous poets (2300 known)

• Li Bo (Daoist) writings happy, light, upbeat

• Du Fu serious, solemn, concern for suffering & human tragedy

• Religion – predominantly Buddhist, most famous sect was Zen – Buddhist became rich, gov’t felt threatened – gov’t. officials re-introduced Confucianism (order, obeying elders & gov’t., filial piety)Chapter 12, Sect. 1

Chapter 12, Sect. 1

Chapter 12, Sect. 1

• Achievements – Took careful census (population

counts)– Civil service continued & improved– Block printing (w/movable type)

developed to make copies of Confucian & Buddhist texts (Diamond Sutra)

– Porcelain, mechanical clocks, paper money & gunpowder developed for warfare

– Magnetic Compass– Foreign Trade expanded– Agricultural technology improved

(better irrigation, hybrid rice, introduction of Tea)

– Development of huge cities as cultural & trade centers

• Achievements – Took careful census (population

counts)– Civil service continued & improved– Block printing (w/movable type)

developed to make copies of Confucian & Buddhist texts (Diamond Sutra)

– Porcelain, mechanical clocks, paper money & gunpowder developed for warfare

– Magnetic Compass– Foreign Trade expanded– Agricultural technology improved

(better irrigation, hybrid rice, introduction of Tea)

– Development of huge cities as cultural & trade centers

Chapter 12, Sect. 1

Chapter 12, Sect. 2

Inhabited area north of China, now called Mongolia Superb horseman Use of special saddle & iron stirrups allowed accurate archery Tactics well suited for open plains of Central Asia As well as siege tactics using siege weapons Nomadic lifestyle encouraged cultural diffusion

Inhabited area north of China, now called Mongolia Superb horseman Use of special saddle & iron stirrups allowed accurate archery Tactics well suited for open plains of Central Asia As well as siege tactics using siege weapons Nomadic lifestyle encouraged cultural diffusion

Chapter 12, Sect. 2

CONQUESTS: Genghis Khan captures Chinese city now called Beijing Central Asia & most of Persia Grandson Kublai Khan captures rest of China, Tibet, some of Southeast Asia Grandson Batu conquers Russia, parts of Hungary & Poland SEE PAGE 284 – Mongol Empire, 1294

CONQUESTS: Genghis Khan captures Chinese city now called Beijing Central Asia & most of Persia Grandson Kublai Khan captures rest of China, Tibet, some of Southeast Asia Grandson Batu conquers Russia, parts of Hungary & Poland SEE PAGE 284 – Mongol Empire, 1294

Chapter 12, Sect. 2

From mid 1200’s to mid 1300’s period known as the “Mongol Peace” Capital city for Genghis Khan - Karakoram Grandson Kublai Khan – Given the title “Great Khan” Grandson Kublai Khan – begins Yuan Dynasty In China Mongols became the ruling class, while Chinese were employed to run day-to-day operations Eventually due to weak rulers after the Great Khan, the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown & China was again ruled by Chinese

From mid 1200’s to mid 1300’s period known as the “Mongol Peace” Capital city for Genghis Khan - Karakoram Grandson Kublai Khan – Given the title “Great Khan” Grandson Kublai Khan – begins Yuan Dynasty In China Mongols became the ruling class, while Chinese were employed to run day-to-day operations Eventually due to weak rulers after the Great Khan, the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown & China was again ruled by Chinese

Chapter 12, Sect. 2

Genghis Khan was title meaning – “Universal Ruler”Genghis Khan was title meaning – “Universal Ruler”Chapter 12, Sect. 2

Chapter 12, Sect. 2

Feudal Japan

Chapter 12, Sect. 3

Merchants

Shogun (Military Ruler)

Samurai (warriors)

Social Classes in Ancient Japan

Peasants (3/4ths of the population)

Artisans

The Feudal System in

JapanEmperor (Divine Ruler)

Daimyo (Large Landowners)

Chapter 12, Sect. 3

Heian Period:(794-1185AD)

Chapter 12, Sect. 3

Heian Period:(794-1185AD)

• Background– Japan’s “Golden Age”– Daimyo gained more land

from the emperor– People practiced

Shintoism (mix of nature & ancestor worship)

– Emperors claimed to descend from the Yamato Clan and the Sun God

Chapter 12, Sect. 3

• Achievements – Arts & literature flourished– Efficient tax system established– Lady Murasaki wrote “The Tale of

Genji” (world’s 1st novel)

• Chinese Influence– Close location to China allowed

for cultural diffusion– Art, writing, Confucianism, silk,

rice, and government borrowed from China

Heian Period (794-1185AD)

Chapter 12, Sect. 3

Kamakura Shogunate (1192-1275AD)

Chapter 12, Sect. 3

• Background– Daimyo fight over land– Emperor’s power further

weakened as “Supreme Military General” or Shogun takes power

• Achievements – Feudal system

fully developed– “Bushido”

(warrior code) developed

Kamakura Shogunate (1192-1275AD)

Chapter 12, Sect. 3

Kamakura Shogunate (1192-1275AD)

• Mongol Invasion– Kublai Khan sent a Mongol invasion fleet to attack Japan– Emperor called for prayers to stop invasion– Large storm came and sank most of the invasion fleet – Storm called “Kamikaze” or “Divine Wind”

• Mongol Invasion– Kublai Khan sent a Mongol invasion fleet to attack Japan– Emperor called for prayers to stop invasion– Large storm came and sank most of the invasion fleet – Storm called “Kamikaze” or “Divine Wind”

Chapter 12, Sect. 3

Korea

Geography– Rugged mountainous peninsula– Located east coast China– Across channel from Japan

Geography– Rugged mountainous peninsula– Located east coast China– Across channel from Japan

Culture– Heavily influenced by China– Also conquered by Mongols– When Mongols expelled, established own Yi Dynasty (1392) – Buddhism became state religion– Developed movable metal type

Culture– Heavily influenced by China– Also conquered by Mongols– When Mongols expelled, established own Yi Dynasty (1392) – Buddhism became state religion– Developed movable metal type

Chapter 12, Sect. 3