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Chapter 18: The Roaring Twenties. 1920-1929. Introduction: To Do (34 pts):. Define 7 terms “Top 10” people – identify / what were they famous for? 5 ways cars changed the economy. 18.1: A time of Prosperity. Terms. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 18: The Roaring Twenties
1920-1929
Introduction: To Do (34 pts):
Define 7 terms
“Top 10” people – identify / what were they famous for?
5 ways cars changed the economy
18.1: A TIME OF PROSPERITY
Terms
Assembly line: a system in which each worker does a different job in putting together a product
Installment Plan: the payment of money over time toward the total cost of the item
Mass Media: the communications that reach large numbers of people
Remember?
The US had just exited WWI… Nation was at peace Economy was healthy
Americans = starting to enjoy the good times
A short Term as President
Warren G. Harding (1920) Ordinary man Could return the US to prewar times From OHIO
Cabinet selection: Some were honest and capable Some were chosen because they were friends
What’s the problem with hiring friends?
A short Term as President
1923: Congress examining friends’ actions Harding was worried, but became ill August 2, 1923 – Harding dies
Calvin Coolidge becomes President
Scandal uncovered: Albert Fall Secretary of the Interior Two oil executives had bribed Fall to get secret
leases Land in California, Teapot Dome in Wyoming Found guilty, went to jail
Cars Change the Economy
Americans wanted to build a rich country Congress began passing laws
Let businesses grow larger Salaries went up / prices went down
People were able to buy more things
Model T. Ford = “Tin Lizzie” = Henry Ford Worked used an assembly line Cars could be built faster
Lower cost More people could afford
Cars Change the Economy
Steel, rubber, glass, oil industries all grew Meet the needs of automobile builders
Americans found new jobs Selling, repairing, parking, driving cars
Miles of new roads were built New businesses were built
Diners, motels, stores, gas stations People began to move to the suburbs
Did not have to live where you worked
Americans Spend More
Assembly line revolutionized the economy Washing machines Toasters Refrigerators
Some products cost more than people could afford
Enter in: Installment Plans Let everyone be able to purchase more
Down payment / monthly payments
Americans Spend More
More industries grew Advertising
Consumers NEEDED certain products New products make everyone happier
Began appearing in mass media Radios Billboards Magazines Newspapers
To Do
Pg. 337 (1-3) USE COMPLETE SENTENCES FOR FULL CREDIT
Pg. 338 (1-2)
Exercise 75
18.2: GOOD TIMES FOR MANY
Terms
Jazz: a kind of music created by African Americans in the South in the early 1900s
Renaissance: a time of new interest and activity in the arts
Prosperity:
1920s: Time of prosperity / change for many people
More people had wealth / luxury
High hopes for the future
Should sports stars / celebrities be role models?
Popular Entertainment
1920s was a time to enjoy life Carefree times = “Roaring Twenties”
Also known as the Jazz Age
Music Jazz gained popularity
Drums, piano, banjo, horns – all used Went from New Orleans to Chicago / New York Louis Armstrong Jelly Roll Morton Bessie Smith
Music was popular with African Americans and whites
Popular Entertainment
Radio KDKA – 1st radio station
Pittsburgh, PA 1922: +500 radio stations
1st – mostly music News reports Sports reports Children’s stories
Movies California’s climate was ideal
for movies Hollywood became movie
capital of the world
People went once a week to the movies
Westerns Romances Adventures Comedies
1st – No sound Background music Lyrics were written on cards /
shown on screen
1927: 1st talkie “The Jazz Singer”
Popular Entertainment
Books and Magazines Many writers were horrified by WWI Criticized Americans for caring too much about
money and fun Some even moved out of the US Became expatriates
F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby Characters were always looking for wealth and success
Ernest Hemmingway, The Sun also Rises Wartime experiences, sports, travel
Popular Entertainment
Books and Magazines Many magazines were 1st published in the
1920s Time – read for news Saturday Evening Post – read for stories
Popular Entertainment
Sports Boxing = Jack Dempsey Swimming = Gertrude Ederle College Football = Red Grange Baseball = Babe Ruth
Greatest hero of the decade: May 1927 – Charles Lindbergh (Lucky Lindy)
Flew alone across the Atlantic Ocean New York to Paris with no map, parachute, or radio Opened the door to new flying possibilities
The Harlem Renaissance
African Americans moved North in the 1920s Often came to Harlem (in NYC) Were free to express themselves
Harlem Renaissance Used literature and art to show racial pride Spoke out against racial discrimination
The Harlem Renaissance Countee Cullen
Won prizes for his poetry Experiences of African Americans
Taught in a Harlem high school
The Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes
“The Negro Speaks of Rivers” – published after high school
Best known poet of the Renaissance Encouraged African Americans to be proud of their
heritage Protested racism and violence against African
Americans Wrote poems, plays, short stories, essays
The Harlem Renaissance
Claude McKay From Jamaica Condemned lynchings
and mob violence after WWI
Zora Neale Hurston Novels, essays, short
stories Tried to preserve
folklore Traveled to collect folk
takes, songs, prayers Mules and Men
The Mass Culture of the 1920s
Women in the 1920s
New freedoms Turned away from traditional roles
Cut hair short Wore short dresses Began smoking / drinking in public
Women in the 1920s
Why these changes? 19th Amendment – women had the right to vote
in all elections Women could hold public offices
Nellie Tayloe Ross (WY governor) Miriam A. Ferguson (TX governor)
Women kept working outside of the house New appliances made lives easier
Books / music / art helped them to think differently More decided to go to college
Women in the 1920s
Women were still not treated the same as men Employed?
General belief – would work until married Women were not trained for some jobs Were paid less than men
Women still became doctors / lawyers Hospitals and law offices refused to hire women
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Alice Paul: Noted women still lacked many legal rights (earning
control) Proposed the ERA Complete equality of rights across the United States
Some thought the ERA would cause women to lose some legal protections
Amendment passed, never ratified
To Do
Pg. 342 (1-2)
Pg. 343 (1-3)
Exercise 76
Bonus points (complete sentences): When was the first radio broadcast? What was announced?
18.3: A TIME OF CHANGE
Terms
Inflation: a sharp rise in the price of goods
Deport: to force a person who is not a citizen to leave the country by government order
Discussion
Should returning veterans be able to get their jobs back?
1920s still had problems Many Americans were without jobs Prices were rising Fear of immigrants led to violence Violence against African Americans continued
in the South
Economic Problems
Veterans returned home after WWI Jobs were already filled
Factories also did not need as many workers No more need for military supplies
Other problems People were eager to spend money – businesses
could not keep up with demand Prices began to rise (fewer goods) Bad feelings between owners and workers
Workers wanted wages to keep up with inflation
Growing Fears
Economy was growing worse Feared workers who went on strike Strikers? Under control of Communists
Communists – had taken control of Russia in 1917 Government should control all businesses and
property Was there going to be a Communist takeover in the
US? 6,000 people were arrested in 1920
Growing Fears
Arrested? Communist (true or false…) Hundreds were deported
Immigrant hatred: Were taking jobs from Americans People called for laws limited immigration
1921: only 357,000 immigrants permitted per year The door to the US was almost shut
The Great Migration
1910-1930: African Americans moved North Settled in cities: New York, Detroit, Chicago,
Philadelphia Left because:
Unfair working conditions Sharecroppers had to pay for the right to farm lands
Farming was difficult Floods / long spells of dry weather
Segregation laws Separate schools, restaurants, restrooms, drinking fountains
The Great Migration
Hoped for a better life in the North Higher pay in factory jobs
Still made less than white workers
Violence: Ku Klux Klan – terrorist group
Spread fear among African Americans Men in hoods attacked in the South, Midwest, West
Fought back: Formed groups to increase racial pride
Churches, social clubs, businesses
To Do
Pg. 345 – critical thinking – Sacco and Vanzetti
Pg. 347 (1-3)
Exercise 77
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